Ford Festiva. Manual — part 75

Fig. 24: Injector Bank - Known Good - Voltage Pattern

EXAMPLE #6 - CURRENT CONTROLLED DRIVER

This known-good pattern from a Ford 3.0L V6 PFI VIN [U] illustrates that a zener diode inside the computer is used to clamp the injector's
inductive kick to 35-volts on this system. See

Fig. 25

.

Fig. 25: Injector Bank - Known Good - Voltage Pattern

EXAMPLE #7 - CURRENT CONTROLLED DRIVER

This known-good waveform from a Ford 5.0L V8 CFI VIN [F] was taken during hot idle, closed loop, and no load. See

Fig. 26

.

Fig. 26: Single Injector - Known Good - Voltage Pattern

EXAMPLE #8 - CURRENT CONTROLLED DRIVER

These two known-good waveform patterns are from a GM 2.0L In-Line 4 VIN [1]. Fig.

Fig. 27

illustrates the 78 volt inductive spike that

indicates a zener diode is not used. The second waveform, Fig.

Fig. 28

, was taken during hot idle, closed loop, and no load.

Fig. 27: Single Injector - Known Good - Voltage Pattern

Fig. 28: Single Injector - Known Good - Voltage Pattern

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GENERAL INFORMATION

Wheel Alignment Theory & Operation

* PLEASE READ THIS FIRST *

PRE-ALIGNMENT INSTRUCTIONS

GENERAL ALIGNMENT CHECKS

Before adjusting wheel alignment, check the following:



Each axle uses tires of same construction and tread style, equal in tread wear and overall diameter. Verify that radial and axial runout is
not excessive. Inflation should be at manufacturer's specifications.



Steering linkage and suspension must not have excessive play. Check for wear in tie rod ends and ball joints. Springs must not be
sagging. Control arm and strut rod bushings must not have excessive play. See

Fig. 1

.

Fig. 1: Checking Steering Linkage



Vehicle must be on level floor with full fuel tank, no passenger load, spare tire in place and no load in trunk. Bounce front and rear end
of vehicle several times. Confirm vehicle is at normal riding height.



Steering wheel must be centered with wheels in straight ahead position. If required, shorten one tie rod adjusting sleeve and lengthen
opposite sleeve (equal amount of turns). See

Fig. 2

.



Wheel bearings should have the correct preload and lug nuts must be tightened to manufacturer's specifications. Adjust camber, caster
and toe-in using this sequence. Follow manuals of the alignment equipment manufacturer.

NOTE:

This is GENERAL information. This article is not intended to be specific to any unique situation or
individual vehicle configuration. For model-specific information see appropriate articles where
available.

NOTE:

This is GENERAL information. This article is not intended to be specific to any unique situation or
individual vehicle configuration. For model-specific information see appropriate articles where
available.

CAUTION:

DO NOT attempt to correct alignment by straightening parts. Damaged parts MUST be replaced.