Hyundai ix35 (2016 year). Manual — part 23
Driving your vehicle
Disc brakes wear indicator
When your brake pads are worn and new
pads are required, you will hear a high-
pitched warning sound from your front
brakes or rear brakes. You may hear this
sound come and go or it may occur
whenever you depress the brake pedal.
Please remember that some driving con-
ditions or climates may cause a brake
squeal when you first apply (or lightly
apply) the brakes. This is normal and
does not indicate a problem with your
brakes.
OLM059016/H
OLM059017R
Parking brake
Releasing the parking brake
CAUTION
Applying the parking brake
To release the parking brake, first apply
the foot brake and pull up the parking
• To avoid costly brake repairs, do
To engage the parking brake, first apply
brake lever slightly. Secondly depress the
not continue to drive with worn
the foot brake and then pull up the park-
brake pads.
ing brake lever as far as possible.
release button (1) and lower the parking
brake lever (2) whilst holding the button.
• Always replace the front or rear
brake pads as pairs.
In addition it is recommended that when
parking the vehicle on a gradient, the
shift lever should be in a low gear on
manual transaxle vehicles or in the Park
WARNING - Brake wear
position on automatic transaxle vehicles.
This brake wear warning sound
means your vehicle needs service.
If you ignore this audible warning,
you will eventually lose braking
performance, which could lead to a
serious accident.
5 36
Driving your vehicle
If the parking brake does not release or
does not release all the way, we recom-
CAUTION
mend that the system be checked by a
•
Driving with the parking brake
HYUNDAI authorised repairer.
applied will cause excessive
brake pad and brake rotor wear.
•
Do not operate the parking brake
WARNING
whilst the vehicle is moving
•
To prevent unintentional move-
except in an emergency situation.
ment when stopped and leaving
It could damage the vehicle sys-
the vehicle, do not use the
tem and make endanger driving
gearshift lever in place of the
safety.
parking brake. Set the parking
brake AND make sure the
WK-23_TF
gearshift lever is securely posi-
tioned in
1st
(First) gear or R
Check the brake warning light by turning
the ignition switch ON (do not start the
(Reverse) for manual transaxle
engine). This light will be illuminated
equipped vehicles and in P (Park)
when the parking brake is applied with
for automatic transaxle equipped
the ignition switch in the START or ON
vehicles.
position.
•
Never allow anyone who is unfa-
Before driving, be sure the parking brake
miliar with the vehicle to touch
is fully released and the brake warning
the parking brake. If the parking
light is off.
brake is released unintentionally,
serious injury may occur.
If the brake warning light remains on
after the parking brake is released whilst
•
All vehicles should always have
engine is running, there may be a mal-
the parking brake fully engaged
function in the brake system. Immediate
when parking to avoid inadver-
attention is necessary.
tent movement of the vehicle
which can injure occupants or
If at all possible, cease driving the vehi-
pedestrians.
cle immediately. If that is not possible,
use extreme caution whilst operating the
vehicle and only continue to drive the
vehicle until you can reach a safe loca-
tion or repair shop.
5 37
Driving your vehicle
Anti-lock brake system (ABS)
The ABS continuously senses the speed
(Continued)
of the wheels. If the wheels are going to
The safety features of an ABS (or
lock, the ABS system repeatedly modu-
WARNING
ESC) equipped vehicle should not
lates the hydraulic brake pressure to the
ABS (or ESC) will not prevent acci-
be tested by high speed driving or
wheels.
dents due to improper or danger-
cornering. This could endanger the
When you apply your brakes under con-
ous driving manoeuvres. Even
safety of yourself or others.
ditions which may lock the wheels, you
though vehicle control is improved
may hear a “tik-tik’’ sound from the
during emergency braking, always
brakes, or feel a corresponding sensation
maintain a safe distance between
in the brake pedal. This is normal and it
you and objects ahead. Vehicle
means your ABS is active.
speeds should always be reduced
In order to obtain the maximum benefit
during extreme road conditions.
from your ABS in an emergency situa-
The braking distance for vehicle
tion, do not attempt to modulate your
equipped with an anti-lock braking
brake pressure and do not try to pump
system (Electronic Stability Control
your brakes. Press your brake pedal as
System) may be longer than for
hard as possible or as hard as the situa-
those without it in the following
tion warrants and allow the ABS to con-
road conditions.
trol the force being delivered to the
During these conditions the vehicle
brakes.
should be driven at reduced
speeds:
• Rough, gravel or snow-covered
roads.
• With tyre chains installed.
• On roads where the road surface
is pitted or has different surface
height.
(Continued)
5 38
Driving your vehicle
✽ NOTICE
CAUTION
A click sound may be heard in the
engine compartment when the vehicle
•
When you drive on a road having
begins to move after the engine is start-
poor traction, such as an icy road,
ed. These conditions are normal and
and operate your brakes continu-
indicate that the anti-lock brake system
ously, the ABS will be active con-
is functioning properly.
tinuously and the ABS warning
light may illuminate. Pull your
•
Even with the anti-lock brake system,
vehicle over to a safe place and
your vehicle still requires sufficient
stop the engine.
stopping distance. Always maintain a
•
Restart the engine. If the ABS
safe distance from the vehicle in front
warning light is off, then your
of you.
W-78
ABS system is normal.
•
Always slow down when cornering.
Otherwise, you may have a prob-
The anti-lock brake system cannot pre-
lem with the ABS. We recommend
CAUTION
vent accidents resulting from exces-
that you contact a HYUNDAI
•
If the ABS warning light is on and
authorised repairer.
sive speeds.
stays on, you may have a problem
•
On loose or uneven road surfaces,
with the ABS. In this case, howev-
operation of the anti-lock brake system
er, your regular brakes will work
may result in a longer stopping dis-
normally.
tance than for vehicles equipped with a
•
The ABS warning light will stay on
conventional brake system.
for approximately 3 seconds after
the ignition switch is ON. During
that time, the ABS will go through
self-diagnosis and the light will go
off if everything is normal. If the
light stays on, you may have a
problem with your ABS. We rec-
ommend that you contact a
HYUNDAI authorised repairer.
5 39
Driving your vehicle
✽ NOTICE
When you jump start your vehicle
because of a drained battery, the engine
may not run as smoothly and the ABS
warning light may turn on at the same
time. This happens because of the low
battery voltage. It does not mean your
ABS is malfunctioning.
• Do not pump your brakes!
• Have the battery recharged before
driving the vehicle.
5 40
Driving your vehicle
■ Type A
Electronic stability control (ESC)
The Electronic Stability Control
(ESC)
(if equipped)
system is an electronic system designed
to help the driver maintain vehicle control
The Electronic Stability Control
(ESC)
under adverse conditions. It is not a sub-
system is designed to stabilize the vehi-
stitute for safe driving practices.
cle during cornering manoeuvres. ESC
checks where you are steering and
Factors including speed, road conditions
and driver steering input can all affect
where the vehicle is actually going. ESC
whether ESC will be effective in prevent-
applies the brakes at individual wheels
ing a loss of control. It is still your respon-
and intervenes in the engine manage-
sibility to drive and corner at reasonable
ment system to stabilize the vehicle.
speeds and to leave a sufficient margin
OLM059020R
of safety.
■ Type B
WARNING
When you apply your brakes under con-
Never drive too fast for the road
ditions which may lock the wheels, you
conditions or too quickly when cor-
may hear a “tik-tik’’ sound from the
nering. Electronic stability control
brakes, or feel a corresponding sensation
(ESC) will not prevent accidents.
in the brake pedal. This is normal and it
Excessive speed in turns, abrupt
means your ESC is active.
manoeuvres and hydroplaning on
✽ NOTICE
wet surfaces can still result in seri-
ous accidents. Only a safe and
A click sound may be heard in the
attentive driver can prevent acci-
engine compartment when the vehicle
OLM059037R
dents by avoiding manoeuvres that
begins to move after the engine is start-
cause the vehicle to lose traction.
ed. These conditions are normal and
Even with ESC installed, always fol-
indicate that the Electronic Stability
low all the normal precautions for
Control System is functioning properly.
driving - including driving at safe
speeds for the conditions.
5 41
Driving your vehicle
ESC operation
When operating
ESC operation off
ESC ON condition
When the ESC is in operation,
ESC OFF state
• When the ignition is turned
ESC indicator light blinks.
This car has 2 kinds of ESC off
ON, ESC and ESC OFF indi-
• When the Electronic Stability
states.
-
cator lights illuminate for
Control is operating properly,
If the engine stops when ESC
approximately
3 seconds,
you can feel a slight pulsation
is off, ESC remains off. Upon
then ESC is turned on.
in the vehicle. This is only the
restarting the engine, the ESC
• Press the ESC OFF button
effect of brake control and indi-
will automatically turn on
for at least half a second after
cates nothing unusual.
again.
turning the ignition ON to turn
• When moving out of the mud
ESC off. (ESC OFF indicator
or slippery road, pressing the
• ESC off state 1
will illuminate). To turn the
accelerator pedal may not
To cancel ESC operation,
ESC on, press the ESC OFF
cause the engine rpm (revo-
press the ESC OFF button
button
(ESC OFF indicator
lutions per minute) to
(ESC OFF
) shortly
(ESC
light will go off).
increase.
OFF indicator light (ESC OFF
• When starting the engine,
) illuminates). At this state,
you may hear a slight ticking
the engine control function
sound. This is the ESC per-
does not operate. It means the
forming an automatic system
traction control function does
self-check and does not indi-
not operate. Brake control func-
cate a problem.
tion only operates.
5 42
Driving your vehicle
• ESC off state 2
■ ESC indicator light
To cancel ESC operation,
WARNING
press the ESC OFF button
The Electronic Stability Control sys-
(ESC OFF
) for more than
tem is only a driving aid; use pre-
3 seconds. ESC OFF indica-
cautions for safe driving by slowing
tor light (ESC OFF
) illumi-
down on curved, snowy, or icy
nates and ESC OFF warning
■ ESC OFF indicator light
roads. Drive slowly and don’t
chime will sound. At this
attempt to accelerate whenever the
state, the engine control
ESC indicator light is blinking, or
function and brake control
when the road surface is slippery.
function do not operate. It
means the car stability con-
trol function does not operate
Indicator light
any more.
When ignition switch is turned to ON, the
indicator light illuminates, then goes off if
the ESC system is operating normally.
The ESC indicator light blinks whenever
ESC is operating or illuminates when
ESC fails to operate.
ESC OFF indicator light comes on when
the ESC is turned off with the button.
CAUTION
Driving with varying tyre or wheel
sizes may cause the ESC system to
malfunction. When replacing tyres,
make sure they are the same size as
your original tyres.
5 43
Driving your vehicle
When driving
Vehicle stability management
VSM operation off
• ESC should be turned on for daily driv-
(VSM) (if equipped)
If you press the ESC OFF button to turn
ing whenever possible.
off the ESC, the VSM will also cancel and
This system provides further enhance-
• To turn ESC off whilst driving, press
the ESC OFF indicator light (
) illumi-
ments to vehicle stability and steering
the ESC OFF button whilst driving on a
nates.
responses when a vehicle is driving on a
flat road surface.
slippery road or a vehicle detected
To turn on the VSM, press the button
changes in coefficient of friction between
again. The ESC OFF indicator light goes
right wheels and left wheels when brak-
out.
WARNING
ing.
Never press the ESC OFF button
Malfunction indicator
whilst ESC is operating (ESC indi-
VSM operation
The VSM can be deactivated even if you
cator light blinks).
don’t cancel the VSM operation by press-
If ESC is turned off whilst ESC is
When the vehicle stability management
ing the ESC OFF button. It indicates that
is operating properly, you can feel a slight
operating, the vehicle may slip out
a malfunction has been detected some-
pulsation in the vehicle. This is only the
of control.
where in the Electric Power Steering sys-
effect of brake control and indicates noth-
tem or VSM system. If the ESC indicator
ing unusual.
✽ NOTICE
light (
) or EPS warning light remains
• When operating the vehicle on a
on, we recommend that the system be
The VSM does not operate when:
checked by a HYUNDAI authorised
dynamometer, ensure that the ESC is
turned off (ESC OFF light illuminat-
• Driving rearward
repairer.
ed). If the ESC is left on, it may pre-
• ESC OFF indicator light (
) remains
vent the vehicle speed from increas-
on the instrument cluster
✽ NOTICE
ing, and result in false diagnosis.
• ESC indicator light remains on the
• The VSM is designed to function
• Turning the ESC off does not affect
instrument cluster
above approximately 9 mph (15 km/h)
ABS or brake system operation.
on curves.
• The VSM is designed to function
above approximately
12 mph (20
km/h) when a vehicle is braking on a
split-mu road. The split-mu road is
made of surfaces which have different
friction forces.
5 44
Driving your vehicle
Hill-start assist control (HAC)
■ Type A
WARNING
(if equipped)
•
The Vehicle Stability Management
A vehicle has the tendency to slip back
system is not a substitute for
on a steep hill when it starts to go after
safe driving practices but a sup-
stopping. The Hill-start Assist Control
plementary function only. It is the
(HAC) prevents the vehicle from slipping
responsibility of the driver to
back by operating the brakes automati-
always check the speed and the
cally for about 2 seconds. The brakes are
distance to the vehicle ahead.
released when the accelerator pedal is
Always hold the steering wheel
depressed or after about 2 seconds.
firmly whilst driving.
OLM059021R
•
Your vehicle is designed to acti-
■ Type B
vate according to the driver’s
WARNING
intention, even with installed
The HAC is activated only for about
VSM. Always follow all the normal
2 seconds, so when the vehicle is
precautions for driving at safe
starting off always depress the
speeds for the conditions
-
accelerator pedal.
including driving inclement
weather and on a slippery road.
•
Driving with varying tyre or wheel
✽ NOTICE
sizes may cause the VSM system
• The HAC does not operate when the
to malfunction. When replacing
transaxle shift lever is in the P (Park)
tyres, make sure they are the
or N (Neutral) position.
OLM059036R
same size as your original tyres.
• The HAC activates even though the
ESC is off but it does not activate
when the ESC has malfunctioned.
5 45
Driving your vehicle
Downhill brake control (DBC)
Mode
Indicator light
Description
(if equipped)
Press the DBC button when the vehicle speed is under
The Downhill Brake Control (DBC) sup-
25 mph (40 km/h). The DBC system will turn ON and
ports the driver come down a steep hill
Standby
enter the standby mode.
without the driver depressing the brake
pedal. It slows down the vehicle under 5
The system does not turn ON if the vehicle speed is
illuminated
mph
(8 km/h) with the automatic
over 25 mph (40 km/h).
transaxle or
5 mph (8 km/h) with the
manual transaxle and lets the driver con-
In the standby mode, if the vehicle speed is under 22
centrate on steering the vehicle.
Activated
mph (35 km/h) whilst driving down a steep hill, the DBC
DBC defaults to the OFF position when-
will activate automatically.
ever the ignition is turned on.
blinks
The DBC can be turned on or off by
pushing the button.
In the activated mode, the DBC will temporarily deacti-
vate under the following conditions:
Temporarily
• The hill is not steep enough.
deactivated
• The brake pedal or accelerator pedal is depressed.
illuminated
If the above conditions are gone, the DBC will automat-
ically activate again.
The DBC will turn OFF under the following conditions:
OFF
• The DBC button is pressed again.
not
• The vehicle speed is over 38 mph (60 km/h).
illuminated
WARNING
If the DBC red indicator light illuminates, the system has overheated or some-
thing is wrong. The DBC will not activate. If the DBC red indicator light illu-
minates even though the DBC system has been cooled enough, we recom-
mend that the system be checked by a HYUNDAI authorised repairer.
5 46
Driving your vehicle
✽ NOTICE
ESS : Emergency Stop Signal
Trailer stability assist (TSA)
(if equipped)
•
The DBC does not turn ON in the P
The Emergency Stop Signal system
(Park) position.
alerts the driver behind by blinking the
Trailer stability assist is operated as vehi-
•
The DBC may not activate if the ESC
stop light when the vehicle suddenly
cle stability control system. Trailer stabili-
(or BAS, if equipped) is activated.
stops or when the ABS activates in a
ty assist system has an effort to stabilize
•
Noise or vibration may occur from the
stop.
(The system activates when the
the vehicle and trailer when the trailer
brakes when the DBC is activated.
vehicle speed is over 34 mph (55 km/h)
sways or oscillates. There are various
•
The rear stop light comes on when the
and the vehicle deceleration is over
reasons making vehicle sway and oscil-
DBC is activated.
7m/s² or the ABS activates when the
late. Almost case it happens at high
•
In a very steep hill even though the
vehicle emergency braking.)
speed however, if the trailer is affected by
brake pedal or accelerator pedal is
When the vehicle speed is under 25 mph
crosswinds, buffeting, and improper over-
depressed the DBC may not deacti-
(40 km/h) and the ABS deactivates or the
loading, it may be a risk of swaying.
vate.
sudden stop situation is over, the stop
•
Always turn OFF the DBC on normal
light will not blink. Instead, the hazard
Factors of swaying such as:
roads. The DBC might activate from
warning flasher will turn on automatically.
- High speed
the standby mode when abrupt corn-
The hazard warning flasher will turn off
- Strong crosswinds
ing or driving through speed bumps.
when the vehicle speed is over 6 mph (10
•
DBC may activate and cause the
- Improper overloading
km/h) after the vehicle has stopped. Also,
engine to stop in vehicles with manual
- Sudden controlling of steering wheel
it will turn off when the vehicle drives at
transaxle if you drive in 3rd gear (or
- Uneven road
low speed for some time. You can turn it
above) with DBC on. Do not turn on
off manually by pushing the hazard warn-
DBC when driving in 3rd gear (or
ing flasher switch.
above).
CAUTION
The Emergency Stop Signal system
will not work if the hazard warning
flasher is already on.
5 47
Driving your vehicle
Trailer stability assist system continuous-
Good braking practices
•
Check to be sure the parking brake is
ly analyzes the vehicle and trailer insta-
not engaged and that the parking
bility. When the Trailer stability assist sys-
brake indicator light is out before driv-
WARNING
tem detects some sway, the brakes are
ing away.
applied automatically to stabilize the
•
Whenever you leave or park your
•
Driving through water may get the
vehicle on the front wheel. However, if it
vehicle, always set the parking
brakes wet. They can also get wet
is not enough to stabilize, the brakes are
brake as far as possible and fully
when the vehicle is washed. Wet
applied on all wheels automatically and
engage the vehicle's transaxle
brakes can be dangerous! Your vehicle
engine power is properly reduced. When
into the P (Park) position. If the
will not stop as quickly if the brakes are
the vehicle is stable from swaying, trailer
parking brake is not fully
wet. Wet brakes may cause the vehicle
stability assist system does not operate.
engaged, the vehicle may move
to pull to one side.
inadvertently and injure yourself
To dry the brakes, apply the brakes
and others.
lightly until the braking action returns to
•
All vehicles should always have
normal, taking care to keep the vehicle
the parking brake fully engaged
under control at all times. If the braking
when parking to avoid inadver-
action does not return to normal, stop
tent movement of the vehicle
as soon as it is safe to do so and we
which can injure occupants or
recommend that you call a HYUNDAI
pedestrians.
authorised repairer for assistance.
•
Don't coast down hills with the vehicle
out of gear. This is extremely haz-
ardous. Keep the vehicle in gear at all
times, use the brakes to slow down,
then shift to a lower gear so that
engine braking will help you maintain a
safe speed.
5 48
Driving your vehicle
•
Don't "ride" the brake pedal. Resting
•
Be caution when parking on a hill.
your foot on the brake pedal whilst driv-
Firmly engage the parking brake and
ing can be dangerous because it can
place the shift lever in P (automatic
result in the brakes overheating and
transaxle) or in first or reverse gear
losing their effectiveness. It also
(manual transaxle). If your vehicle is
increases the wear of the brake com-
facing downhill, turn the front wheels
ponents.
into the kerb to help keep the vehicle
•
If a tyre goes flat whilst you are driving,
from rolling. If your vehicle is facing
apply the brakes gently and keep the
uphill, turn the front wheels away from
vehicle pointed straight ahead whilst
the kerb to help keep the vehicle from
you slow down. When you are moving
rolling. If there is no kerb or if it is
slowly enough for it to be safe to do so,
required by other conditions to keep
pull off the road and stop in a safe
the vehicle from rolling, block the
place.
wheels.
•
If your vehicle is equipped with an
•
Under some conditions your parking
automatic transaxle, don't let your vehi-
brake can freeze in the engaged posi-
cle creep forward. To avoid creeping
tion. This is most likely to happen when
forward, keep your foot firmly on the
there is an accumulation of snow or ice
brake pedal when the vehicle is
around or near the rear brakes or if the
stopped.
brakes are wet. If there is a risk that the
parking brake may freeze, apply it only
temporarily whilst you put the gear
selector lever in P
(automatic
transaxle) or in first or reverse gear
(manual transaxle) and block the rear
wheels so the vehicle cannot roll. Then
release the parking brake.
•
Do not hold the vehicle on the upgrade
with the accelerator pedal. This can
cause the transaxle to overheat.
Always use the brake pedal or parking
brake.
5 49
Driving your vehicle
CRUISE CONTROL SYSTEM (IF EQUIPPED)
WARNING
CAUTION
•
If the cruise control is left on,
During cruise-speed driving of a
(CRUISE indicator light in the
manual transaxle vehicle, do not
instrument cluster illuminated),
shift into neutral without depress-
the cruise control can be
ing the clutch pedal, since the
switched on accidentally. Keep
engine will be overrevved. If this
the cruise control system off
happens, depress the clutch pedal
(CRUISE indicator light OFF)
or release the cruise control ON-
when the cruise control is not in
OFF switch.
use, to avoid inadvertently set-
ting a speed.
✽ NOTICE
OEL059030R
•
Use the cruise control system
only when travelling on open
During normal cruise control operation,
1. Cruise indicator
when the SET switch is activated or
highways in good weather.
2. Cruise set indicator
reactivated after applying the brakes,
•
Do not use the cruise control
the cruise control will energize after
when it may not be safe to keep
The cruise control system allows you to
approximately 3 seconds. This delay is
the vehicle at a constant speed,
program the vehicle to maintain a con-
normal.
for instance, driving in heavy or
stant speed without pressing the acceler-
varying traffic, or on slippery
ator pedal.
(rainy, icy or snow-covered) or
✽ NOTICE
This system is designed to function
winding roads or over 6% up-hill
To activate cruise control, depress the
above approximately 25 mph (40 km/h).
or down-hill roads.
brake pedal at least once after turning
•
Pay particular attention to the
the ignition switch to the ON position or
driving conditions whenever
starting the engine. This is to check if
using the cruise control system.
the brake switch which is important
•
Be careful when driving downhill
part to cancel cruise control is in normal
using the cruise control system,
condition.
which may increase the vehicle
speed.
5 50
Driving your vehicle
OEL059031
OEL059033
OEL059032
To set cruise control speed:
3. Move the lever (1) down (to SET-), and
To increase cruise control set
release it at the desired speed. The
speed:
1. Push the Cruise ON-OFF symbol but-
SET indicator light in the instrument
ton on the steering wheel to turn the
Follow either of these procedures:
cluster will illuminate. Release the
system on. The Cruise indicator light
• Move the lever (1) up (to RES+) and
accelerator pedal. The desired speed
in the instrument cluster will illuminate.
hold it. Your vehicle will accelerate.
will automatically be maintained.
2. Accelerate to the desired speed, which
Release the lever at the speed you
On a steep grade, the vehicle may slow
must be more than 25 mph (40 km/h).
want.
down or speed up slightly whilst going
• Move the lever (1) up (to RES+) and
downhill.
release it immediately. The cruising
speed will increase by 1.2 mph (2.0
km/h) or 1.0 mph (1.6 km/h) each time
you move the lever up (to RES+) in this
manner.
5 51
Driving your vehicle
To temporarily accelerate with the
cruise control on:
If you want to speed up temporarily when
the cruise control is on, depress the
accelerator pedal. Increased speed will
not interfere with cruise control operation
or change the set speed.
To return to the set speed, take your foot
off the accelerator.
OEL059033
OEL059034
To decrease the cruising speed:
To cancel cruise control, do one
Follow either of these procedures:
of the following:
• Move the lever (1) down (to SET-) and
• Press the brake pedal.
hold it. Your vehicle will gradually slow
• Press the clutch pedal with a manual
down. Release the lever at the speed
transaxle.
you want to maintain.
• Shift into N (Neutral) with an automatic
• Move the lever (1) down (to SET-) and
transaxle.
release it immediately. The cruising
• Press the CANCEL switch located on
speed will decrease by 1.2 mph (2.0
the steering wheel.
km/h) or 1.0 mph (1.6 km/h) each time
• Decrease the vehicle speed lower than
you move the lever down (to SET-) in
the memory speed by
9 mph (15
this manner.
km/h).
• Decrease the vehicle speed to less
than approximately 25 mph (40 km/h).
5 52
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