Ford Festiva. Manual — part 66

Fig. 3: Identifying Vehicle Calibration Label (1982-83 Ford Models)

Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.

Fig. 4: Identifying Vehicle Calibration Label (1984-88 Ford Models)

Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.

Fig. 5: Identifying Vehicle Calibration Label (1989-93 Ford Models)

Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.

EMISSION CONTROL VISUAL INSPECTION

A visual inspection is made to determine if any required emission control devices are missing, modified or disconnected. Missing, modified or
disconnected systems must be made fully operational before a vehicle can be certified.

POSITIVE CRANKCASE VENTILATION (PCV)

PCV controls the flow of crankcase fumes into the intake manifold while preventing gases and flames from traveling in the opposite direction.
PCV is either an open or closed system. See

Fig. 4

.

Ensure PCV system is installed as required. Verify valve, required hoses, connections, flame arresters, etc., are present, routed properly and in
serviceable condition.

Fig. 6: Typical Open & Closed Type PCV System

THERMOSTATIC AIR CLEANER (TAC)

The TAC supplies warm air to air intake during cold engine operation. This system is active during cold engine warm-up only. Under all other
operating conditions, air cleaner function is the same as any non-thermostatic unit.

Ensure required exhaust shroud, hot air duct, vacuum hoses and air cleaner components are present and installed properly. See

Fig. 7

. Ensure

any required thermostatic vacuum switches are in place and vacuum hoses are installed and in serviceable condition. Also ensure air cleaner
lid is installed right side up. Check for oversized air filter elements and for additional holes in the air cleaner housing.

NOTE:

The following emission control visual inspection procedures should be used as a guide only. When
performing a visual inspection, always follow your state's recommended inspection procedures.

Fig. 7: Typical Thermostatic Air Cleaner System

FUEL EVAPORATIVE SYSTEM (EVAP)

The EVAP system allows for proper fuel system ventilation while preventing fuel vapors from reaching the atmosphere. This means that vapors
must be caught and stored while the engine is off, which is when most fuel evaporation occurs. When the engine is started, these fuel vapors
can be removed from storage and burned. In most systems, storage is provided by an activated charcoal (or carbon) canister. See

Fig. 8

. On a

few early systems, charcoal canisters are not used. Instead, fuel vapors are vented into the PCV system and stored inside the crankcase.

The main components of a fuel evaporation system are a sealed fuel tank, a liquid-vapor separator and vent lines to a vapor-storing canister
filled with activated charcoal. The filler cap is normally not vented to the atmosphere, but is fitted with a valve to allow both pressure and
vacuum relief.

Although a few variations do exist between manufacturers, basic operation is the same for all systems. Check for presence of vapor storage
canister or crankcase storage connections when required. Ensure required hoses, solenoids, etc., are present and connected properly. Check
for proper type fuel tank cap. Check for any non-OEM or auxiliary fuel tanks for compliance and the required number of evaporation
canisters.

Fig. 8: Typical Fuel Evaporative System

CATALYTIC CONVERTERS

Oxidation Catalyst (OC)

This type of converter is the most common. It may use pellets or monolith medium, depending upon application. See

Fig. 9

. Platinum and

palladium (or platinum alone) are used as catalyst in this type of converter.

Visually check for presence of catalytic converter(s). Check for external damage such as severe dents, removed or damaged heat shields, etc.
Also check for pellets or pieces of converter in the tailpipe.

Fig. 9: Typical Oxidation Catalytic Converter (Pellet Type) Shown; Typical Three-Way Catalytic Converter Is Similar

Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS CORP.

Three-Way Catalyst (TWC)

This type of converter is nearly identical to a conventional converter with the exception of the catalyst. See

Fig. 9

. The TWC converter uses

rhodium, with or without platinum, as its catalyst. Rhodium helps reduce NOx emissions, as well as HC and CO.

Visually check for presence of catalytic converter(s). Also check for presence of any required air supply system for the oxidizing section of the
converter. Check for external damage such as severe dents, removed or damaged heat shields, etc. Check for pellets or pieces of converter in
the tailpipe.

Three-Way Catalyst + Oxidation Catalyst (TWC + OC)

This system contains a TWC converter and an OC converter in a common housing, separated by a small air space. See

Fig. 10

. The 2 catalysts

are referred to as catalyst beds. Exhaust gases pass through the TWC first. The TWC bed performs the same function as it would as a separate
device, reducing all 3 emissions. As exhaust gases leave the bed, they pass through the air space and into the second (OC) converter catalyst
bed.

Visually check for presence of catalytic converter(s). Check for external damage such as severe dents, removed or damaged heat shields, etc.
Check for pellets or pieces of converter in the tailpipe.

Fig. 10: Typical Three-Way + Oxidation Catalytic Converter

Courtesy of GENERAL MOTORS CORP.

FILL PIPE RESTRICTOR (FR)

A fuel tank fill pipe restrictor is used to prohibit the introduction of leaded fuel into the fuel tank. Unleaded gasoline pump dispensers have a
smaller diameter nozzle to fit fuel tank of vehicle requiring the use of unleaded fuel (vehicles equipped with catalytic converter).

Visually inspect fill pipe restrictor(s) for tampering, i.e., restrictor is oversize or the flapper is non-functional. If vehicle is equipped with an
auxiliary fuel tank, ensure auxiliary fuel tank is also equipped with a fill pipe restrictor.

EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION (EGR) SYSTEM

Single Diaphragm EGR Valve

This type uses a single diaphragm connected to the valve by a shaft. Diaphragm is spring-loaded to keep valve closed in the absence of
vacuum. As throttle valves open and engine speed increases, vacuum is applied to the EGR vacuum diaphragm, opening the EGR valve. This
vacuum signal comes from a ported vacuum source. Variations in the vacuum signal control the amount of exhaust gas that is recirculated. See

Fig. 11

.

Verify EGR valve is present and not modified or purposely damaged. Ensure thermal vacuum switches, pressure transducers, speed switches,