Daewoo Musso. Manual — part 207
WHEEL ALIGNMENT 2B-9
GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND SYSTEM OPERATION
FOUR WHEEL ALIGNMENT
CASTER
Caster is the tilting 91 the uppermost point of the steering
axis either forward or backward from the vertical when
viewed from the side of the vehicle. A backward tilt is
positive, and a forward tilt is negative. Caster influences
directional control of the steering but does not affect
tire wear. Weak springs or overloading a vehicle will affect
caster. One wheel with more positive caster will pull
toward the center of the car. This condition will cause
the car to move or lean toward the side with the least
amount of positive caster. Caster is measured in degrees.
CAMBER
Camber is the tilting of the top of the tire from the vertical
when viewed from the front of the vehicle. When the
tires tilt outward, the camber is positive. When the tires
tilt inward, the camber is negative. The camber angle is
measured in degrees from the vertical. Camber
influences both directional control and tire wear.
If the vehicle has too much positive camber, the outside
shoulder of the tire will wear. If the vehicle has too much
negative camber, the inside shoulder of the tire will wear.
The first responsibility of engineering is to design safe
steering and suspension systems. Each component
must be strong enough to withstand and absorb extreme
punishment. Both the steering system and the front and
the rear suspension must function geometrically with
thebody mass.
The steering and the suspension systems require that
the front wheels self-return and that the tire rolling effort
and the road friction be held to a negligible force in order
to allow the customer to direct the vehicle with the least
effort and the most comfort.
A complete wheel alignment check should include
measurements of the rear toe and camber.
Four-wheel alignment assures that all four wheels will
be running in precisely the same direction.
When the vehicle is geometrically aligned, fuel economy
and tire life are at their peak, and steering and
performance are maximized.
TOE
Toe-in is the turning in of the tires, while toe-out is the
turning out of the tires from the geometric centerline or
thrust line. The toe ensures parallel rolling of the wheels.
The toe serves to offset the small deflections of the wheel
support system which occur when the vehicle is rolling
forward. The specified toe angle is the setting which
achieves 0 degrees of toe when the vehicle is moving.
Incorrect toe-in or toe-out will cause tire wear and
reduced fuel economy. As the individual steering and
suspension components wear from vehicle mileage,
additional toe will be needed to compensate for the wear.
Always correct the toe dimension last.
SECTION 2C
FRONT SUSPENSION
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SPECIFICATIONS
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
Type
Spring Type
Torsion Bar
Shock Absorber
Stabilizer Type
Double Wishbone
Torsion Bar Spring
1,040 mm
24.5 mm
Cylindrical Reciprocation Type
Torsion Bar Spring
Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2C-1
General Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2C-1
Fastener Tightening Specifications . . . . . . . . . 2C-2
Component Locator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2C-3
Front Suspension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2C-3
Maintenance and Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2C-4
On-Vehicle Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2C-4
Front Stabilizer Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2C-4
Application
Description
Torsion Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2C-6
Front Lower and Upper Arm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2C-8
Front Shock Absorber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2C-10
Axle Vertical Acceleration Sensor
(Wheel G Sensor) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2C-12
Vertical and Lateral Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2C-13
ECS (ECU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2C-14
Length
Outer Diameter(
f
)
2C-2 FRONT SUSPENSION
Application
Torque Arm Bolt
N
l
m
40 - 60
60 - 80
FASTENER TIGHTENING SPECIFICATIONS
Stabilizer Bar
Application
Stabilizer Bar Retaining Nut
Stabilizer Bar Link Nut
Lower Arm Nut
N
l
m
30 - 45
60 - 80
16 - 22
Torsion Bar
Lower and Upper Arm
Application
Upper Arm Nut
Upper Arm End Castle Nut
Lower Arm Nut
Lower Arm End Castle Nut
N
l
m
120 - 140
80 - 150
150 - 180
120 - 180
Steering Knuckle and Drive Shaft
Application
Brake Caliper Hose Bolt
Brake Caliper Mounting Bolt
Tie Rod Retaining Nut
Upper Arm Retaining Nut
Lower Arm Retaining Nut
N
l
m
25 - 35
85 - 105
35 - 45
80 - 150
120 - 180
M10
M12
FRONT SUSPENSION 2C-3
COMPONENT LOCATOR
FRONT SUSPENSION
1 Shock Absorber
2 Upper Arm
3 Steering Knuckle
4 Lower Arm
5 Stabilizer Bar Link
6 Stabilizer Bar
7 Suspension Bumper
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