Fiat Freemont (2016 year). Instruction — part 24

WARNING!

Overloading of your tires is dangerous.
Overloading can cause tire failure, af-

fect vehicle handling, and increase your stopping
distance. Use tires of the recommended load
capacity for your vehicle. Never overload them.

TIRES — GENERAL INFORMATION

TIRE PRESSURE

Proper tire inflation pressure is essential to the safe and
satisfactory operation of your vehicle. Four primary
areas are affected by improper tire pressure:

• Safety and Vehicle Stability

• Economy

• Tread Wear

• Ride Comfort

Safety

WARNING!

• Improperly inflated tires are danger-
ous and can cause collisions.

• Under-inflation increases tire flexing and can
result in overheating and tire failure.
• Over-inflation reduces a tire's ability to cush-
ion shock. Objects on the road and chuckholes
can cause damage that result in tire failure.
• Overinflated or under-inflated tires can affect
vehicle handling and can fail suddenly, resulting
in loss of vehicle control.

(Continued)

369

WARNING! (Continued)

• Unequal tire pressures can cause steering
problems.You could lose control of your vehicle.
• Unequal tire pressures from one side of the
vehicle to the other can cause the vehicle to drift
to the right or left.
• Always drive with each tire inflated to the
recommended cold tire inflation pressure.

Both under-inflation and over-inflation affect the stabil-
ity of the vehicle and can produce a feeling of sluggish
response or over responsiveness in the steering.

NOTE:

• Unequal tire pressures from side to side may cause

erratic and unpredictable steering response.

• Unequal tire pressure from side to side may cause

the vehicle to drift left or right.

Economy

Underinflated tires will increase tire rolling resistance
resulting in higher fuel consumption.

Tread Wear

Improper cold tire inflation pressures can cause abnor-
mal wear patterns and reduced tread life, resulting in
the need for earlier tire replacement.

Ride Comfort And Vehicle Stability

Proper tire inflation contributes to a comfortable ride.
Over-inflation produces a jarring and uncomfortable
ride.

TIRE INFLATION PRESSURES

The proper cold tire inflation pressure is listed on the
driver's side B-Pillar or rear edge of the driver's side
door.

At least once a month:

• Check and adjust tire pressure with a good quality

pocket-type pressure gauge. Do not make a visual
judgement when determining proper inflation. Tires
may look properly inflated even when they are under-
inflated.

• Inspect tires for signs of tire wear or visible damage.

After inspecting or adjusting the tire
pressure, always reinstall the valve stem
cap. This will prevent moisture and dirt

from entering the valve stem, which could damage
the valve stem.

Inflation pressures specified on the placard are always
“cold tire inflation pressure.” Cold tire inflation pres-
sure is defined as the tire pressure after the vehicle has
not been driven for at least three hours, or driven less
than 1.6 km after sitting for a minimum of three hours.

370

The cold tire inflation pressure must not exceed the
maximum inflation pressure molded into the tire side-
wall.

Check tire pressures more often if subject to a wide
range of outdoor temperatures, as tire pressures vary
with temperature changes.

Tire pressures change by approximately 0.07 bar per
7°C of air temperature change. Keep this in mind when
checking tire pressure inside a garage, especially in the
winter.

Example: If garage temperature = 20°C and the outside
temperature = 0°C then the cold tire inflation pressure
should be increased by 0.21 bar, which equals 0.07 bar
for every 7°C for this outside temperature condition.

Tire pressure may increase from 0.13 to 0.4 bar during
operation. DO NOT reduce this normal pressure build
up or your tire pressure will be too low.

TIRE PRESSURES FOR HIGH SPEED
OPERATION

The manufacturer advocates driving at safe speeds and
within posted speed limits. Where speed limits or
conditions are such that the vehicle can be driven at
high speeds, maintaining correct tire inflation pressure
is very important. Increased tire pressure and reduced
vehicle loading may be required for high-speed vehicle
operation. Refer to your authorized tire dealer or

original equipment vehicle dealer for recommended
safe operating speeds, loading and cold tire inflation
pressures.

WARNING!

High speed driving with your vehicle un-
der maximum load is dangerous. The

added strain on your tires could cause them to
fail. You could have a serious collision. Do not
drive a vehicle loaded to the maximum capacity
at continuous speeds above 120 km/h.

TIRE TYPES

All Season Tires (for versions/markets, where
provided)

All Season tires provide traction for all seasons (spring,
summer, fall and winter). Traction levels may vary
between different all season tires. All season tires can
be identified by the M+S, M&S, M/S or MS designation
on the tire sidewall. Use all season tires only in sets of
four; failure to do so may adversely affect the safety and
handling of your vehicle.

371

Summer Or Three Season Tires (for
versions/markets, where provided)

Summer tires provide traction in both wet and dry
conditions, and are not intended to be driven in snow
or on ice. If your vehicle is equipped with summer tires,
be aware these tires are not designed for winter or cold
driving conditions. Install winter tires on your vehicle
when ambient temperatures are less than 5°C or if
roads are covered with ice or snow. For more informa-
tion, contact an authorized dealer.

Summer tires do not contain the all season designation
or mountain/snowflake symbol on the tire sidewall.
Use summer tires only in sets of four; failure to do so
may adversely affect the safety and handling of your
vehicle.

WARNING!

Do not use summer tires in snow/ice
conditions.You could lose vehicle control,

resulting in severe injury or death. Driving too
fast for conditions also creates the possibility of
loss of vehicle control.

Snow Tires

Some areas of the country require the use of snow
tires during the winter. Snow tires can be identified by
a “mountain/snowflake” symbol on the tire sidewall.

If you need snow tires, select tires
equivalent in size and type to the
original equipment tires. Use snow
tires only in sets of four; failure to do
so may adversely affect the safety and
handling of your vehicle.

Snow tires generally have lower speed ratings than
what was originally equipped with your vehicle and
should not be operated at sustained speeds over
120 km/h. For speeds above 120 km/h refer to original
equipment or an authorized tire dealer for recom-
mended safe operating speeds, loading and cold tire
inflation pressures.

While studded tires improve performance on ice, skid
and traction capability on wet or dry surfaces may be
poorer than that of non-studded tires. Some states
prohibit studded tires; therefore, local laws should be
checked before using these tire types.

372

RUN FLAT TIRES (for versions/markets,
where provided)

Run Flat tires allow you the capability to drive 80 km at
80 km/h after a rapid loss of inflation pressure. This
rapid loss of inflation is referred to as the Run Flat
mode. A Run Flat mode occurs when the tire inflation
pressure is of/or below 0.96 bar. Once a Run Flat tire
reaches the run flat mode it has limited driving capa-
bilities and needs to be replaced immediately. A Run
Flat tire is not repairable.

It is not recommended driving a vehicle loaded at full
capacity or to tow a trailer while a tire is in the run flat
mode.

See the tire pressure monitoring section for more
information.

SPARE TIRES (for versions/markets, where
provided)

NOTE: For vehicles equipped with Tire Service Kit
instead of a spare tire, please refer to “Tire Service Kit”
in “What To Do In Emergencies” for further informa-
tion.

Because of the reduced ground clear-
ance, do not take your vehicle through an
automatic car wash with a compact, full

size or limited-use temporary spare installed.
Damage to the vehicle may result.

Spare Tire Matching Original Equipped Tire
And Wheel (for versions/markets, where
provided)

Your vehicle may be equipped with a spare tire and
wheel equivalent in look and function to the original
equipment tire and wheel found on the front or rear
axle of your vehicle. This spare tire may be used in the
tire rotation for your vehicle. If your vehicle has this
option, refer to an authorized tire dealer for the
recommended tire rotation pattern.

373

Compact Spare Tire (for versions/markets,
where provided)

The compact spare is for temporary emergency use
only. You can identify if your vehicle is equipped with a
compact spare by looking at the spare tire description
on the Tire and Loading Information Placard located on
the driver’s side door opening or on the sidewall of the
tire. Compact spare tire descriptions begin with the
letter “T” or “S” preceding the size designation. Ex-
ample: T145/80D18 103M.

T, S = Temporary Spare Tire

Since this tire has limited tread life, the original equip-
ment tire should be repaired (or replaced) and rein-
stalled on your vehicle at the first opportunity.

Do not install a wheel cover or attempt to mount a
conventional tire on the compact spare wheel, since
the wheel is designed specifically for the compact spare
tire. Do not install more than one compact spare tire
and wheel on the vehicle at any given time.

WARNING!

Compact spares are for temporary
emergency use only. With these spares,

do not drive more than 80 km/h.Temporary use
spares have limited tread life.When the tread is
worn to the tread wear indicators, the temporary
use spare tire needs to be replaced. Be sure to
follow the warnings, which apply to your spare.
Failure to do so could result in spare tire failure
and loss of vehicle control.

Full Size Spare (for versions/markets, where
provided)

The full size spare is for temporary emergency use only.
This tire may look like the originally equipped tire on
the front or rear axle of your vehicle, but it is not. This
spare tire may have limited tread life. When the tread is
worn to the tread wear indicators, the temporary use
full size spare tire needs to be replaced. Since it is not
the same as your original equipment tire, replace (or
repair) the original equipment tire and reinstall on the
vehicle at the first opportunity.

374

Limited-Use Spare (for versions/markets,
where provided)

The limited-use spare tire is for temporary emergency
use only. This tire is identified by a label located on the
limited-use spare wheel. This label contains the driving
limitations for this spare. This tire may look like the
original equipped tire on the front or rear axle of your
vehicle, but it is not. Installation of this limited-use
spare tire affects vehicle handling. Since it is not the
same as your original equipment tire, replace (or re-
pair) the original equipment tire and reinstall on the
vehicle at the first opportunity.

WARNING!

Limited-use spares are for emergency
use only. Installation of this limited-use

spare tire affects vehicle handling.With this tire,
do not drive more than the speed listed on the
limit-use spare wheel. Keep inflated to the cold
tire inflation pressures listed on your Tire and
Loading Information Placard located on the driv-
er’s side B-Pillar or the rear edge of the driver’s
side door. Replace (or repair) the original equip-
ment tire at the first opportunity and reinstall it
on your vehicle. Failure to do so could result in
loss of vehicle control.

TIRE SPINNING

When stuck in mud, sand, snow, or ice conditions, do
not spin your vehicle's wheels above 48 km/h or for
longer than 30 seconds continuously without stopping.

Refer to “Freeing A Stuck Vehicle” in “In an emer-
gency” for further information.

WARNING!

Fast spinning tires can be dangerous.
Forces generated by excessive wheel

speeds may cause tire damage or failure. A tire
could explode and injure someone. Do not spin
your vehicle's wheels faster than 48 km/h for
more than 30 seconds continuously when you are
stuck, and do not let anyone near a spinning
wheel, no matter what the speed.

375

TREAD WEAR INDICATORS

Tread wear indicators are in the original equipment
tires to help you in determining when your tires should
be replaced.

(fig. 210)

These indicators are molded into the bottom of the
tread grooves. They will appear as bands when the
tread depth becomes 2 mm. When the tread is worn to
the tread wear indicators, the tire should be replaced.
Refer to “Replacement Tires” in this section for further
information.

LIFE OF TIRE

The service life of a tire is dependent upon varying
factors including, but not limited to:

• Driving style

• Tire pressure - Improper cold tire inflation pressures

can cause uneven wear patterns to develop across
the tire tread. These abnormal wear patterns will
reduce tread life, resulting in the need for earlier tire
replacement.

• Distance driven

• Performance tires, tires with a speed rating of V or

higher, and summer tires typically have a reduced
tread life. Rotation of these tires per the vehicle
maintenance schedule is highly recommended.

WARNING!

Tires and the spare tire should be re-
placed after six years, regardless of the

remaining tread. Failure to follow this warning
can result in sudden tire failure. You could lose
control and have a collision resulting in serious
injury or death.

Keep dismounted tires in a cool, dry place with as little
exposure to light as possible. Protect tires from con-
tact with oil, grease, and gasoline.

(fig. 210)

1 — Worn Tire
2 — New Tire

376

REPLACEMENT TIRES

The tires on your new vehicle provide a balance of
many characteristics. They should be inspected regu-
larly for wear and correct cold tire inflation pressures.
The manufacturer strongly recommends that you use
tires equivalent to the originals in size, quality and
performance when replacement is needed. Refer to the
paragraph on “Tread Wear Indicator.” Refer to the Tire
and Loading Information placard or the Vehicle Certi-
fication Label for the size designation of your tire. The
Load Index and Speed Symbol for your tire will be
found on the original equipment tire sidewall. See the
Tire Sizing Chart example found in the Tire Safety
Information section of this instruction for more informa-
tion relating to the Load Index and Speed Symbol of a
tire.

It is recommended to replace the two front tires or
two rear tires as a pair. Replacing just one tire can
seriously affect your vehicle’s handling. If you ever
replace a wheel, make sure that the wheel’s specifica-
tions match those of the original wheels.

It is recommended you contact your authorized tire
dealer or original equipment dealer with any questions
you may have on tire specifications or capability. Failure
to use equivalent replacement tires may adversely af-
fect the safety, handling, and ride of your vehicle.

WARNING!

• Do not use a tire, wheel size or rating
other than that specified for your ve-

hicle. Some combinations of unapproved tires
and wheels may change suspension dimensions
and performance characteristics, resulting in
changes to steering, handling, and braking of your
vehicle. This can cause unpredictable handling
and stress to steering and suspension compo-
nents.You could lose control and have a collision
resulting in serious injury or death. Use only the
tire and wheel sizes with load ratings approved
for your vehicle.
• Never use a tire with a smaller load index or
capacity, other

than

what

was

originally

equipped on your vehicle. Using a tire with a
smaller load index could result in tire overloading
and failure. You could lose control and have a
collision.

(Continued)

377

WARNING! (Continued)

• Failure to equip your vehicle with tires having
adequate speed capability can result in sudden
tire failure and loss of vehicle control.

Replacing original tires with tires of a
different size may result in false speed-
ometer and odometer readings.

TIRE CHAINS (TRACTION DEVICES)

Use of traction devices require sufficient tire-to-body
clearance. Follow these recommendations to guard
against damage.

• Traction device must be of proper size for the tire, as

recommended by the traction device manufacturer.

• Install on Front Tires Only.

• Due to limited clearance, on a 225/65R17 102H tire,

use reduced size snow chains or traction devices
with a maximum projection of 6 mm beyond the tire
profile.

WARNING!

Using tires of different size and type
(M+S, Snow) between front and rear

axles can cause unpredictable handling.You could
lose control and have a collision.

378

To avoid damage to your vehicle or tires,
observe the following precautions:
• Because of restricted traction device

clearance between tires and other suspension
components, it is important that only traction
devices in good condition are used. Broken devices
can cause serious damage. Stop the vehicle imme-
diately if noise occurs that could indicate device
breakage. Remove the damaged parts of the de-
vice before further use.
• Install device as tightly as possible and then
retighten after driving about 0.8 km.
• Do not exceed 48 km/h.
• Drive cautiously and avoid severe turns and
large bumps, especially with a loaded vehicle.
• Do not drive for a prolonged period on dry
pavement.
• Observe the traction device manufacturer’s in-
structions on the method of installation, operat-
ing speed, and conditions for use. Always use the
suggested operating speed of the device manufac-
turer’s if it is less than 48 km/h.
• Do not use traction devices on a compact spare
tire.

FUEL REQUIREMENTS — GASOLINE
ENGINE

All engines are designed to meet all emissions regula-
tions and provide excellent fuel economy and perfor-
mance when using high quality unleaded gasoline with a
minimum Research Octane Number (RON) of 91.

Light spark knock at low engine speeds is not harmful
to your engine. However, continued heavy spark knock
at high speeds can cause damage and immediate service
is required. Poor quality gasoline can cause problems
such as hard starting, stalling, and hesitations. If you
experience these symptoms, try another brand of
gasoline before considering service for the vehicle.

Over 40 auto manufacturer's world wide have issued
and endorsed consistent gasoline specifications (the
Worldwide Fuel Charter, WWFC) which define fuel
properties necessary to deliver enhanced emissions,
performance, and durability for your vehicle. The
manufacturer recommends the use of gasoline that
meets the WWFC specifications if they are available.

Besides using unleaded gasoline with the proper octane
rating, gasolines that contain detergents, corrosion and
stability additives are recommended. Using gasolines
that have these additives may help improve fuel
economy, reduce emissions, and maintain vehicle per-
formance.

379

Poor quality gasoline can cause problems such as hard
starting, stalling and stumble. If you experience these
problems, try another brand of gasoline before consid-
ering service for the vehicle.

CLEAN AIR GASOLINE

Many gasolines are now being blended to contribute to
cleaner air, especially in those areas where air pollution
levels are high. These new blends provide a cleaner
burning fuel and some are referred to as “reformulated
gasoline.”

The manufacturer supports these efforts toward
cleaner air. You can help by using these blends as they
become available.

MMT IN GASOLINE

MMT is a manganese containing metallic additive that is
blended into some gasoline to increase octane. Gaso-
line blended with MMT provides no performance ad-
vantage beyond gasoline of the same octane number
without MMT. Gasoline blended with MMT reduces

spark plug life and reduces emission system perfor-
mance in some vehicles. The manufacturer recom-
mends that gasoline without MMT be used in your
vehicle. The MMT content of gasoline may not be
indicated on the gasoline pump; therefore, you should
ask your gasoline retailer whether or not his/her gaso-
line contains MMT.

MATERIALS ADDED TO FUEL

Besides using unleaded gasoline with the proper octane
rating, gasolines that contain detergents, corrosion and
stability additives are recommended. Using gasolines
that have these additives will help improve fuel
economy, reduce emissions, and maintain vehicle per-
formance.

Indiscriminate use of fuel system cleaning agents should
be avoided. Many of these materials intended for gum
and varnish removal may contain active solvents or
similar ingredients. These can harm fuel system gasket
and diaphragm materials.

380

WARNING!

Carbon monoxide (CO) in exhaust gases
is deadly. Follow the precautions below

to prevent carbon monoxide poisoning:
• Do not inhale exhaust gases.They contain car-
bon monoxide, a colorless and odorless gas which
can kill. Never run the engine in a closed area,
such as a garage, and never sit in a parked vehicle
with the engine running for an extended period.
If the vehicle is stopped in an open area with the
engine running for more than a short period,
adjust the ventilation system to force fresh, out-
side air into the vehicle.
• Guard against carbon monoxide with proper
maintenance. Have the exhaust system inspected
every time the vehicle is raised. Have any abnor-
mal conditions repaired promptly. Until re-
paired, drive with all side windows fully open.
• Keep the liftgate closed when driving your ve-
hicle to prevent carbon monoxide and other poi-
sonous exhaust gases from entering the vehicle.

FLEXIBLE FUEL — 3.6L ENGINE
ONLY (for versions/markets where
provided)

E-85 GENERAL INFORMATION

The information in this section is for Flexible Fuel
vehicles only. These vehicles may be identified by a
unique fuel filler door label that states Ethanol (E-85)
or Unleaded Gasoline Only. This section only cov-
ers those subjects that are unique to these vehicles.
Please refer to the other sections of this instruction for
information on features that are common between
Flexible Fuel and gasoline-only powered vehicles.

(fig. 211) (fig. 212)

(fig. 211)

E-85 Fuel Cap

381

ETHANOL FUEL (E-85)

E-85 is a mixture of approximately 85% fuel ethanol
and 15% unleaded gasoline.

WARNING!

Ethanol vapors are extremely flam-
mable and could cause serious personal

injury. Never have any smoking materials lit in or
near the vehicle when removing the fuel filler
tube cap (gas cap) or filling the tank. Do not use
E-85 as a cleaning agent and never use it near an
open flame.

FUEL REQUIREMENTS

Your vehicle will operate on both unleaded gasoline
with a minimum Research Octane Number (RON) of
91, or E-85 fuel, or any mixture of these two. For best
results, a refueling pattern that alternates between
E-85 and unleaded gasoline should be avoided.

When you do switch fuel types it is recommended that:

• You do not add less than 19 Liters when refueling.

• You operate the vehicle immediately after refueling

for a period of at least 5 minutes.

Observing these precautions will avoid possible hard
starting and/or significant deterioration in driveability
during warm up.

NOTE:

• When the ambient temperature is above 32° C, you

may experience hard starting and rough idle follow-
ing start up even if the above recommendations are
followed.

• Some additives used in regular gasoline are not fully

compatible with E-85 and may form deposits in your
engine. To eliminate driveability issues that may be
caused by these deposits, a supplemental gasoline
additive may be used.

(fig. 212)

E-85 Badge

382

SELECTION OF ENGINE OIL FOR FLEXIBLE
FUEL VEHICLES (E-85) AND GASOLINE
VEHICLES

FFV vehicles operated on E-85 require specially formu-
lated engine oils. These special requirements are in-
cluded in SELENIA K POWER fully synthetic engine
oils, and in equivalent oils meeting FIAT Qualification
9.55535-CR1 API SN, ILSAC GF-5. The manufacturer
only recommends engine oils that are API Certified and
meet the requirements of FIAT Qualification 9.55535-
CR1 API SN, ILSAC GF-5 that contain additional re-
quirements, developed during extensive fleet testing,
to provide additional protection for your engine. Use
SELENIA K POWER fully synthetic engine oils or an
equivalent oil meeting the requirements of FIAT Quali-
fication 9.55535-CR1 API SN, ILSAC GF-5.

STARTING

The characteristics of E-85 fuel make it unsuitable for
use when ambient temperatures fall below -18°C. In
the range of -18°C to 0°C, you may experience an
increase in the time it takes for your engine to start,
and a deterioration in driveability (sags and/or hesita-
tions) until the engine is fully warmed up.

NOTE: Use of the engine block heater (if equipped) is
beneficial for E-85 startability when the ambient tem-
perature is less than 0°C.

CRUISING RANGE

Because E-85 fuel contains less energy per liter than
gasoline, you will experience an increase in fuel con-
sumption. You can expect your kilometers per liter and
your driving range to decrease by about 30%, com-
pared to gasoline operation.

REPLACEMENT PARTS

Many components in your Flexible Fuel Vehicle (FFV)
are designed to be compatible with ethanol. Always be
sure that your vehicle is serviced with correct ethanol
compatible parts.

Replacing fuel system components with
non-ethanol

compatible

components

can damage your vehicle.

MAINTENANCE

Do not use ethanol mixture greater than
85% in your vehicle. It will cause difficulty
in cold starting and may affect drivability.

383

FUEL REQUIREMENTS — DIESEL
ENGINE

Use Premium Quality Diesel fuels with a Cetane rating
of 50 or higher, and meeting the EN590 standard are
highly recommended. See your authorized dealer for
further information regarding fuels available in your area.

FLUID CAPACITIES

Metric

Fuel (Approximate)

Front Wheel Drive Models

77.6 Liters

All Wheel Drive Models

79.8 Liters

Engine Oil with Filter

2.4L Engine

4.3 Liters

3.6L Engine

5.6 Liters

2.0L Diesel Engine

5.2 Liters

Cooling System *

2.4L Engine and Single- or Dual-Zone Climate Control System

10.1 Liters

2.4L Engine and Three-Zone Climate Control System

11.0 Liters

3.6L Engine and Single- or Dual-Zone Climate Control System

12.4 Liters

3.6L Engine and Three-Zone Climate Control System

13.7 Liters

2.0L Diesel Engine and Single- or Dual-Zone Climate Control System

9.1 Liters

2.0L Diesel Engine and Three-Zone Climate Control System

9.9 Liters

* Includes heater and coolant recovery bottle filled to MAX level.

384