Volvo V40 (2018 year). Manual — part 16
STARTING AND DRIVING
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* Option/accessory.
279
Start/Stop*
Some engine and gearbox combinations come
fitted with a Start/Stop function which engages
in the event of e.g. stationary traffic or waiting at
traffic lights - the engine is then switched off
temporarily and restarts automatically when the
journey is due to continue.
Environmental care is one of Volvo Car Corpora-
tion's core values and it influences all of our
operations. This target orientation has resulted in
several separate energy-saving functions of
which Start/Stop is one, all with the collective
task of reducing fuel consumption, which in turn
helps to reduce exhaust emissions.
General information on Start/Stop
The engine is switched off - it becomes quieter and
cleaner...
The Start/Stop function gives the driver the
opportunity for a more active environmentally
conscious way of driving the car by means of
being able to allow the engine to stop automati-
cally, whenever appropriate.
The car's menu system MY CAR (p. 113) under
heading
Drive-E
contains information on Volvo's
Start/Stop system, as well as recommendations
for energy-saving driving techniques.
Manual or automatic gearbox
Note that there are differences in the Start/Stop
function depending on whether the gearbox is
manual or automatic.
Related information
•
* - function and operation (p. 279)
•
•
* - the engine does not auto-start
•
* - the engine auto-starts (p. 282)
•
•
* - involuntary stop manual gear-
•
•
Start/Stop* - function and operation
The Start/Stop function is activated automati-
cally when the engine is started with the key.
The Start/Stop function is acti-
vated automatically when the
engine is started with the key.
The driver is made aware of the
function by the function's
On/Off button symbol lighting
up in the combined instrument
panel and the On/Off button
lamp illuminating.
All of the car's normal systems
such as lighting, radio, etc. work as normal even
with an engine that has stopped automatically,
except that some equipment may have the func-
tion temporarily reduced, e.g. the climate control
system's fan speed or extremely high volume on
the audio system.
Auto-stopping the engine
The following is required for the engine to auto-
stop:
||
STARTING AND DRIVING
280
Conditions
M/A
A
Declutch, set the gear lever in neutral
position and release the clutch pedal -
the engine stops automatically.
M
Stop the car with the foot brake and
then keep your foot on the pedal - the
engine stops automatically.
A
A
M = Manual gearbox, A = Automatic gearbox.
If the ECO function is activated
then the engine may auto-stop
before the car is completely
stationary.
For certain engine variants the engine may auto-
stop before the car is stationary regardless of
whether the ECO function is activated.
When the engine is auto-stopped, the
combined instrument panel's symbol
for the Start/Stop function illuminates.
Auto-starting the engine
Conditions
M/A
A
With the gear lever in neutral position:
1. Depress the clutch pedal or press
the accelerator pedal - the engine
starts.
2. Engage a suitable gear and drive.
M
Release the foot pressure on the foot
brake - the engine starts automatically
and the journey can continue.
A
Maintain foot pressure on the foot
brake and depress the accelerator
pedal - the engine auto-starts.
A
The following option is also available on
a downhill gradient:
•
Release the foot brake and let the
car move off - the engine starts
automatically when the speed
exceeds normal walking pace.
M +
A
A
M = Manual gearbox, A = Automatic gearbox.
Deactivating the Start/Stop function
In certain situations, it may
advisable to temporarily switch
off the automatic Start/Stop
function - this is carried out
with a push of this button.
Disengaged function is indicated by
the combined instrument panel's
Start/Stop symbols and the button's
lamp extinguishing.
The Start/Stop function is disengaged until it is
reactivated with the button or until the next time
the engine is started with the key.
Start assistance HSA
The foot brake can also be released on an uphill
slope to auto-start the engine - the HSA (p. 278)
(Hill Start Assist) function prevents the car from
rolling backwards.
HSA means that the pressure in the brake sys-
tem remains temporarily available while the driv-
er's foot is moved from the brake pedal to the
accelerator pedal for driving off with the engine
having stopped automatically. The temporary
braking effect releases after a couple of seconds
or when the driver accelerates.
STARTING AND DRIVING
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* Option/accessory.
281
Related information
•
•
•
* - the engine does not auto-start
•
* - the engine auto-starts (p. 282)
•
•
* - involuntary stop manual gear-
•
•
Start/Stop* - the engine does not
stop
Although the Start/Stop function is activated, the
engine does not always stop automatically.
The engine does not auto-stop if:
Conditions
M/A
A
the car has not first achieved
approx. 10 km/h (6 mph) after a key
start or the last auto-stop.
M +
A
the driver has opened the seatbelt's
buckle.
M +
A
the capacity of the starter battery is
below the minimum permissible level.
M +
A
the engine does not have normal
operating temperature.
M +
A
ambient temperature is around freez-
ing point or above approx. 30 °C.
M +
A
the windscreen's electric heating is
activated.
M +
A
the environment in the passenger
compartment differs from the preset
values
B
- indicated by the ventilation
fan running at a high speed.
M +
A
the car is reversed.
M +
A
Conditions
M/A
A
the starter battery's temperature is
below freezing point or too high.
M +
A
the driver makes greater steering
wheel movements.
M +
A
the exhaust system's particulate filter
is full - the temporarily disengaged
Start/Stop function is reactivated as
soon as an automatic cleaning cycle
has been performed (see Diesel parti-
cle filter (DPF) (p. 300)).
M +
A
the road is very steep.
M +
A
a trailer is connected electrically to the
car’s electrical system.
M +
A
the bonnet has been opened
C
.
M +
A
the gearbox does not have normal
operating temperature.
A
the atmospheric air pressure is less
than equivalent to 1500-2500 metres
above sea level - the current air pres-
sure varies with the prevailing weather
conditions.
A
||
STARTING AND DRIVING
* Option/accessory.
282
Conditions
M/A
A
adaptive cruise control Queue Assist
is activated.
A
the gear selector is moved out of the
D position to R, S position
D
or "+/-".
A
A
M = Manual gearbox, A = Automatic gearbox.
B
Car with ECC.
C
With certain engines only.
D
Sport mode.
Related information
•
•
* - function and operation (p. 279)
•
•
* - the engine does not auto-start
•
* - the engine auto-starts (p. 282)
•
* - involuntary stop manual gear-
•
•
Start/Stop* - the engine auto-starts
An auto-stopped engine may restart in certain
cases without the driver having decided that the
journey should continue.
In the following cases the engine also starts
automatically if the driver has not depressed the
clutch pedal (manual gearbox) or takes his/her
foot off the brake pedal (automatic gearbox):
Conditions
M/A
A
Misting forms on the windows.
M + A
The environment in the passenger
compartment deviates from the preset
values
B
.
M + A
There is a temporarily high current
take-off or battery capacity drops
below the lowest permissible level.
M + A
Repeated pumping of the brake
pedal.
M + A
The bonnet is opened
C
.
M + A
The car starts to roll, or there is a
small increase in speed if the car
auto-stopped without being com-
pletely stationary.
M + A
The driver's seatbelt buckle is opened
with the gear selector in D or N posi-
tion.
A
Conditions
M/A
A
Steering wheel movements
C
.
A
The gear selector is moved out of the
D position to S position
D
, R or "+/-".
A
The driver's door is opened with the
gear selector in D position - a "ping"
sound and text message inform that
the Start/Stop function is active.
A
A
M = Manual gearbox, A = Automatic gearbox.
B
Car with ECC.
C
With certain engines only.
D
Sport mode.
WARNING
Do not open the bonnet when the engine has
stopped automatically - the engine may sud-
denly start automatically. First switch off the
engine as normal using the START/STOP
ENGINE button before opening the bonnet.
Related information
•
* - function and operation (p. 279)
•
•
* - the engine does not auto-start
•
•
STARTING AND DRIVING
* Option/accessory.
283
•
•
•
Start/Stop* - the engine does not
auto-start
The engine does not always auto-start after hav-
ing auto-stopped.
In the following cases the engine does not auto-
start after having auto-stopped:
Conditions
M/A
A
A gear is engaged without declutching
- a display text prompts the driver to
set the gear lever in neutral position in
order to enable automatic starting.
M
The driver is unrestrained.
M
The driver is unrestrained, the gear
selector is in P position and the driver’s
door is open - a normal engine start
must take place.
A
A
M = Manual gearbox, A = Automatic gearbox.
Related information
•
•
* - function and operation (p. 279)
•
•
* - the engine auto-starts (p. 282)
•
•
* - involuntary stop manual gear-
•
•
STARTING AND DRIVING
* Option/accessory.
284
Start/Stop* - involuntary stop
manual gearbox
If a start-up fails and the engine stops, proceed
in accordance with the below:
1. Check that the driver side's seatbelt is locked
in the seatbelt buckle.
2. Depress the clutch pedal again - the engine
starts automatically.
3. In certain cases the gear lever must be set in
neutral position. The combined instrument
panel then shows the text
Put gear in
neutral
.
Related information
•
•
* - function and operation (p. 279)
•
•
* - the engine does not auto-start
•
* - the engine auto-starts (p. 282)
•
•
•
STARTING AND DRIVING
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* Option/accessory.
285
Start/Stop* - symbols and
messages
The Start/Stop function can show text messages
in the combined instrument panel.
Text message
In combination with this indicator lamp
the Start/Stop function may display
text messages in the combined instru-
ment panel for certain situations. For some of
them there is a recommended action that should
be performed. The following table shows some
examples.
Symbol
Message
Info/Action
M/A
A
Auto Start/Stop Service
required
Start/Stop is not operational. Contact a workshop - an authorised Volvo workshop is recommended.
M + A
Autostart Engine running
+
acoustic signal
Activated if the driver's door is opened with auto-stopped engine and the gear selector in D posi-
tion.
A
Press start button
The engine will not start automatically - start the engine as normal with the START/STOP ENGINE
button.
M + A
Depress clutch pedal to start
The engine is ready to auto-start - waiting for the clutch pedal to be depressed.
M
Depress brake and clutch
pedals to start
The engine is ready to auto-start - waiting for the brake or clutch pedal to be depressed.
M
Put gear in neutral to start
Gear is engaged without declutching - disengage and set the gear lever in neutral position.
M
||
STARTING AND DRIVING
* Option/accessory.
286
Symbol
Message
Info/Action
M/A
A
Select P or N to start
Start/Stop has been deactivated - move the gear selector to N or P position and start the engine
as normal with the START/STOP ENGINE button.
A
Press start button
The engine will not start automatically - start the engine as normal with the START/STOP ENGINE
button and the gear selector in P or N.
A
A
M = Manual gearbox, A = Automatic gearbox.
If a message does not go out following comple-
tion of the action then a workshop should be
contacted - an authorised Volvo workshop is rec-
ommended.
Related information
•
•
* - function and operation (p. 279)
•
•
* - the engine does not auto-start
•
* - the engine auto-starts (p. 282)
•
•
* - involuntary stop manual gear-
•
STARTING AND DRIVING
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* Option/accessory.
287
Drive mode ECO*
ECO
5
is an innovative Volvo function for auto-
matic-gearbox cars, capable of reducing fuel
consumption by up to 5%, depending on the
driver's driving style. The function gives the driver
the option of a more active environmentally con-
scious way of driving.
General
The following are changed
upon activation of the ECO
function:
•
Gearbox gearshift points.
•
Engine management and response from the
accelerator pedal.
•
Start/Stop function - the engine can also
auto-stop before the car has stopped down
to being completely stationary.
•
The Eco Coast function is activated - engine
braking ceases.
•
Climate control system settings - some elec-
tricity consumers are deactivated or operate
at reduced power.
When the ECO function is activated, several
parameters in the climate control system's
settings are changed, and several electricity
consumer functions are reduced. Certain set-
tings can be reset manually, but full function-
ality is only restored by deactivating the ECO
function.
ECO - Operation
ECO On/Off
ECO symbol
The ECO function is deactivated when the engine
is switched off, and must therefore be activated
after each time the engine is started. There are
exceptions for certain engines. However, it is
easily verified by means of both the combined
instrument panel's
ECO
symbol and the ECO-
button's lamp illuminating when the function is
activated.
ECO function On or Off
Disengaged ECO function is
indicated by the combined
instrument panel
ECO
symbol
and the ECO button lamp extin-
guishing. The function is then
switched off until it is reactiva-
ted with the ECO button.
Eco Coast - Function
The Eco Coast subfunction means in practice
that engine braking is deactivated, meaning in
turn that the car's kinetic energy is used to coast
for longer distances. When the driver releases
the accelerator pedal the gearbox is automatically
disengaged from the engine whose speed is
reduced to idling speed with minimum consump-
tion.
This function is intended for use in the event of
an anticipated reduction in speed, e.g. to coast
into a zone with a lower speed limit.
Eco Coast enables proactive driving where the
driver can use the so-called "Pulse & Glide"
technique and a minimum of braking.
5
Not possible on the V40 CROSS COUNTRY with AWD.
||
STARTING AND DRIVING
288
A combination of Eco Coast and temporarily
deactivated ECO function can also collectively
contribute to reduced consumption. Accordingly:
•
Active Eco Coast: Long coasting without
engine braking = Low consumption
and
•
Deactivated ECO function: Short coasting
with engine braking = Minimum consump-
tion.
However, to achieve optimal low fuel con-
sumption, Eco Coast in combination with
short coasting distances should generally be
avoided.
Activating Eco Coast
The function is activated when the accelerator
pedal is fully released, in combination with the
following parameters:
•
ECO button activated
•
Gear selector in D position
•
Speed within the range of
approx. 65-140 km/h (40-87 mph)
•
The road's downhill gradient is not steeper
than approx. 6%.
Deactivate Eco Coast
In certain situations it may be desirable to deacti-
vate the Eco Coast function. Examples of such
situations include:
•
on steep downhill gradients - to be able to
use engine braking.
•
before an imminent overtaking manoeuvre -
in order to be able to complete it in the saf-
est possible way.
Deactivating Eco Coast and returning to engine
braking can be performed as follows:
•
Press the ECO button.
•
Move the gear lever to manual "S+/-" posi-
tion.
•
Change gear with the steering wheel paddle
shifters.
•
Actuate the accelerator or brake pedal.
Eco Coast - Limitations
The function is not available if:
•
cruise control is activated
•
the road's downhill gradient is steeper than
approx. 6%
•
manual gear changing is performed with the
steering wheel paddle shifters
*
•
engine and/or gearbox are not at normal
operating temperature
•
the gear selector is moved from D- to "S+/-"
position
•
speed is outside the range of
approx. 65-140 km/h (40-87 mph).
More information and settings
The car's menu system MY CAR contains further
information on the ECO concept - see the sec-
tion MY CAR (p. 113).
Related information
•
STARTING AND DRIVING
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* Option/accessory.
289
Foot brake
The foot brake is part of the brake system.
The car is equipped with two brake circuits. If a
brake circuit is damaged then the brake pedal will
engage deeper and a higher pressure on the
pedal is needed to produce the normal braking
effect.
The driver's brake pedal pressure is assisted by a
brake servo.
WARNING
The brake servo only works when the engine
is running.
If the brake is used when the engine is switched
off then the pedal will feel stiff and more force
must be used to brake the car.
For cars with the Hill start assist (HSA)
function, the pedal returns more slowly than
usual to normal position if the car is parked on a
gradient or on an uneven surface.
In very hilly terrain or when driving with a heavy
load the brakes can be relieved by using engine
braking. Engine braking is most efficiently used if
the same gear is used downhill as up.
For more general information on heavy loads on
the car, Engine oil - adverse driving conditions
(p. 389).
Braking on wet roads
When driving for a long time in heavy rain without
braking, the braking effect may be delayed
slightly when next using the brakes. This may
also be the case after a car wash. It is then nec-
essary to depress the brake harder. For this rea-
son, maintain a greater distance to the traffic
ahead.
Brake the car firmly after driving on wet roads
and after a car wash. The brake discs are then
warmed up, dry more quickly and are protected
against corrosion. Take the prevailing traffic sit-
uation into account when braking.
Braking on salted roads
When driving on salted roads a layer of salt may
form on the brake discs and brake linings. This
may extend braking distance. For this reason,
keep an extra-large safety distance to the vehicle
ahead. Also make sure of the following:
•
Brake occasionally to remove any layer of
salt. Make sure that other road users are not
put at risk by the braking.
•
Gently depress the brake pedal when driving
is finished and before the next journey starts.
Maintenance
To keep the car as safe and reliable as possible,
follow the Volvo service intervals as specified in
the Service and Warranty Booklet.
New and replaced brake linings and brake discs
do not provide optimal braking effect until they
have been "worn in" a few hundred kilometres.
Compensate for the reduced braking effect by
depressing the brake pedal harder. Volvo recom-
mends only fitting brake linings that are approved
for your Volvo.
The wear on the brake system's components
must be checked regularly.
Contact a workshop for information about the
procedure or engage a workshop to carry out
the inspection - an authorised Volvo work-
shop is recommended.
Symbols in the combined instrument
panel
Symbol
Specification
Constant glow – Check the brake
fluid level. If the level is low, fill with
brake fluid and check for the cause
of the brake fluid loss.
Constant glow for 2 seconds when
the engine is started – automatic
function check.
||
STARTING AND DRIVING
290
WARNING
If
and
illuminate at the same
time, there may be a fault in the brake system.
If the level in the brake fluid reservoir is nor-
mal at this stage, drive carefully to the nearest
workshop and have the brake system checked
- an authorised Volvo workshop is recom-
mended.
If the brake fluid is below the MIN level in the
brake fluid reservoir, do not drive further
before topping up the brake fluid.
The reason for the loss of brake fluid must be
investigated.
Related information
•
•
Foot brake - emergency brake lights and
automatic hazard warning flashers (p. 290)
•
Foot brake - emergency brake assistance
(p. 291)
•
Foot brake - anti-lock braking system
(p. 290)
Foot brake - anti-lock braking
system
The anti-lock braking system, ABS (Anti-lock
Braking System), prevents the wheels from lock-
ing up during braking.
The function allows the steering ability to be
maintained, and it is easier to swerve to avoid a
hazard for example. Vibration may be felt in the
brake pedal when this is engaged and this is nor-
mal.
A short test of the ABS system is made automat-
ically after the engine has been started when the
driver releases the brake pedal. A further auto-
matic test of the ABS system may be made at
low speed. The test may be experienced as pul-
ses in the brake pedal.
Related information
•
•
•
Foot brake - emergency brake lights and
automatic hazard warning flashers (p. 290)
•
Foot brake - emergency brake assistance
(p. 291)
Foot brake - emergency brake lights
and automatic hazard warning
flashers
Emergency brake lights are activated to alert
vehicles behind about heavy braking. The func-
tion means that the brake light flashes instead of
- as in normal braking - shining with a constant
glow.
Emergency brake lights are activated at speeds
above 50 km/h (31 mph) if the ABS system is
working and/or in the event of heavy braking.
After the car's speed has been slowed below
10 km/h (6 mph) the brake light returns from
flashing to the normal constant glow - while at
the same time the hazard warning flashers(p. 99)
are activated, and they flash until the driver accel-
erates the car to at least 20 km/h (12 mph) or
they are deactivated with their button.
Related information
•
•
•
Foot brake - emergency brake assistance
(p. 291)
•
STARTING AND DRIVING
}}
291
Foot brake - emergency brake
assistance
Emergency brake assistance EBA (Emergency
Brake Assist) helps to increase the braking force
and so reduce the braking distance.
EBA detects the driver's braking style and increa-
ses the braking force when necessary. The brake
force can be reinforced up to the level when the
ABS system is engaged. The EBA function is
interrupted when the pressure on the brake pedal
is reduced.
When EBA is activated the brake pedal low-
ers slightly more than usual, depress (hold)
the brake pedal as long as necessary. If the
brake pedal is released then all braking
ceases.
Related information
•
•
•
Foot brake - emergency brake lights and
automatic hazard warning flashers (p. 290)
•
Foot brake - anti-lock braking system
(p. 290)
Parking brake
The parking brake prevents the car from rolling
away from stationary by means of mechanically
locking/blocking two wheels.
WARNING
Always apply the parking brake when parking
on a slope - leaving the car in gear, or in P if it
has automatic transmission, is not sufficient
to hold the car in all situations.
Combined instrument panel warning symbol.
Applying the parking brake
1. Press the foot brake pedal down firmly.
2. Pull the lever firmly.
>
The combined instrument panel
warning symbol comes on. The warning
symbol illuminates regardless of whether
the parking brake is applied gently or
firmly.
3. Release the foot brake pedal and make sure
that the car is at a standstill position.
4. If the vehicle moves then the parking brake
lever must be applied at least a little more
firmly.
When parking the vehicle, always engage 1st
gear (for manual gearbox) or put the gear selec-
tor in position P (for automatic gearbox).
Parking on a hill
If the car is parked facing uphill:
•
Turn the wheels away from the kerb.
If the car is parked facing downhill:
•
Turn the wheels towards the kerb.
Disengaging the parking brake
1. Press the foot brake pedal down firmly.
2. Pull the lever up slightly, press the button,
release the lever and release the button.
> The combined instrument panel warning
symbol goes off.
If the driver forgets to release the parking brake –
in addition to the illuminated warning lamp – a
pinging sound combined with a message in the
||
STARTING AND DRIVING
292
combined instrument panel alerts the driver of
this when the car's speed exceeds 10 km/h
(6 mph).
Related information
•
Driving in water
Driving in water means that the car is driven
through deep water on a water-covered road-
way. Fording must be carried out with great cau-
tion.
The car can be driven through water at a maxi-
mum depth of 25 cm at a maximum speed of
walking pace. Extra caution must be exercised
when passing through flowing water.
During driving in water, maintain a low speed and
do not stop the car. When the water has been
passed, depress the brake pedal lightly and
check that full brake function is achieved. Water
and mud for example can make the brake linings
wet resulting in delayed brake function.
•
If necessary, clean the contacts for the elec-
tric heater and trailer coupling after driving in
water and mud.
•
Do not let the car stand with water over the
sills for any long period of time - this could
cause electrical malfunctions.
Engine damage can occur if water enters the
air filter.
In depths greater than 25 cm, water could
enter the transmission. This reduces the lubri-
cating ability of the oils and shortens the
service life of these systems.
Damage to any component, engine, transmis-
sion, turbocharger, differential or its internal
components caused by flooding, hydrostatic
locking or oil shortage, is not covered by the
warranty.
In the event of the engine stalling in water, do
not try restart - tow the car from the water to
a workshop - an authorised Volvo workshop is
recommended. Risk of engine breakdown.
Related information
•
•
STARTING AND DRIVING
293
Overheating
Under special conditions, for example hard driv-
ing in hilly terrain and hot climate, there is a risk
that the engine and drive system may overheat -
in particular with a heavy load.
For information about overheating when driving
with a trailer, see Driving with a trailer (p. 302).
•
Remove any auxiliary lamps from in front of
the grille when driving in hot climates.
•
If the temperature in the engine's cooling
system is too high then a warning symbol is
illuminated and a text message
High engine
temperature Stop safely
is shown in the
combined instrument panel's information dis-
play - stop the car in a safe way and allow
the engine to run at idling speed for several
minutes in order to cool down.
•
If the text message
High engine
temperature Turn off engine
or
Engine
coolant level low Stop safely
is shown
then the engine must be switched off after
stopping the car.
•
In the event of overheating in the gearbox a
built-in protection function is activated, which
is indicated in the combined instrument
panel with a warning symbol and the text
message
Transmission hot Reduce
speed
or
Transmission hot Stop safely
Wait for cooling
- follow the recommenda-
tion given and lower the speed and stop the
car in a safe way and allow the engine to run
at idling speed for a few minutes in order to
allow the gearbox to cool down.
•
If the car overheats, the air conditioning may
be switched off temporarily.
•
Do not turn the engine off immediately you
stop after a hard drive.
It is normal for the engine's cooling fan to
operate for a time after the engine has been
switched off.
Related information
•
Driving with a trailer - manual gearbox
(p. 303)
•
Driving with a trailer - automatic gearbox
(p. 304)
Driving with open tailgate
When driving with the tailgate open, toxic
exhaust fumes can be sucked into the car
through the cargo area.
WARNING
Do not drive with an open tailgate! Toxic
exhaust fumes could be drawn into the car
through the cargo area.
Related information
•
STARTING AND DRIVING
* Option/accessory.
294
Overload - starter battery
The electrical functions in the car load the starter
battery to varying degrees. Avoid using the key
position
II when the engine is switched off.
Instead use the
I mode - which uses less power,
see Key positions - functions at different levels
(p. 81).
Also, be aware of different accessories that load
the electrical system. Do not use functions which
use a lot of power when the engine is switched
off. Examples of such functions are:
•
ventilation fan
•
headlamps
•
windscreen wiper
•
audio system (high volume).
If the battery voltage is low the information dis-
play shows the text
Low battery charge Power
save mode
. The energy-saving function then
shuts down certain functions or reduces certain
functions such as the ventilation fan and/or
audio system.
–
In which case, charge the starter battery by
starting the engine and then running it for at
least 15 minutes - battery charging is more
effective during driving than running the
engine at idling speed while stationary.
Related information
•
Starter battery - general (p. 358)
Before a long journey
Before a long journey, it makes good sense to
go through the following points:
•
Check that the engine is working normally
and that fuel consumption (p. 398) is nor-
mal.
•
Make sure that there are no leaks (fuel, oil or
other fluid).
•
Check all bulbs and tyre tread depths.
•
Carrying a warning triangle (p. 325) is a
legal requirement in certain countries.
Related information
•
Engine oil - checking and filling (p. 343)
•
•
Lamp replacement - general (p. 347)
Winter driving
For winter driving it is important to perform cer-
tain checks in order to ensure that the car can
be driven safely.
To bear in mind:
Check the following in particular before the cold
season:
•
The engine coolant (p. 392) must contain
50% glycol. This mixture protects the engine
against frost erosion down to
approximately –35 °C. To avoid health risks,
different types of glycol must not be mixed.
•
The fuel tank must be kept filled to prevent
condensation.
•
Engine oil viscosity is important. Oils with
lower viscosity (thinner oils) facilitate starting
in cold weather and also reduce fuel con-
sumption while the engine is cold. For more
information on suitable oils, see Engine oil -
adverse driving conditions (p. 389).
Low viscosity oil must not be used for hard
driving or in hot weather.
•
The condition of the battery and charge level
must be inspected. Cold weather places
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