SsangYong Actyon Sports II. Service manual — part 138
08-12
4. WHEEL ALIGNMENT
The front wheels have specific angle to allow control of the steering wheel with less effort, ensure driving
stability, improve steering wheel restoration and steering performance, and minimize the tires wear.
1) Toe-in
The difference of measured distances between the front ends of the tires (A) and the rear ends of the
tires (B) along the same axle when viewed the wheels from the top
TOE
Unilateral : 0.10 ± 0.16°
Total : 0.20 ± 0.13°
When viewed from the top, the distance between the tire centers is smaller in the front than in
the rear.
▶
Side slip protection
Parallel front wheels rotation (straight ahead driving is ensured by toe-in to prevent the wheels from
tilting outwards by the camber while driving)
Prevention of uneven (outward) tire wear
Prevention of toe-out from wearing of steering linkage
-
-
-
-
Front
08-13
4411-01
2) Camber
The angle between the center line of the tire and the vertical line when viewed from the front of the
vehicle
Positive camber: Top of the tire is tilted outward
▶
Advantages:
The axle is not bent when it is loaded.
The force required to operate the steering wheel is reduced due to smaller
contact area (or load area) of the tire.
Restoring force of the steering wheel is gained (when turning the steering
wheel, the tire circles and the force to lift the frame is applied. In this case,
the shock absorber contracts and the restoration force is applied to the
steering wheel.)
-
-
-
Disadvantages:
Cornering force decreases as the positive camber increases when the
vehicle makes turn.
The hub bearing is worn unevenly if camber is excessive.
-
-
Zero camber: When the tire center line is perpendicular to the ground level
▶
Negative camber
▶
Advantages:
Better traction force due to wide load area (applicable for off-road vehicle)
Better corner driving when the vehicle makes turn as the cornering force
increases (applicable for high-speed F1 vehicle)
-
-
Disadvantages:
he axle is easy to be bent or deviated in the negative camber than in the
positive camber when load is applied on the axle.
Difficult to control due to wide load area.
-
-
Camber
-0.5 ± 0.25°
08-14
3) Caster
The angle between the vertical line and king pin, which fixes the steering knuckle and front axle, (steering
column which connects the top and bottom ball joints in the independent axle type) when viewed the
tires from the side.
Caster: With considering the height difference between the wheel centers of the front and rear
wheels. (Under standard condition that the vehicle is on a level ground)
▶
Positive caster: Top of the king pin is tilted backward from the vertical line of the wheel center
when viewed the tires from the side
▶
Advantages:
Directional force to go straight (following control)
Restoring force of the wheel (restored to the straight ahead direction)
Prevention of wheel shimmy (wheels wobble left and right)
-
-
-
Negative caster: Top of the king pin is tilted forward from the vertical line of the wheel center when
viewed the tires from the side
▶
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
Impact from the road is transferred to the steering wheel (steering wheel turns)
Poor straightness
-
-
Smaller turning radius
-
Caster
4.6 ± 0.4°
09-3
4850-01
1. SPECIFICATION
Unit
Description
Specification
Front brake
Type
Ventilated disc
Outer diameter of disc
Ø294 mm
Inner diameter of caliper cylinder
Ø43.0 x 2 mm
Thickness of disc
28 mm (wear limit: 25.4 mm)
Area of brake pad
Above 60 cm2
Pad wear indicator
Mechanical type
Rear brake
Type
Solid disc
Outer diameter of disc
Ø299 m
Thickness of disc
10.4 mm (wear limit: 8.5 mm)
Area of brake pad
Above 28.8 cm2
Pad wear indicator
Mechanical type
Brake booster
Type
Vacuum assist type
Size
8” + 9” (Tandem)
Master cylinder
Type
Tandem type(integrated level sensor)
Inner diameter of cylinder
Ø26.99 mm
Brake pedal
Maximum operating stroke
150 mm
Pedal ratio
4 : 1
Free play
3 to 10 mm
Parking brake
Type
Mechanically expanded rear lining
Operating type
Hand operated type
Inner diameter of drum
Ø190 mm
Brake oil
Specification
DOT 4
Capacity
As required
Service Interval: Change the brake oil at every 2 years
DOT?
It is the quality grade of brake fluid established by US Department of Transportation.
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