Jaguar X-Type Sedan and Estate (Wagon). Service manual — part 105

Condition

Possible Sources

Action

Fluid loss at the power

steering pump shaft seal.

CHECK the power steering pump for signs of steering

fluid loss.

INSTALL a new power steering pump as necessary. For

additional information,

REFER to Section

211-02 Power Steering

.

Power steering fluid delivery

pressure or flow too low.

CHECK the power steering pump for signs of steering

fluid loss.

CHECK the power steering pressure. For additional
information, REFER to the Power Steering Pressure

Test in this section.

INSTALL a new power steering pump as necessary. For

additional information,

REFER to Section

211-02 Power Steering

.

Steering heavy operation in one

direction

Lower steering column

interference.

CHECK the steering column is free from interference

from the engine harness, sound proofing or the floor

covering.

Incorrect steering geometry.

CHECK the front wheel alignment. For additional

information,

REFER to Section

204-00 Suspension System -

General Information

.

Faulty rotary valve/seal.

CHECK the power steering pressure. For additional
information, REFER to the Power Steering Pressure

Test in this section.

INSTALL a new steering gear as necessary. For

additional information,

REFER to Section

211-02 Power Steering

.

Tire fouling on the wheel arch

liner.

CHECK for clearance between the tire and the wheel

arch liner.

Remove and refit the wheel arch liner or INSTALL a

new wheel arch liner as necessary.

Steering heavy operation in both

directions

Low power steering fluid.

CHECK steering system for signs of steering fluid loss.

BLEED the power steering system. For additional

information,

REFER to Section

211-00 Steering System - General

Information

.

Air in power steering system.

CHECK the power steering pump for signs of steering

fluid loss.

INSTALL a new power steering pump as necessary. For

additional information,

REFER to Section

211-02 Power Steering

.

Fluid loss at the power

steering pump shaft seal.

CHECK the power steering pump for signs of steering

fluid loss.

INSTALL a new power steering pump as necessary. For

additional information,

REFER to Section

211-02 Power Steering

.

Power steering fluid delivery

pressure or flow too low.

CHECK the power steering pump for signs of steering

fluid loss.

CHECK the power steering pressure. For additional
information, REFER to the Power Steering Pressure

Test in this section.

INSTALL a new power steering pump as necessary. For

additional information,

REFER to Section

211-02 Power Steering

.

Steering operation varies from

heavy to light when driving at

constant speed

Lower steering column

interference.

CHECK the steering column is free from interference

from the engine harness, sound proofing or the floor

covering.

Incorrect speedometer signal.

CHECK the speedo circuit. For additional information,

refer to the wiring diagrams.

Steering transducer

cable/connection faulty or

grounded.

CHECK the steering transducer circuit. For additional

information, refer to the wiring diagrams.

Carry out the electrical checks and tests. For

additional information, REFER to the Electrical Checks

and Tests in this section.

Steering wheel varies from light

to heavy two times per

revolution

Lower steering column

interference.

CHECK the steering column is free from interference

from the engine harness, sound proofing or the floor

covering.

Steering column universal

joints binding.

INSTALL a new steering column. For additional

information,

REFER to Section

211-04 Steering Column

.

Seized or damaged steering

components.

CHECK for wear or failure of suspension bushes and

ball joints. For additional information,

REFER to Section

204-00 Suspension System -

General Information

.

Noise

Condition

Possible Sources

Action

Accessory drive

belt squeal

Incorrect accessory drive belt

tension or accessory drive belt

glazed.

CHECK accessory drive belt condition and INSTALL a new

accessory drive belt as necessary. For additional information,

REFER to Section

303-05 Accessory Drive

.

Chirp noise in the

steering pump

Loose or worn accessory drive

belt.

CHECK accessory drive belt condition and INSTALL a new

accessory drive belt as necessary. For additional information,

REFER to Section

303-05 Accessory Drive

.

Power steering

pump noisy

Low power steering fluid.

CHECK steering system for signs of steering fluid loss.

BLEED the power steering system. For additional information,

REFER to Section

211-00 Steering System - General Information

.

Power steering pump worn or

otherwise defective.

CHECK for leaks. REPAIR as necessary.

CHECK the power steering pressure. For additional information,

REFER to the Power Steering Pressure Test in this section.

INSTALL a new power steering pump as necessary. For additional

information,

REFER to Section

211-02 Power Steering

.

Whine type noise

Aerated fluid.

BLEED the power steering system. For additional information,

REFER to

Power Steering System Bleeding -

in this section.

Power steering pump.

CHECK for leaks. REPAIR as necessary.

INSTALL a new power steering pump as necessary. For additional

information,

REFER to Section

211-02 Power Steering

.

Noise during
steering gear
movement

Low power steering fluid.

CHECK steering system for signs of steering fluid loss.

BLEED the power steering system. For additional information,

REFER to Section

211-00 Steering System - General Information

.

Water contamination to the

power steering fluid.

DRAIN the power steering system.

BLEED the power steering system. For additional information,

REFER to Section

211-00 Steering System - General Information

.

Cavitation due to restricted

power steering feed hose.

CHECK and reposition power steering feed hoses and INSTALL

new hoses as necessary.

Continuous noise

Low power steering fluid.

CHECK steering system for signs of steering fluid loss.

BLEED the power steering system. For additional information,

REFER to Section

211-00 Steering System - General Information

.

Power steering pump drive loose.

CHECK power steering coupling and power steering pump.

INSTALL a new power steering coupling or power steering pump

as necessary. For additional information,

REFER to Section

211-02 Power Steering

.

Incorrect accessory drive belt

tension or accessory drive belt

glazed.

CHECK accessory drive belt condition and INSTALL a new

accessory drive belt as necessary. For additional information,

REFER to Section

303-05 Accessory Drive

.

Power steering pump drive pulley

loose.

CHECK and TIGHTEN the power steering pump drive pulley

retaining bolts as necessary. For additional information, REFER

to Section

303-03A Engine Cooling

/

303-03B Engine Cooling

.

Power steering pump retaining

bolts loose.

CHECK the power steering pump retaining bolts and TIGHTEN as

necessary.

Power steering hose/pipe in

contact with the vehicles body.

CHECK and reposition power steering hoses/pipes, INSTALL new

hoses/pipes as necessary.

Power steering hose

restricted/twisted.

CHECK and reposition power steering hose, replace hose as

necessary.

Vibration

Condition

Possible Sources

Action

Feedback (knocking noises in the steering

gear) - condition where roughness is felt in

the steering wheel by the driver when the

vehicle is driven over rough surfaces

Loose/worn tie-rods.

INSTALL a new tie-rod end. For additional

information,

REFER to Section

211-03 Steering Linkage

.

Steering gear

retaining bolts loose

or damaged.

CAUTION: DO NOT attempt to adjust the steering

gear yoke. Failure to follow this instruction will result in

the steering gear warranty to become invalid.

CHECK and TIGHTEN the steering gear retaining

bolts.

INSTALL new retaining bolts as necessary. For

additional information,

REFER to Section

211-02 Power Steering

.

Loose suspension

bushing, bolts or

ball joints.

TIGHTEN or INSTALL new components as necessary.

For additional information,

REFER to Section

204-01 Front Suspension

.

Steering column

retaining bolts

loose.

CAUTION: DO NOT attempt to adjust the steering

gear yoke. Failure to follow this instruction will result in

the steering gear warranty to become invalid.

Condition

Possible Sources

Action

CHECK and TIGHTEN the steering column retaining

bolts/nuts and pinch bolts if required. For additional

information,

REFER to Section

211-04 Steering Column

.

Excessive wear in

steering column

assembly.

CHECK for steering column for wear in the universal

joints and bearings. If wear is present, INSTALL a

new steering column as necessary. For additional

information,

REFER to Section

211-04 Steering Column

.

Nibble (Shimmy) Oscillation of the steering

wheel (not vertical which is SHAKE). This is

driven by road wheel imbalance.

Road wheel

imbalance.

CHECK for road wheel imbalance.

CHECK for relevant SERVICE BULLETINS/SERVICE

ACTIONS for the vehicle on Jaguar Communications

Online (JCOL) or in hard copy form.

Steering wheel

replacement.

CHECK for relevant SERVICE BULLETINS/SERVICE

ACTIONS for the vehicle on Jaguar Communications

Online (JCOL) or in hard copy form.

Rack replacement.

CHECK for relevant SERVICE BULLETINS/SERVICE

ACTIONS for the vehicle on Jaguar Communications

Online (JCOL) or in hard copy form.

Description of General Steering System Noises

Boom

Rhythmic sound like a drum roll or distant thunder. May cause pressure on the ear drum.

Buzz

Low-pitched sound, like a bee. Usually associated with vibrations.

Chatter

Rapidly repeating metallic sound.

Chuckle

Rapid noise that sounds like a stick against the spokes of a spinning bicycle wheel.

Chirp

High pitched rapidly repeating sound, like chirping birds.

Click

Light sound, like a ball point pen being clicked.

Click/Thump

Heavy metal-to-metal sound, like a hammer striking steel.

Grind

Abrasive sound, like a grinding wheel or sandpaper rubbing against wood.

Groan/Moan

Continuous, low-pitched humming sound.

Groan/Howl

Low, guttural sound, like an angry dog.

Hiss

Continuous sound like air escaping from a tire valve.

Hum

Continuous sound of varying frequencies, like a wire humming in the wind.

Knock

Heavy, loud repeating sound like a knock on a door.

Ping

Similar to knock, except at higher frequency.

Rattle

A sound suggesting looseness, such as marbles rolling around in a can.

Roar

Deep, long, prolonged sound like an animal, or winds and ocean waves.

Rumble

Low, heavy continuous sound like that made by wagons or thunder.

Scrape

Grating noise like one hard plastic rubbing part rubbing against another.

Squeak

High-pitched sound like rubbing a clean window.

Squeal

Continuous, high-pitched sound like running finger nails across a chalkboard.

Tap

Light, hammering sound like tapping pencil on edge of table. May be rhythmic or intermittent.

Weep

Continuous mid-range sound (lower frequency than squeal, higher frequency than groan).

Whir/Whine

High-pitched buzzing sound, like an electric motor or drill.

Whistle

Sharp, shrill sound, like wind passing a small opening.

Description of Specific Steering System Noise Types

Belt Squeal

Belt squeal is a high frequency air-borne noise generated by slippage of the ribbed Vee belt on the power steering pump pulley. Squeal
increases with system loading and at the end of lock.

Clonk

Clonk is a structure-borne noise heard as a loose-sounding rattle or vibration coming from the steering column. Clonk can be identified by
driving and turning over cobblestones, rough roads, or high frequency bumps such as 25-50 mm tall tar strips. Clonk requires a tie-rod load
impact.

Column Knock

Column knock is a loose-sounding rattle or vibration generated by the steering column shaft contacting other portions of the column
assembly. The noise is both audible and tactile. Column knock is generated by driving over cobblestones or rough pavement. It is not
necessary to turn the steering wheel to create this noise.

Column Rattle

Column rattle is a metallic sounding noise created when applying a highly impulsive force to the steering wheel. Column rattle is often used
to combine the more general group of column noises including clonk and column knock. Column rattle noises can be caused by clonk, knock,
loose column components, bonus parts etc. A series of parked, straight-line driving, and cornering test should be carried out to isolate the
source/sources.

Grinding/Scrape

Grinding is a low frequency noise in the column when the steering wheel is turned. Is generally caused by interference between moving
components such as the steering wheel to steering column shroud.

Grunt (Squawk)

Grunt is a "honking" sound elicited when coming off one of the steering stops. Grunt is generally excited during parking manoeuvres with a
low to medium speed steering input.

Hiss (Swish)

Hiss or Valve Hiss is a high-frequency sound coming from the steering gear when the system is loaded. It is a rushing or "swish" noise that
doesn't change frequency with RPM. Hiss is the general noise generated by the flow of hydraulic fluid through restrictions in the steering
system. Restrictions include the rotary steering valve, power steering tubes, connectors, tuning orifices, etc. Hiss can be air-borne and
structure-borne, but the structure-borne path through the steering intermediate shaft is usually dominant.

Moan (Groan)

Moan is the general structure-borne noise of the steering system. Moan is primarily transmitted to the driver via the body structure through
the pump mount, engine mounts, power steering lines and power steering brackets. On some vehicles, moan is a load humming noise, often
present when the wheel is turned and the system is loaded. It may change frequency with engine RPM and if the system is loaded or
unloaded.

Rack Knock (Rack Slap)

CAUTION: DO NOT attempt to adjust the steering gear yoke. Failure to follow this instruction will result in the steering gear warranty

to become invalid.

Rack Knock is a rattle sound and steering wheel vibration caused by separation of the steering gear and pinion while driving over bumps. It