Chrysler New Yorker. Manual — part 53
BATTERY
CONTENTS
page
page
GENERAL INFORMATION
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
OVERVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS AND WARNINGS . . . . . 2
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION
BATTERY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
BATTERY IGNITION OFF DRAW (IOD) . . . . . . . . 3
CHARGING TIME REQUIRED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING
BATTERY BUILT-IN TEST INDICATOR . . . . . . . . 4
BATTERY IGNITION OFF DRAW (IOD) . . . . . . . . 5
BATTERY LOAD TEST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
BATTERY OPEN CIRCUIT VOLTAGE TEST . . . . . 7
BATTERY TEST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
SERVICE PROCEDURES
BATTERY CHARGING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
CHARGING COMPLETELY DISCHARGED
BATTERY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
VISUAL INSPECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION
BATTERY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
SPECIFICATIONS
BATTERY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
TORQUE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
GENERAL INFORMATION
OVERVIEW
The battery, starting, and charging systems oper-
ate with one another, and must be tested as a com-
plete system. In order for the vehicle to start and
charge properly, all of the components involved in
these systems must perform within specifications.
These systems have been separated to allow easier
access throughout the Service Manual. The break-
down for complete system coverage is:
• Group 0, Lubrication & Maintenance
• Group 8A, Battery
• Group 8B, Starting System
• Group 8C, Charging System
• Group 8W, Wiring Diagrams
Remember these systems are link together while
testing. The diagnostic procedures used include from
conventional
diagnostic
procedures
to
the
more
sophisticated On-Board Diagnostics (OBD) built into
the Powertrain Control Module (PCM).
The following specialized equipment is needed to
perform all the tests in Group 8A:
• Battery Charger (min. 0-20 amp rated)
• Digital Multi Meter (capable of reading 400 mil-
liamps)
• Hydrometer (Except on Maintenance-Free bat-
teries)
• Volt/Ammeter/Load Tester
The PCM controls the charging system. Its OBD
capabilities monitor specific charging system func-
tions for faults. If a fault occurs, a Diagnostic Trouble
Code (DTC) is set in its memory. Fault codes and
their retrieval are covered in Group 8C, Charging
System.
INTRODUCTION
The current Model Year batteries are listed in the
Battery Specifications Chart. Use this chart to deter-
mine:
• Application for vehicle testing
• Maintenance-free or low-maintenance type
• Test Specifications
• Ratings and BCI Group Number
Determine the correct battery for the vehicle before
testing.
From the factory, most vehicles are equipped with
a maintenance-free battery, and others with a low-
maintenance battery. A Hydrometer test may be
required for low-maintenance batteries that is not
required on maintenance-free (sealed) batteries.
NOTE: Vehicles using a Maintenance-Free battery,
should be replaced with a Maintenance-Free battery.
Maintenance-free
batteries
have
non-removable
battery vent caps (Fig. 1). Water cannot be added to
this battery. Under normal service the composition of
this battery reduces gassing and water loss at nor-
mal charge rates. If the battery electrolyte level
becomes low, this battery must be replaced.
Low-maintenance batteries have removable battery
cell caps (Fig. 2). Water can be added to this battery.
Under normal service the composition of this battery
reduces gassing and water loss at normal charge
rates.
Rapid loss of electrolyte can be caused by an over
charging condition. Be certain to diagnose the charg-
300M
BATTERY
8A - 1
ing system before returning the vehicle to service.
Refer to Group 8C, Charging System for more infor-
mation.
It is important that the battery, starting and
charging systems be thoroughly tested and inspected
any time a battery needs to be charged or replaced.
The cause of abnormal discharge, over charging or
early battery failure must be corrected before a bat-
tery is replaced or returned to service.
The battery must be fully charged before any tests
can be performed.
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS AND WARNINGS
WARNING: WEAR SAFETY GLASSES.
DO NOT ALLOW JUMPER CABLE CLAMPS TO
TOUCH EACH OTHER WHEN CONNECTED TO A
BOOSTER SOURCE.
DO NOT USE OPEN FLAME NEAR BATTERY.
REMOVE METALLIC JEWELRY WORN ON HANDS
OR WRISTS TO AVOID INJURY BY ACCIDENTAL
ARCING OF BATTERY CURRENT.
WHEN
USING
A
HIGH
OUTPUT
BOOSTING
DEVICE, DO NOT ALLOW THE DISABLED VEHI-
CLE’S BATTERY TO EXCEED 16 VOLTS. PER-
SONAL INJURY OR DAMAGE TO ELECTRICAL
SYSTEM CAN RESULT.
TO PROTECT THE HANDS FROM BATTERY ACID,
A SUITABLE
PAIR
OF
HEAVY DUTY RUBBER
GLOVES, NOT THE HOUSEHOLD TYPE, SHOULD
BE WORN WHEN REMOVING OR SERVICING A
BATTERY. SAFETY GLASSES ALSO SHOULD BE
WORN.
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION
BATTERY
The battery has three major electrical system func-
tions: First, it provides an energy source for cranking
the engine; second, it acts as an electrical system
voltage stabilizer; third, it delivers electrical current
to operate various electrical systems in the vehicle,
for a limited time, when the electrical load exceeds
the generator output or during engine off conditions.
The battery is a device used to store electrical
energy potential in a chemical form. When an electri-
cal load is applied to the battery terminals, an elec-
trochemical reaction occurs within the battery. This
reaction causes the battery to discharge electrical
current.
The battery is made up of six individual cells that
are connected in series. Each cell contains positive
charged plate groups made of lead oxide, and nega-
tively charged plate groups made of sponge lead. The
dissimilar metal plates are submerged in a sulfuric
acid and water solution called an electrolyte.
As the battery discharges, a gradual chemical
change takes place within each cell. The sulfuric acid
in the electrolyte combines with the plate material
causing both plates to slowly change to lead sulfate.
At the same time, oxygen from the positive plate
material combines with hydrogen from the sulfuric
acid, causing the electrolyte to become mainly water.
The chemical changes within the battery are
caused by the movement of excess or free electrons
between the positive and negative plate groups. This
movement of electrons produces a flow of electrical
current through the load device attached to the bat-
tery terminals. As the plate materials become more
similar chemically, and the electrolyte becomes less
acid, the voltage potential of each cell is reduced.
However, by charging the battery with a voltage
higher than that of the battery, the battery discharg-
ing process is reversed.
Charging the battery gradually changes the sul-
fated lead plates back into sponge lead and lead
oxide, and the water back into sulfuric acid. This
Fig. 1 Maintenance Free Battery
Fig. 2 Low Maintenance Battery
8A - 2
BATTERY
300M
GENERAL INFORMATION (Continued)
action restores the difference in the electron charges
deposited on the plates, and the voltage potential of
the battery cells.
For a battery to remain useful, it must be able to
produce
high-amperage
current
over
an
extend
period. A battery must also be able to accept a charge
so that its voltage potential may be restored.
In addition to producing and storing electrical
energy, the battery serves as a capacitor, or voltage
stabilizer, for a vehicle’s electrical system. It absorbs
most abnormal or transient voltages caused by the
switching of any of the vehicle’s electrical compo-
nents.
The battery is vented to release excess hydrogen
gas that is created when the battery is being charged
or discharged. However, even with these vents, the
hydrogen gas can collect in or around the battery.
hydrogen gas is exposed to flame or sparks, it might
ignite.
If the electrolyte level is low, the battery may arc
internally and explode. If the battery is equipped
with removable cell caps, add distilled water when-
ever the electrolyte level is below the top of the
plates. If the battery cell caps cannot be removed, the
battery must be replaced if the electrolyte level
becomes low.
BATTERY IGNITION OFF DRAW (IOD)
A completely normal vehicle will have a small
amount of current drain on the battery with the key
out of the ignition. It can range from 5 to 25 milli-
amperes after all the modules time out. If a vehicle
will not be operated for approximately a 20 days, the
IOD fuse should be pulled to eliminate the vehicle
electrical drain on the battery during storage. The
IOD fuse (M1) is located in the Junction Block. Refer
to the raised fuse or the cover of the Junction Block
for proper fuse.
CHARGING TIME REQUIRED
The time required to charge a battery will vary
depending upon the following factors.
SIZE OF BATTERY
A completely discharged large heavy-duty battery
may require more recharging time than a completely
discharged small capacity battery. Refer to Battery
Charging Timetable.
WARNING:
NEVER
EXCEED
20
AMPS
WHEN
CHARGING A COLD -1°C (30°F) BATTERY. THE BAT-
TERY MAY ARC INTERNALLY AND EXPLODE. PER-
SONAL INJURY AND/OR VEHICLE DAMAGE MAY
RESULT.
WARNING: DO
NOT
CHARGE,
ASSIST
BOOST,
LOAD TEST, OR ADD WATER TO THE BATTERY
WHEN CLEAR COLOR DOT IS VISIBLE, PERSONAL
INJURY MAY OCCUR.
A clear color dot shows electrolyte level in the bat-
tery is below the test indicator (Fig. 3). Water cannot
be added to a maintenance free battery. The battery
must be replaced. A low electrolyte level may be
caused by an over charging condition. Refer to Group
8C, Generator System for test procedures.
TEMPERATURE
A longer time will be needed to charge a battery at
-18°C (0°F) than at 27°C (80°F). When a fast charger
is connected to a cold battery, current accepted by
battery will be very low at first. In time, the battery
will accept a higher rate as battery temperature
warms.
CHARGER CAPACITY
A charger which can supply only five amperes will
require a much longer period of charging than a
charger that can supply 20 amperes or more.
BATTERY CHARGING TIMETABLE
OPEN
CIRCUIT
VOLTAGE
CHARGING AMPERAGE
5
AMPERES
10
AMPERES
20
AMPERES
HOURS CHARGING AT 21°C (70°F)
12.25 TO
12.39
6 HOURS
3 HOURS
1.5 HOURS
12.00 TO
12.24
8 HOURS
4 HOURS
2 HOURS
11.95 TO
11.99
12
HOURS
6 HOURS
3 HOURS
10.00 TO
11.94
14
HOURS
7 HOURS
3.5 HOURS
LESS THAN
10.00
SEE CHARGING A COMPLETELY
DISCHARGED BATTERY
Fig. 3 Test Indicator
300M
BATTERY
8A - 3
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION (Continued)
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