Toyota Tundra (2019 year). Instruction — part 39

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Fuel information

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Identifying flex-fuel vehicles



Gasoline engine (

P. 600)

You must only use unleaded gasoline.
Select octane rating 87 (Research Octane Number 91) or higher.
Use of unleaded gasoline with an octane rating lower than 87
may result in engine knocking. Persistent knocking can lead to
engine damage.

At minimum, the gasoline you use should meet the specifications of
ASTM D4814 in the U.S.A.



Flex-fuel engine (

P. 600)

You must only use unleaded gasoline, E85, or a blend of the two
fuels.
Unleaded gasoline (Octane rating 87 [Research Octane Number
91] or higher), E85, or a blend of two fuels is required for opti-
mum engine performance.
The use of unleaded gasoline with an octane rating lower than
87 may result in engine knocking. Persistent knocking can lead
to engine damage.
The use of fuel with an ethanol concentration in excess of 85%
will have a negative impact on driving performance and can
cause damage to the fuel system components.

At minimum, the gasoline you use should meet the specifications of
ASTM D4814 in the U.S.A.
At minimum, the E85 you use should meet the specifications of
ASTM D5798 in the U.S.A.

Flex-fuel vehicles can be identified by the
fuel tank cap, which is marked “FLEX-
FUEL E85/GASOLINE”.

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Gasoline quality
In very few cases, driveability problems may be caused by the brand of gaso-
line you are using. If driveability problems persist, try changing the brand of
gasoline. If this does not correct the problem, consult your Toyota dealer.

■

E85 fuel (Flex-fuel vehicles)

●

E85 fuel is a blend of 85% ethanol and 15% gasoline. However, E85 does
not necessarily contain 85% ethanol. For example, in cold climates the etha-
nol content of E85 may be reduced during the winter months to maintain
cold weather starting performance.

●

E85 has less energy per gallon than gasoline, so you will need to fill your
fuel tank more frequently when using E85.

●

The number of fuel stations that sell E85 fuel is limited. For more information
about fueling stations, please refer to the U.S. Department of Energy Web
site.
http://www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/locator/stations/

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Recommendation of the use of gasoline containing detergent additives

●

Toyota recommends the use of gasoline that contains detergent additives to
avoid build-up of engine deposits.

●

All gasoline sold in the U.S.A. contains minimum detergent additives to
clean and/or keep clean intake systems, per EPA’s lowest additives concen-
tration program.

●

Toyota strongly recommends the use of Top Tier Detergent Gasoline. For
more information on Top Tier Detergent Gasoline and a list of marketers,
please go to the official website www.toptiergas.com.

■

Recommendation of the use of low emissions gasoline
Gasolines containing oxygenates such as ethers and ethanol, as well as
reformulated gasolines, are available in some cities. These fuels are typically
acceptable for use, providing they meet other fuel requirements.
Toyota recommends these fuels, since the formulations allow for reduced
vehicle emissions.

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Non-recommendation of the use of blended gasoline (gasoline engine)

●

If you use gasohol in your vehicle, be sure that it has an octane rating no
lower than 87.

●

Toyota does not recommend the use of gasoline containing methanol.

■

Non-recommendation of the use of gasoline containing MMT
Some gasoline contains an octane enhancing additive called MMT (Methylcy-
clopentadienyl Manganese Tricarbonyl).
Toyota does not recommend the use of gasoline that contains MMT. If fuel
containing MMT is used, your emission control system may be adversely
affected.
The malfunction indicator lamp on the instrument cluster may come on. If this
happens, contact your Toyota dealer for service.

■

Non-recommendation of the use of after-market fuel additives (Flex-fuel
vehicles)
Do not use any after-market fuel additives when repeatedly refueling with
E85, as some after-market fuel additives are not compatible with E85.

■

If your engine knocks

●

Consult your Toyota dealer.

●

You may occasionally notice light knocking for a short time while accelerat-
ing or driving uphill. This is normal and there is no need for concern.

●

Use only gasoline containing up to 15%
ethanol.
DO NOT use any flex-fuel or gasoline
that could contain more than 15% etha-
nol, including from any pump labeled
E30, E50, E85 (which are only some
examples of fuel containing more than
15% ethanol).

DO NOT use gasoline contain-
ing more than 15% ethanol.

(30% ethanol)

(50% ethanol)

(85% ethanol)

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NOTICE

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Notice on fuel quality

●

Do not use improper fuels. If improper fuels are used, the engine will be
damaged.

●

Do not use leaded gasoline.
Leaded gasoline can cause damage to your vehicle’s three-way catalytic
converters causing the emission control system to malfunction.

●

Gasoline engine: Do not use gasohol other than the type previously
stated.
Other gasohol may cause fuel system damage or vehicle performance
problems.

●

Using unleaded gasoline with an octane number or rating lower than the
level previously stated will cause persistent heavy knocking.
At worst, this will lead to engine damage.

■

When use of non-specified fuels (Flex-fuel engine)
The use of non-specified fuels will have a negative impact on starting and
driving performance, and will cause damage to the fuel system compo-
nents. Therefore, do not add fuels such as the following.

●

Fuels containing methanol

●

Fuels with more than 85% ethanol

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Fuel-related poor driveability
If poor driveability (poor hot starting, vaporization, engine knocking, etc.) is
encountered after using a different type of fuel, discontinue the use of that
type of fuel.

■

When refueling with gasohol
Take care not to spill gasohol. It can damage your vehicle’s paint.

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Tire information

Tire size

(

P. 614)

DOT and Tire Identification Number (TIN)

(

P. 614)

Location of treadwear indicators

(

P. 495)

Tire ply composition and materials

Plies are layers of rubber-coated parallel cords. Cords are the strands

which form the plies in a tire.

Uniform tire quality grading

For details, see “Uniform Tire Quality Grading” that follows.

Load limit at maximum cold tire inflation pressure

(

P. 618)

Maximum cold tire inflation pressure

(

P. 618)

This means the pressure to which a tire may be inflated.

TUBELESS or TUBE TYPE

A tubeless tire does not have a tube and air is directly put into the tire.

A tube type tire has a tube inside the tire and the tube maintains the air

pressure.

Radial tires or bias-ply tires

A radial tire has “RADIAL” on the sidewall. A tire not marked “RADIAL”

is a bias-ply tire.

Summer tire or all season tire

(

P. 500)

An all season tire has “M+S” on the sidewall. A tire not marked “M+S”

is a summer tire.

Typical tire symbols

614

DOT symbol

Tire Identification Number (TIN)
Tire manufacturer’s identification mark
Tire size code
Manufacturer’s optional tire type code (3 or 4 letters)
Manufacturing week
Manufacturing year
Manufacturer’s code

: The DOT symbol certifies that the tire conforms to applicable Federal

Motor Vehicle Safety Standards.

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Typical tire size information
The illustration indicates typical
tire size.

Tire use
(P = Passenger car,
T = Temporary use)
Section width (millimeters)
Aspect ratio
(tire height to section width)
Tire construction code
(R = Radial, D = Diagonal)
Wheel diameter (inches)

Typical DOT and Tire Identification Number (TIN)



Type A



Type B

Tire size

615

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Load index
(2 digits or 3 digits)
Speed symbol
(alphabet with one letter)

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Tire dimensions

Section width
Tire height
Wheel diameter

Bead
Sidewall
Shoulder
Tread
Belt
Inner liner
Reinforcing rubber
Carcass
Rim lines
Bead wires
Chafer

Tire section names

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This information has been prepared in accordance with regulations
issued by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration of the
U.S. Department of Transportation.
It provides the purchasers and/or prospective purchasers of Toyota
vehicles with information on uniform tire quality grading.

Your Toyota dealer will help answer any questions you may have as

you read this information.

■

DOT quality grades
All passenger vehicle tires must conform to Federal Safety Require-
ments in addition to these grades. Quality grades can be found
where applicable on the tire sidewall between tread shoulder and
maximum section width.

For example: Treadwear 200 Traction AA Temperature A

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Treadwear
The treadwear grade is a comparative rating based on the wear
rate of the tire when tested under controlled conditions on a speci-
fied government test course.

For example, a tire graded 150 would wear one and a half (1 - 1/2)

times as well on the government course as a tire graded 100.

The relative performance of tires depends upon the actual condi-

tions of their use. Performance may differ significantly from the norm

due to variations in driving habits, service practices and differences

in road characteristics and climate.

Uniform Tire Quality Grading

617

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Traction AA, A, B, C
The traction grades, from highest to lowest, are AA, A, B and C,
and they represent the tire’s ability to stop on wet pavement as
measured under controlled conditions on specified government test
surfaces of asphalt and concrete.

A tire marked C may have poor traction performance.
Warning: The traction grade assigned to this tire is based on braking

(straight ahead) traction tests and does not include cornering (turn-

ing) traction.

■

Temperature A, B, C
The temperature grades are A (the highest), B, and C, representing
the tire’s resistance to the generation of heat and its ability to dissi-
pate heat when tested under controlled conditions on a specified
indoor laboratory test wheel.

Sustained high temperature can cause the material of the tire to

degenerate and reduce tire life, and excessive temperature can lead

to sudden tire failure.
Grade C corresponds to a level of performance which all passenger

car tires must meet under the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Stan-

dard No. 109.
Grades B and A represent higher levels of performance on the labo-

ratory test wheel than the minimum required by law.
Warning: The temperature grades of a tire assume that it is properly

inflated and not overloaded.

Excessive speed, underinflation, or excessive loading, either sepa-

rately or in combination, can cause heat buildup and possible tire

failure.

618

Glossary of tire terminology

Tire related term

Meaning

Cold tire inflation pres-

sure

Tire pressure when the vehicle has been

parked for three hours or more, or has not

been driven more than 1 mile or 1.5 km under

that condition

Maximum

inflation

pressure

The maximum cold inflated pressure to which

a tire may be inflated, shown on the sidewall

of the tire

Recommended infla-

tion pressure

Cold tire inflation pressure recommended by a

manufacturer

Accessory weight

The combined weight (in excess of those stan-

dard items which may be replaced) of auto-

matic transmission, power steering, power

brakes, power windows, power seats, radio

and heater, to the extent that these items are

available as factory-installed equipment

(whether installed or not)

Curb weight

The weight of a motor vehicle with standard

equipment, including the maximum capacity of

fuel, oil and coolant, and if so equipped, air

conditioning and additional weight optional

engine

Maximum loaded vehi-

cle weight

The sum of:

(a) Curb weight

(b) Accessory weight

(d) Production options weight

Normal

occupant

weight

150 lb. (68 kg) times the number of occupants

specified in the second column of Table 1

that follows

Occupant distribution

Distribution of occupants in a vehicle as speci-

fied in the third column of Table 1

below

Production

options

weight

The combined weight of installed regular pro-

duction options weighing over 5 lb. (2.3 kg) in

excess of the standard items which they

replace, not previously considered in curb

weight or accessory weight, including heavy

duty brakes, ride levelers, roof rack, heavy

duty battery, and special trim

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Rim

A metal support for a tire or a tire and tube

assembly upon which the tire beads are

seated

Rim diameter

(Wheel diameter)

Nominal diameter of the bead seat

Rim size designation

Rim diameter and width

Rim type designation

The industry manufacturer’s designation for a

rim by style or code

Rim width

Nominal distance between rim flanges

Vehicle

capacity

weight

(Total

load

capacity)

The rated cargo and luggage load plus 150 lb.

(68 kg) times the vehicle’s designated seating

capacity

Vehicle maximum load

on the tire

The load on an individual tire that is deter-

mined by distributing to each axle its share of

the maximum loaded vehicle weight, and

dividing by two

Vehicle normal load on

the tire

The load on an individual tire that is deter-

mined by distributing to each axle its share of

curb weight, accessory weight, and normal

occupant weight (distributed in accordance

with Table 1

below), and dividing by two

Weather side

The surface area of the rim not covered by the

inflated tire

Bead

The part of the tire that is made of steel wires,

wrapped or reinforced by ply cords and that is

shaped to fit the rim

Bead separation

A breakdown of the bond between compo-

nents in the bead

Bias ply tire

A pneumatic tire in which the ply cords that

extend to the beads are laid at alternate

angles substantially less than 90 degrees to

the centerline of the tread

Carcass

The tire structure, except tread and sidewall

rubber which, when inflated, bears the load

Chunking

The breaking away of pieces of the tread or

sidewall

Cord

The strands forming the plies in the tire

Tire related term

Meaning

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Cord separation

The parting of cords from adjacent rubber

compounds

Cracking

Any parting within the tread, sidewall, or inner-

liner of the tire extending to cord material

A pneumatic tire with an inverted flange tire

and rim system in which the rim is designed

with rim flanges pointed radially inward and

the tire is designed to fit on the underside of

the rim in a manner that encloses the rim

flanges inside the air cavity of the tire

Extra load tire

A tire designed to operate at higher loads and

at higher inflation pressures than the corre-

sponding standard tire

Groove

The space between two adjacent tread ribs

Innerliner

The layer(s) forming the inside surface of a

tubeless tire that contains the inflating medium

within the tire

Innerliner separation

The parting of the innerliner from cord material

in the carcass

Intended

outboard

sidewall

(a) The sidewall that contains a whitewall,

bears white lettering, or bears manufac-

turer, brand, and/or model name molding

that is higher or deeper than the same

molding on the other sidewall of the tire, or

(b) The outward facing sidewall of an asym-

metrical tire that has a particular side that

must always face outward when mounted

on a vehicle

Light truck (LT) tire

A tire designated by its manufacturer as pri-

marily intended for use on lightweight trucks

or multipurpose passenger vehicles

Load rating

The maximum load that a tire is rated to carry

for a given inflation pressure

Maximum load rating

The load rating for a tire at the maximum per-

missible inflation pressure for that tire

Maximum permissible

inflation pressure

The maximum cold inflation pressure to which

a tire may be inflated

Measuring rim

The rim on which a tire is fitted for physical

dimension requirements

Tire related term

Meaning

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Open splice

Any parting at any junction of tread, sidewall,

or innerliner that extends to cord material

Outer diameter

The overall diameter of an inflated new tire

Overall width

The linear distance between the exteriors of

the sidewalls of an inflated tire, including ele-

vations due to labeling, decorations, or protec-

tive bands or ribs

Passenger car tire

A tire intended for use on passenger cars,

multipurpose passenger vehicles, and trucks,

that have a gross vehicle weight rating

(GVWR) of 10,000 lb. or less.

Ply

A layer of rubber-coated parallel cords

Ply separation

A parting of rubber compound between adja-

cent plies

Pneumatic tire

A mechanical device made of rubber, chemi-

cals, fabric and steel or other materials, that,

when mounted on an automotive wheel, pro-

vides the traction and contains the gas or fluid

that sustains the load

Radial ply tire

A pneumatic tire in which the ply cords that

extend to the beads are laid at substantially 90

degrees to the centerline of the tread

Reinforced tire

A tire designed to operate at higher loads and

at higher inflation pressures than the corre-

sponding standard tire

Section width

The linear distance between the exteriors of

the sidewalls of an inflated tire, excluding ele-

vations due to labeling, decoration, or protec-

tive bands

Sidewall

That portion of a tire between the tread and

bead

Sidewall separation

The parting of the rubber compound from the

cord material in the sidewall

Tire related term

Meaning

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: Table 1

 Occupant loading and distribution for vehicle normal load for

various designated seating capacities

Snow tire

A tire that attains a traction index equal to or

greater than 110, compared to the ASTM E-

1136 Standard Reference Test Tire, when

using the snow traction test as described in

ASTM F-1805-00, Standard Test Method for

Single Wheel Driving Traction in a Straight

Line on Snow-and Ice-Covered Surfaces, and
which is marked with an Alpine Symbol (

)

on at least one sidewall

Test rim

The rim on which a tire is fitted for testing, and

may be any rim listed as appropriate for use

with that tire

Tread

That portion of a tire that comes into contact

with the road

Tread rib

A tread section running circumferentially

around a tire

Tread separation

Pulling away of the tread from the tire carcass

Treadwear indicators

(TWI)

The projections within the principal grooves

designed to give a visual indication of the

degrees of wear of the tread

Wheel-holding fixture

The fixture used to hold the wheel and tire

assembly securely during testing

Tire related term

Meaning

Designated seating

capacity, Number of

occupants

Vehicle normal load,

Number of occupants

Occupant distribution

in a normally loaded

vehicle

2 through 4

2 in front

5 through 10

2 in front, 1 in second

seat

11 through 15

2 in front, 1 in second

seat, 1 in third seat,

1 in fourth seat

16 through 20

2 in front, 2 in second

seat, 2 in third seat,

1 in fourth seat

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9-2. Customization

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