SsangYong Rodius (2013 year). Service manual — part 157

07-12

3. WHEEL ALIGNMENT

Wheel alignment (adjustment of Camber, Caster and Toe) is part of standard automobile maintenance

that consists of adjusting the angles of the wheels so that they are set to the specification. The purpose

of these adjustments is to reduce tire wear, and to ensure that vehicle travel is straight and true (without

"pulling" to one side). Alignment angles can also be altered beyond the specifications to obtain a specific

handling characteristic.

When viewed from the top, the distance between the tire centers is smaller in the front than in

the rear.

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Side slip protection

Parallel front wheels rotation (straight ahead driving is ensured by toe-in to prevent the wheels from tilting

outwards by the camber while driving)

Prevention of uneven (outward) tire wear Prevention of toe-out from wearing of steering linkage

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1) Toe-in

The difference of measured distances between the front ends of the tires (A) and the rear ends of the

tires (B) along the same axle when viewed the wheels from the top.

Toe-in

Front

0.˚±0.10˚

Rear

0.48˚±0.15˚

Necessity for Wheel Alignment

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Wheel alignment consists of adjusting the angles of the wheels so that they are perpendicular to the

ground and parallel to each other. The purpose of these adjustments is maximum tire life and a vehicle

that tracks straight and true when driving along a straight and level road.

The symptoms of a vehicle that is out of alignment are:

Uneven or rapid tire wear

Pulling or drifting away from a straight line

Wandering on a straight level road

Spokes of the steering wheel off to one side while driving on a straight and level road.

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4411-01

2) Camber

The angle between the center line of the tire and the vertical line when viewed from the front of the

vehicle

Camber

Front

-0.12˚±0.50˚

Rear

-1.20˚±0.50˚

Zero camber: When the tire center line is perpendicular to the ground level

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Disadvantages:

The axle is easy to be bent or deviated in the negative camber than in the

positive camber when load is applied on the axle.

Difficult to control due to wide load area.

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Advantages:

Better traction force due to wide load area (applicable for off-road vehicle)

Better corner driving when the vehicle makes turn as the cornering force

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Negative camber

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Disadvantages:

Cornering force decreases as the positive camber increases when the vehicle

makes turn.

The hub bearing is worn unevenly if camber is excessive.

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Advantages:

The axle is not bent when it is loaded.

The force required to operate the steering wheel is reduced due to smaller

contact area (or load area) of the tire.

Restoring force of the steering wheel is gained (when turning the steering wheel,

the tire circles and the force to lift the frame is applied. In this case, the shock

absorber contracts and the restoration force is applied to the steering wheel.)

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Positive camber: Top of the tire is tilted outward

▶

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3) Caster

The angle between the vertical line and king pin, which fixes the steering knuckle and front axle,

(steering column which connects the top and bottom ball joints in the independent axle type) when

viewed the tires from the side.

Caster

Front

4.80˚±0.50˚

Rear

-

Disadvantages:

Impact from the road is transferred to the steering wheel (steering wheel turns)

Poor straightness

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Advantages:

Directional force to go straight (following control)

Restoring force of the wheel (restored to the straight ahead direction)

Prevention of wheel shimmy (wheels wobble left and right)

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Negative caster:

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Top of the king pin is tilted forward from the vertical line of the wheel center

when viewed the tires from the side

Positive caster:

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With considering the height difference between the wheel centers of the front and rear

wheels. (Under standard condition that the vehicle is on a level ground)

Caster:

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Advantages:

Smaller turning radius

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Top of the king pin is tilted backward from the vertical line of the wheel center

when viewed the tires from the side

08-3

4850-03

Brake oil

Grade

DOT 4

Service interval

Replace every 2 years

1. SPECIFICATIONS

Description

Specification

Front brake

Type

Ventilated disc

Rear brake

Type

Ventilated disc

Master cylinder

Type

Step feed bore tandem, double cylinder

Brake booster

Type

Tandem type (integrated level sensor)

Operating type

Foot operated type