KIA Opirus (2008 year). Manual — part 14
Driving tips
EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEM
The emissions control system of
Engine exhaust gas precau-
•
Do not operate the engine in con-
your vehicle is covered by a written
tions (carbon monoxide)
fined or closed areas
(such as
limited warranty. Please see the war-
garages) any more than what is
ranty information contained in the
WARNING
necessary to move the vehicle in or
Warranty & Maintenance book in
out of the area.
Engine exhaust gases contain
your vehicle.
carbon monoxide (CO). Though
•
When the vehicle is stopped in an
open area for more than a short
colorless and odorless, it is
Vehicle modifications
dangerous and could be lethal if
time with the engine running,
adjust the ventilation system
(as
This vehicle should not be modified.
inhaled. Follow the instructions
following to avoid CO poison-
needed) to draw outside air into the
Modification of your Kia could affect
vehicle.
its performance, safety or durability
ing.
and may even violate governmental
•
Never sit in a parked or stopped
safety and emissions regulations.
• Carbon monoxide can be present
vehicle for any extended time with
with other exhaust fumes.
the engine running.
In addition, damage or performance
Therefore, if you smell exhaust
problems resulting from any modifi-
•
Inspect the emission control sys-
fumes of any kind inside your vehi-
cation may not be covered under
tem whenever engine stalls.
cle, have it inspected and repaired
warranty.
•
If the engine stalls or fails to start,
immediately by an authorized Kia
do not re-engaging the starter over
dealer or other competent repair
3 times. If the engine stalls or re-
shop. If you ever suspect exhaust
engaged excessively, it may cause
fumes are coming into your vehi-
damage to the emission control
cle, drive it only with all the win-
system.
dows fully open. Have your vehicle
checked and repaired immediately.
5 3
Driving tips
Operating precautions for cat-
• Do not operate the engine at high
alytic converters (if equipped)
idle speed for extended periods (5
minutes or more).
WARNING - Fire
• Do not modify or tamper with any
part of the engine or emission con-
A hot exhaust system can ignite
flammable items under your
trol system. All inspections and
adjustments must be made by a
vehicle. Do not park the vehicle
over or near flammable objects,
qualified technician.
such as dry grass, paper,
Failure to observe these precautions
leaves, etc.
could result in damage to the catalyt-
ic converter and to your vehicle.
Your vehicle is equipped with a cat-
Additionally, such actions could void
alytic converter emission control
your warranties.
device.
Therefore, the following precautions
must be observed:
• Use only UNLEADED FUEL for
gasoline engine (unleaded).
• Do not operate the vehicle when
there are signs of engine malfunc-
tion, such as misfire or a noticeable
loss of performance.
• Do not misuse or abuse the
engine. Examples of misuse are
coasting with the ignition off and
descending steep grades in gear
with the ignition off.
5 4
Driving tips
BEFORE DRIVING
Before entering vehicle:
Before starting
WARNING - Driving under
• Be sure that all windows, outside
• Close and lock all doors.
the influence of alcohol or
mirror(s), and outside lights are
• Position the seat so that all con-
drugs
clean.
trols are easily reached.
Drinking and driving is danger-
• Check the condition of the tires.
• Adjust the inside and outside
ous. Drunk driving is the num-
• Check under the vehicle for any
rearview mirrors.
ber one contributor to the high-
sign of leaks.
• Be sure that all lights work.
way death toll each year. Even a
• Be sure there are no obstacles
small amount of alcohol will
• Check all gauges.
behind you if you intend to back up.
affect your reflexes, perceptions
• Check the operation of warning
and judgement.
lights when the ignition switch is
Necessary inspections
turned to the ON position.
You are much more likely to
have a serious accident if you
Fluid levels, such as engine oil,
• Release the parking brake and
drink and drive.
engine coolant, brake fluid, and
make sure the brake warning light
If you are drinking or taking
washer fluid should be checked on a
goes out.
drugs, don’t drive. Do not ride
regular basis, with the exact interval
For safe operation, be sure you are
with a driver who has been
depending on the fluid. Further
familiar with your vehicle and its
drinking or taking drugs.
details are provided in Section
7,
equipment.
Choose a designated driver or
Maintenance.
call a cab.
Driving while under the influ-
ence of drugs is as dangerous
or more dangerous than driving
drunk.
5 5
Driving tips
SUGGESTIONS FOR ECONOMICAL OPERATION
Your vehicle's fuel economy depends
•
Do not use the air conditioner
• Open windows at high speeds can
mainly on your style of driving, where
unnecessarily.
reduce fuel economy.
you drive and when you drive.
•
Slow down when driving on rough
• Fuel economy is less in crosswinds
Each of these factors affects how
roads.
and headwinds. To help offset
many kilometers (miles) you can get
some of this loss, slow down when
•
For longer tire life and better fuel
from a liter (gallon) of fuel. To operate
economy, always keep the tires
driving in these conditions.
your vehicle as economically as pos-
inflated to the recommended pres-
sible, use the following driving sug-
sures.
Keeping a vehicle in good operating
gestions to help save money in both
•
Maintain a safe distance from other
condition is important both for econ-
fuel and repairs:
vehicles to avoid sudden stops.
omy and safety. Therefore, have an
• Avoid lengthy warm-up idling.
This will reduce wear on brake lin-
authorized Kia dealer perform
Once the engine is running
ings and pads. Driving in such a
scheduled inspections and mainte-
smoothly,
begin
driving.
way will also save fuel because
nance.
Remember, engine warm-up may
extra fuel is required to accelerate
take a little longer on cold days.
back to driving speed.
WARNING - Engine off
• Save fuel by accelerating slowly
•
Do not carry unnecessary weight
during motion
after stopping.
in the vehicle.
Never turn the engine off to
• Keep the engine in tune and follow
•
Do not rest your foot on the brake
coast down hills or anytime the
the recommended periodic mainte-
pedal while driving. This can cause
vehicle is in motion. The power
nance schedule. This will increase
needless wear, possible damage
steering and power brakes will
the life of all parts and lower your
to the brakes, and poor fuel econo-
not function without the engine
operating costs.
my.
running. Instead, downshift to
•
Improper wheel alignment results
an appropriate gear for engine
in faster tire wear and lower fuel
braking effect.
economy.
5 6
Driving tips
SPECIAL DRIVING CONDITIONS
Hazardous driving conditions
• If stalled in snow, mud, or sand,
Rocking the vehicle
use second gear. Accelerate slow-
When hazardous driving conditions
If it is necessary to rock the vehicle
ly to avoid spinning the drive
are encountered such as water,
to free it from snow, sand, or mud,
wheels.
snow, ice, mud, sand, or similar haz-
first turn the steering wheel right and
ards, follow these suggestions:
• Use sand, rock salt, tire chains, or
left to clear the area around your
other non-slip material under the
front wheels. Then, shift back and
• Drive cautiously and allow extra
drive wheels to provide traction
forth between R (Reverse) and any
distance for braking.
when stalled in ice, snow, or mud.
forward gear in vehicles equipped
• Avoid sudden movements in brak-
with an automatic transaxle. Do not
ing or steering.
WARNING - Downshifting
race the engine, and spin the wheels
• When braking, pump the brake
as little as possible. If you are still
Downshifting with an automatic
pedal with a light up-and-down
stuck after a few tries, have the vehi-
transaxle, while driving on slip-
motion until the vehicle is stopped.
cle pulled out by a tow vehicle to
pery surfaces can cause an
avoid engine overheating and possi-
accident. The sudden change in
ble damage to the transaxle.
✽ NOTICE
tire speed could cause the tires
Do not pump the brake pedal on a
to skid. Be careful when down-
vehicle equipped with ABS.
shifting on slippery surfaces.
5 7
Driving tips
✽ NOTICE
Driving at night
Driving in the rain
Prolonged rocking may cause engine
Because night driving presents more
Rain and wet roads can make driving
over-heating, transaxle damage or
hazards than driving in the daylight,
dangerous, especially if you’re not
failure, and tire damage.
here are some important tips to
prepared for the slick pavement.
remember:
Here are a few things to consider
when driving in the rain:
WARNING - Spinning tires
•
Slow down and keep more dis-
tance between you and other vehi-
•
A heavy rainfall will make it harder
Do not spin the wheels, espe-
cially at speeds more than 56
cles, as it may be more difficult to
to see and will increase the dis-
see at night, especially in areas
tance needed to stop your vehicle,
km/h (35 mph). Spinning the
wheels at high speeds when the
where there may not be any street
so slow down.
lights.
vehicle is stationary could
•
Keep your windshield wiping
cause a tire to overheat, explode
•
Adjust your mirrors to reduce the
equipment in good shape. Replace
and injure bystanders.
glare from other driver's head-
your windshield wiper blades when
lights.
they show signs of streaking or
missing areas on the windshield.
•
Keep your headlights clean and
properly aimed on vehicles not
•
If your tires are not in good condi-
equipped with the automatic head-
tion, making a quick stop on wet
light aiming feature. Dirty or
pavement can cause a skid and
improperly aimed headlights will
possibly lead to an accident. Be
make it much more difficult to see
sure your tires are in good shape.
at night.
•
Turn on your headlights to make it
•
Avoid staring directly at the head-
easier for others to see you.
lights of oncoming vehicles. You
could be temporarily blinded, and it
will take several seconds for your
eyes to readjust to the darkness.
5 8
Driving tips
• Driving too fast through large pud-
Winter driving
• Use antifreeze-formulated wind-
dles can affect your brakes. If you
shield washer fluid. (Do not use
• We recommend that you carry
must go through puddles, try to
engine coolant antifreeze.)
emergency equipment, including
drive through them slowly.
tire chains, a window scraper,
• Do not use the parking brake if it
• If you believe you may have gotten
windshield de-icer, a bag of sand
might freeze. When parking, shift
your brakes wet, apply them lightly
or salt, flares, a small shovel and
to P
(Park) with an automatic
while driving until normal braking
jumper cables.
transaxle and block the rear
operation returns.
wheels.
• Make sure you have sufficient eth-
ylene-glycol coolant in the radiator.
• Check the battery condition and
cables. Cold temperatures reduce
the capacity of any battery, so it
must be in excellent condition to
provide enough winter starting
power.
• Make sure the engine oil viscosity
is suitable for cold weather.
• Check the ignition system for loose
connections and damage.
5 9
Driving tips
Snow tires
WARNING - Snow tire
If you mount snow tires on your Kia,
size
make sure they are radial tires of the
same size and load range as the
Snow tires should be equivalent
original tires. Mount snow tires on all
in size and type to the vehicle's
four wheels to balance your vehicle’s
standard tires. Otherwise, the
handling in all weather conditions.
safety and handling of your
Keep in mind that the traction provid-
vehicle may be adversely affect-
ed by snow tires on dry roads may
ed.
not be as high as your vehicle's orig-
1GHA2135
inal equipment tires. You should drive
Do not install studded tires without
cautiously even when the roads are
Tire chains
clear. Check with the tire dealer for
first checking local, state and munic-
Since the sidewalls of radial tires are
ipal regulations for possible restric-
maximum speed recommendations.
thinner, they can be damaged by
tions against their use.
mounting some types of snow chains
on them. Therefore, the use of snow
tires is recommended instead of
snow chains. Do not mount tire
chains on vehicles equipped with
aluminum wheels, snow chains may
cause damage to the wheels. If
snow chains must be used, use wire-
type chains with a thickness of less
than 15 mm. Damage to your vehicle
caused by improper snow chain use
is not covered by your vehicle manu-
facturers warranty.
Install them only on the front tires.
5 10
Driving tips
Chain installation
CAUTION
WARNING - Tire chains
When installing chains, follow the
•
Make sure the snow chains
manufacturer's instructions and
•
The use of chains may
are the correct size and type
mount them as tightly as you can.
adversely affect vehicle han-
for your tires. Incorrect snow
Drive slowly with chains installed. If
dling.
chains can cause damage to
you hear the chains contacting the
•
Do not exceed 30 km/h (20
the vehicle body and suspen-
body or chassis, stop and tighten
mph) or the chain manufactur-
sion and may not be covered
them. If they still make contact, slow
er’s recommended speed
by your vehicle manufacturer
down until it stops. Remove the
limit, whichever is lower.
warranty. Also, the snow chain
chains as soon as you begin driving
•
Drive carefully and avoid
connecting hooks may be
on cleared roads.
damaged from contacting
bumps, holes, sharp turns,
and other road hazards, which
vehicle components causing
WARNING
may cause the vehicle to
the snow chains to come
loose from the tire. Make sure
When mounting snow chains,
bounce.
the snow chains are SAE
park the vehicle on level ground
•
Avoid sharp turns or locked-
class “S” certified. Cable-type,
away from traffic. Turn on the
wheel braking.
or plastic-type snow chain can
vehicle Hazard Warning flashers
also be used.
and place a triangular emer-
gency warning device behind
•
Always check chain installa-
CAUTION
the vehicle if available. Always
tion for proper mounting after
place the vehicle in park
(P),
•
Chains that are the wrong size
driving approximately 0.5 to 1
apply the parking brake and
or improperly installed can
km to ensure safe mounting.
turn off the engine before
damage your vehicle's brake
Retighten or remount the
installing snow chains.
lines, suspension, body and
chains if they are loose.
wheels.
•
Stop driving and retighten the
chains any time you hear them
hitting the vehicle.
5 11
Driving tips
Driving in flooded areas
HLA (Hydraulic Lash Adjuster)
If the temporary noise occurs when
noise
starting a cold engine:
Avoid driving through flooded areas
unless you are sure the water is no
The engine HLA's keep the gap
This is a normal condition. This noise
will disappear after the engine oil has
higher than the bottom of the wheel
between the valve and cam at zero
hub. Drive through any water slowly.
regardless of the valve expansion.
reached normal operating pressure.
Allow adequate stopping distance
Occasionally, you may hear tempo-
because brake performance may be
rary or continuous noise
(clatter)
If the noise occurs when starting the
affected.
from the engine when starting or
engine after the engine has not been
After driving through water, dry the
idling. This noise will usually go away
operated for more than 48 hours; or
brakes by gently applying them sev-
by following a few simple steps:
engine has been cranked excessively:
eral times while the vehicle is moving
This condition may be caused by oil
slowly.
CAUTION
draining from the HLA's. This allows
air to enter the HLA causing insuffi-
Do not run the engine at more
cient lubricating oil in the HLA. This
than 3000 rpm until the noise
will usually disappear within 15 min-
goes away. Damage to the
utes with the engine running at
HLA's could occur.
2000~3000 rpm. If the noise does
not disappear, have the engine oil
pressure, engine lubrication system
and HLA's inspected by an
Authorized Kia Dealer.
5 12
Driving tips
TRAILER TOWING (FOR EUROPE)
Item
Specification
WARNING - Towing a
trailer
Maximum trailer
Without brake System
750 (1653)
If you don't use the correct
weight
kg (lbs.)
With brake System
2100 (4630)
equipment and drive properly,
Maximum permissible static vertical load on
you can lose control when you
90 (198)
pull a trailer. For example, if the
the coupling device
kg (lbs.)
trailer is too heavy, the brakes
Recommended distance from rear wheel
may not work well - or even at
1304 (51)
center to coupling point
mm (Inch)
all. You and your passengers
could be seriously or fatally
injured. Pull a trailer only if you
have followed all the steps in
this section.
✽ NOTICE
Pulling a trailer improperly can
damage your vehicle and result in
costly repairs not covered by your
warranty. To pull a trailer correctly,
follow the advice in this section.
5 13
Driving tips
Your vehicle can tow a trailer. To
identify what the vehicle trailering
capacity is for your vehicle, you
should read the information in
“Weight of the Trailer” that appears
later in this section. Remember that
trailering is different than just driving
your vehicle by itself. Trailering
means changes in handling, durabil-
ity, and fuel economy. Successful,
safe trailering requires correct equip-
ment, and it has to be used properly.
This section contains many time-
tested, important trailering tips and
safety rules. Many of these are
important for your safety and that of
your passengers. Please read this
section carefully before you pull a
trailer.
Section A-A
Section B-B
2GHA525
5 14
Driving tips
Load-pulling components such as
If you do decide to pull a trailer
Weight of the trailer
the engine, transaxle, wheel assem-
How heavy can a trailer safely be? It
Here are some important points if
blies, and tires are forced to work
you decide to pull a trailer:
should never weigh more than 2100
harder against the load of the added
kg (4630 lbs.) with trailer brakes. But
weight. The engine is required to
• Consider using a sway control. You
even that can be too heavy.
can ask a hitch dealer about sway
operate at relatively higher speeds
It depends on how you plan to use
and under greater loads. This addi-
control.
your trailer. For example, speed, alti-
tional burden generates extra heat.
• After your odometer indicates 800
tude, road grades, outside tempera-
The trailer also adds considerably to
km (500 miles) or more, you can
ture and how much your vehicle is
wind resistance, increasing the
tow a trailer. For the first 800 km
used to pull a trailer are all important.
pulling requirements.
(500 miles) that you tow a trailer,
The ideal trailer weight can also
don’t drive over 80 km/h (50 mph)
depend on any special equipment
and don’t make starts at full throt-
that you have on your vehicle.
tle. This helps your engine and
other parts of your vehicle “wear” in
at the heavier loads.
• Always drive your vehicle at a mod-
erate speed
(less than
60 mph
(100 km/h)).
• The important considerations have
to do with weight:
5 15
Driving tips
Weight of the trailer tongue
Hitches
WARNING
The tongue load of any trailer is an
It's important to have the correct
important weight to measure
•
Never load a trailer with more
hitch equipment. Crosswinds, large
because it affects the total gross
weight in the rear than in the
trucks going by, and rough roads are
vehicle weight (GVW) of your vehi-
front. The front should be
a few reasons why you’ll need the
cle. This weight includes the curb
loaded with approximately
right hitch. Here are some rules to
weight of the vehicle, any cargo you
60% of the total trailer load;
follow:
may carry in it, and the people who
the rear should be loaded with
• Will you have to make any holes in
will be riding in the vehicle. And if you
approximately 40% of the total
the body of your vehicle when you
will tow a trailer, you must add the
trailer load.
install a trailer hitch? If you do, then
tongue load to the GVW because
•
Never exceed the maximum
be sure to seal the holes later
your vehicle will also be carrying that
weight limits of the trailer or
when you remove the hitch.
weight.
trailer towing equipment.
If you don’t seal them, deadly car-
After you've loaded your trailer,
Improper loading can result in
bon monoxide
(CO) from your
weigh the trailer and then the tongue,
damage to your vehicle and/or
exhaust can get into your vehicle,
separately, to see if the weights are
personal
injury.
Check
as well as dirt and water.
proper. If they aren’t, you may be
weights and loading at a com-
• The bumpers on your vehicle are
able to correct them simply by mov-
mercial scale or highway
not intended for hitches. Do not
ing some items around in the trailer.
patrol office equipped with
attach rental hitches or other
scales.
bumper-type hitches to them. Use
•
An improperly loaded trailer
only a frame-mounted hitch that
can cause loss of vehicle con-
does not attach to the bumper.
trol.
5 16
Driving tips
Safety chains
Trailer brakes
Driving with a trailer
You should always attach chains
If your trailer weighs more than 750
Towing a trailer requires a certain
between your vehicle and your trail-
kg (1653 lbs.) loaded, then it needs
amount of experience. Before setting
er. Cross the safety chains under the
its own brakes and they must be ade-
out for the open road, you must get
tongue of the trailer so that the
quate. Be sure to read and follow the
to know your trailer. Acquaint your-
tongue will not drop to the road if it
instructions for the trailer brakes so
self with the feel of handling and
becomes separated from the hitch.
you’ll be able to install, adjust and
braking with the added weight of the
Instructions about safety chains may
maintain them properly.
trailer. And always keep in mind that
the vehicle you are driving is now a
be provided by the hitch manufactur-
• Don’t tap into your vehicle's brake
er or by the trailer manufacturer.
system.
good deal longer and not nearly so
responsive as your vehicle is by
Follow the manufacturer’s recom-
mendation for attaching safety
itself.
WARNING
chains. Always leave just enough
Before you start, check the trailer
Do not use a trailer with its own
slack so you can turn with your trail-
hitch and platform, safety chains,
brakes unless you are absolute-
er. And, never allow safety chains to
electrical connector(s), lights, tires
ly certain that you have properly
drag on the ground.
and mirror adjustment. If the trailer
set up the brake system. This is
has electric brakes, start your vehicle
not a task for amateurs. Use an
and trailer moving and then apply the
experienced, competent trailer
trailer brake controller by hand to be
shop for this work.
sure the brakes are working. This lets
you check your electrical connection
at the same time.
During your trip, check occasionally
to be sure that the load is secure,
and that the lights and any trailer
brakes are still working.
5 17
Driving tips
Following distance
Backing up
Turn signals when towing a trailer
Stay at least twice as far behind the
Hold the bottom of the steering
When you tow a trailer, your vehicle
vehicle ahead as you would when
wheel with one hand. Then, to move
has to have a different turn signal
driving your vehicle without a trailer.
the trailer to the left, just move your
flasher and extra wiring. The green
This can help you avoid situations
hand to the left. To move the trailer to
arrows on your instrument panel will
that require heavy braking and sud-
the right, move your hand to the
flash whenever you signal a turn or
den turns.
right. Always back up slowly and, if
lane change. Properly connected,
possible, have someone guide you.
the trailer lights will also flash to alert
other drivers you’re about to turn,
Passing
change lanes, or stop.
Making turns
You’ll need more passing distance
When towing a trailer, the green
up ahead when you’re towing a trail-
When you’re turning with a trailer,
arrows on your instrument panel will
er. And, because you’re a good deal
make wider turns than normal. Do
flash for turns even if the bulbs on
longer, you’ll need to go much farther
this so your trailer won’t strike soft
the trailer are burned out. Thus, you
beyond the passed vehicle before
shoulders, curbs, road signs, trees,
may think drivers behind you are
you can return to your lane.
or other objects. Avoid jerky or sud-
seeing your signals when, in fact,
den maneuvers. Signal well in
they are not. It’s important to check
advance.
occasionally to be sure the trailer
bulbs are still working. You must also
check the lights every time you dis-
connect and then reconnect the
wires.
5 18
Driving tips
Do not connect a trailer lighting sys-
Driving on grades
✽ NOTICE
tem directly to your vehicle’s lighting
Reduce speed and shift to a lower
ï When towing a trailer on steep
system. Use only an approved trailer
gear before you start down a long or
grades (in excess of 6%) pay close
wiring harness.
steep downgrade. If you don’t shift
attention to the engine coolant
Your Authorized Kia Dealer can
down, you might have to use your
temperature gauge to ensure the
assist you in installing the wiring har-
brakes so much that they would get
engine does not overheat. If the
ness.
hot and no longer operate efficiently.
needle of the coolant temperature
On a long uphill grade, shift down
gauge moves across the dial
CAUTION
towards “H” (HOT), pull over and
and reduce your speed to around 70
Failure to use an approved trail-
km/h (45 mph) to reduce the possi-
stop as soon as it is safe to do so,
er wiring harness could result in
bility of engine and transaxle over-
and allow the engine to idle until it
damage to the vehicle electrical
heating.
cools down. You may proceed once
system and/or personal injury.
the engine has cooled sufficiently.
If your trailer weighs more than 750
ï Don’t drive over 25 km (15 miles)
kg (1653 lbs.) and you have an auto-
on steep grades
(in more than
matic transaxle, you should drive in
12%) when your trailer weighs
D (Drive) when towing a trailer.
maximum 2100 kg (4630 lbs.). You
Operating your vehicle in D (Drive)
must decide driving speed depend-
when towing a trailer will minimize
ing on trailer weight and uphill
heat buildup and extend the life of
grade to reduce the possibility of
your transaxle.
engine and transaxle overheating.
5 19
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