Nissan PULSAR N13 Series / ASTRA LD Series. Manual — part 20

Cooling and Heating Systems

81

continuous stream of bubbles indicates that the refriger-
ant charge is low.

A large number of bubbles or foam indicates that

the refrigerant charge is very low.

No bubbles or the presence of oil streaks in the

sight glass indicate that the system is completely
empty.

NOTE: If the outside air temperature is
high, a certain number of bubbles may be
observed in the sight glass, even though the
system is fully charged.

If the system requires recharging, the vehicle

should be taken to an authorized dealer for evacu-
ation, leak testing and recharging.

Do not operate the system if it is known that the

refrigerant charge is low as damage may result.

MAINTENANCE

The air conditioning system requires little main-

tenance other than the following. Where applicable,
refer to the Lubrication and Maintenance section for
the recommended service intervals.

(1) Check the refrigerant charge level in the

receiver/dryer sight glass. Recharge the system as
necessary. It is considered normal for the system to
require periodic recharging.

(2) Inspect the air conditioner pipes and hoses

for leaks, deterioration and alignment. Evidence of oil
leakage is an indication of refrigerant leakage. Repair
or renew as necessary.

(3) Inspect the evaporator drain tube and the

condenser cooling fins for blockage. Clean as neces-
sary.

(4) Check the drive belt for deterioration and for

correct tension. Refer to the Engine Tune-up section
for the correct procedure.

(5) Operate the system at least once a week for

approximately 15 minutes to keep the compressor
seals lubricated.

82

FUEL AND ENGINE MANAGEMENT

CAUTION: To prevent severe electrical shock, extreme care must be taken when
working on or near the electronic ignition system as dangerous high tension voltages
are produced in both the primary and secondary circuits. See the text for
precautionary notes.

SPECIFICATIONS

FUEL INJECTION

Type:

1.6 liter engine. . . . . . . . .. Single point

1.8 liter engine. . . . . . . . ... Multi point

FUEL PUMP

Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Electric

Pressure at idle:

1.6 liter engine . . . . . . . . . .62-90 kPa

1.8 liter engine . . . . . . . . 190-230 kPa

FUEL FILTER

Type . . . . . . . . . . . . Inline, disposable

AIR FILTER

Type . . . . . . . . ... Disposable paper element

DISTRIBUTOR

Make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delco Remy

Advance control . . . . . . . . . . .. Electronic

Rotation of rotor . . . . . . . . ..Anti-clockwise

Firing order. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 -3-4-2

ADJUSTMENTS

Base idle speed . . . . . . . . . . 550-650 rpm

Ignition timing. . . . . . . . . . .. 10° BTDC

TORQUE WRENCH SETTINGS

Throttle body nuts . . . . . . . . . . .. 10 Nm

*Throttle body bolts . . . . . . . . . . 12 Nm

*Fuel hose fittings. . . . . . . . . . . 35 Nm

Fuel rail bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Nm

Fuel tank drain plug. . . . . . . . . . 24 Nm

Coolant temperature sensor . . . . . . . 12 Nm

Oxygen sensor. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 40 Nm

MAT sensor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Nm

*1.6 liter engine
l . 8 liter engine

1. FUEL AND ENGINE MANAGEMENT

TROUBLE SHOOTING

NOTE: The following Trouble Shooting pro-
cedures are basic checks only. If these pro-
cedures fail to locate the fault, refer to the
System Diagnosis and Adjustments heading
for more thorough testing.

Prior to performing any of the following

operations, refer to the Service Precautions
and Procedures heading.

ENGINE WILL NOT START OR HARD TO

START

(1) Water in the fuel: Drain the fuel from the

system and renew the fuel filter.

(2) Fault in the power supply: Check the battery,

fusible links and fuses. Check for clean, secure con-
nections, particularly the earth connections. Check the
EG1 and fuel pump relays.

NOTE: If the fuel pump relay fails, power
will be supplied to the fuel pump via the oil
pressure switch. When starting the engine,

Check that the MAP sensor hose is not blocked or split

and ensure that all electrical connections are clean and

secure.

Fuel and Engine Management

83

the fuel pump will not operate until the oil
pressure is sufficient to extinguish the oil
pressure warning lamp. Therefore it will be
necessary to operate the starter motor for a
longer period than usual to start the engine.

(3) Faulty EFI component wiring connections:

Check that all component wiring connections are
clean and secure.

(4) Manifold absolute pressure (MAP) sensor

vacuum hose blocked or disconnected: Clear or recon-
nect the vacuum hose.

(5) Fault in the ignition system: Check the

primary and secondary ignition circuits.

(6) Engine flooded: Fully depress the throttle

pedal until the engine starts. Check the coolant
temperature sensor. Check the injector(s) for leakage.

ENGINE STARTS THEN STALLS

(1) Water in the fuel: Drain the fuel from the

system and renew the fuel filter.

(2) Air leakage at the inlet manifold: Check all

joints and hoses for air leaks.

(3) Faulty EFI wiring connections: Check that

all component wiring connections are clean and
secure.

(4) Ignition timing incorrectly set: Check and

adjust the timing.

(5) MAP sensor faulty or supply hose discon-

nected or blocked: Check the vacuum supply hose.
Check the operation of the MAP sensor.

ENGINE MISFIRES

(1) Faulty, dirty or incorrectly adjusted spark

plugs: Renew or clean and adjust the spark plugs.

(2) Condensation in the distributor cap: Dry and

examine the cap for cracks.

(3) Faulty high tension leads: Check and renew

the high tension leads.

Testing the fuel system pressure using a pressure

gauge.

(4) Faulty ignition coil: Check and renew the

ignition coil.

(5) Fuel blockage: Check for blockage in the fuel

filter, lines and injector(s).

(6) Low fuel pressure: Check the fuel pump and

fuel pressure regulator.

(7) Water in the fuel: Drain the fuel from the

system and renew the fuel filter.

(8) Loose fuel supply wiring connectors: Check

all connectors for tightness.

(9) Faulty fuel injector: Check the connections

and test the condition of the fuel injectors.

ENGINE LACKS POWER

(1) Ignition timing incorrectly set: Check and

adjust the timing.

(2) Water in the fuel: Drain the fuel from the

system and renew the fuel filter.

(3) Incorrectly adjusted throttle cable: Adjust the

throttle cable.

Check the distributor cap for cracks or tracking be-

tween the terminals.

The air filter element should be renewed at 40 000 km

intervals. 1.8 liter engine.

Fuel and Engine Management

(4) MAP sensor faulty or supply hose discon-

nected or blocked: Check the vacuum supply hose.
Check the operation of the MAP sensor.

EXCESSIVE FUEL CONSUMPTION

(1) Blocked air cleaner element: Check the ele-

ment and clean or renew as necessary.

(2) Incorrect fuel pressure: Check the fuel pump

and fuel pressure regulator.

(3) Faulty coolant temperature sensor: Check

the connections and operation.

(4) Leaks in the fuel supply system: Check the

connections and components for leakage.

(5) Leaking fuel injector(s): Clean or renew the

faulty injector(s).

(6) Engine operating temperature too low:

Check the thermostat and electric cooling fan as
described in the Cooling and Heating Systems section.

2. DESCRIPTION

The engine management system on the range of

vehicles covered by this manual controls the opera-
tion of the ignition system and the fuel system.

The central component of the engine management

system is the electronic control unit (ECU). The con-
trol unit is a micro-computer which controls the igni-
tion timing and the amount of fuel injected according
to signals received from various sensors. As changes
are detected in engine load and speed, coolant tem-
perature, barometric pressure, air temperature (1.8
liter engine), throttle position and vehicle speed, the
control unit alters the ignition timing and the fuel
injection amount to achieve optimum engine effi-
ciency.

The control unit incorporates a self diagnosis

mode which stores and displays codes relating to
certain system malfunctions. Whenever power is sup-
plied to the control unit, the control unit performs a

View of the 1.8 liter engine showing the engine management components.

Ensure that all fuel connections are securely tightened

.