Volvo V60 Cross Country (2018 year). Instruction — part 18
STARTING AND DRIVING
}}
295
Towing the vehicle
Always check with state and local authorities
before attempting to tow another vehicle
because this type of towing is subject to regula-
tions regarding maximum towing speed, length
and type of towing device, lighting, etc.
1. With the remote key fully pressed into the
ignition slot
15
, press START/STOP ENGINE
for approximately 2 seconds to activate igni-
tion mode II.
2. The remote key must remain in the ignition
slot
16
for the entire time that the vehicle is
being towed.
3. Keep the tow rope taut when the towing
vehicle slows down by applying light pressure
on the brake pedal. This will help prevent jar-
ring movements of the vehicle being towed.
4. Be prepared to apply the brakes to stop the
vehicle being towed.
General towing precautions:
•
Please check with state and local author-
ities before attempting this type of tow-
ing, as vehicles being towed are subject
to regulations regarding maximum towing
speed, length and type of towing device,
lighting, etc.
•
If the vehicle's battery is dead, see Jump
starting (p. 262) to provide current for
releasing the electric parking brake and
to move the gear selector from the P
position to N. If this is not possible, see
Transmission – shiftlock override (p. 267)
for information about manually overriding
the shiftlock system to move the gear
selector from P to N.
•
Maximum speed: 50 mph (80 km/h). Do
not exceed the maximum allowable tow-
ing speed.
•
Maximum distance with front wheels on
ground: 50 miles (80 km).
•
The vehicle should only be towed in the
forward direction.
Related information
•
•
Remote key – functions (p. 155)
Towing eyelet
When used, the towing eyelet should always be
securing attached.
Removing the front/rear covers
15
Not necessary in vehicles with the optional keyless drive.
16
For vehicles with the optional keyless drive, the remote key must be in the vehicle.
||
STARTING AND DRIVING
296
Attaching the towing eyelet
The towing eyelet is located under the floor
of the cargo area, with the spare tire. This
eyelet must be screwed into the positions
provided on the right sides of either the front
or rear bumper (see illustration).
There are two different types of covers over
the openings for the towing eyelet and they
have to be opened differently.
•
If the cover has a notch, insert a coin, etc.,
into the notch and pry open the edge of
the cover. Open the cover completely and
remove it.
•
If the cover has a mark along one edge or
in a corner, press the mark while prying
out the opposite side/corner using a coin,
etc. Open the cover and remove it.
Screw the towing eyelet in place, first by hand
and then using the tire iron until it is securely in
place.
After the vehicle has been towed, the eyelet
should be removed and returned to its storage
location.
Press the cover for the attachment point back
into position.
WARNING
•
When the vehicle is being towed, the igni-
tion should be in mode II (in mode I, all of
the vehicle's airbags are deactivated). For
more information, see Ignition modes
(p. 82)
•
Never remove the remote key from the
ignition slot when the vehicle is being
towed. For vehicles with keyless drive, the
remote key must remain inside the vehi-
cle.
•
The power brakes and power steering will
not function when the engine is not run-
ning. Approximately 5 times more pres-
sure will be required on the brake pedal
and the steering wheel will be considera-
bly harder to turn.
•
The towing eyelets must not be used for
pulling the vehicle out of a ditch or for
any similar purpose involving severe
strain.
Related information
•
•
Towing by tow truck
When necessary, call for professional help from
an authorized towing company. Volvo recom-
mends the use of flat bed equipment.
In certain conditions, the towing eyelet
may be used to pull the vehicle onto a
flatbed tow truck.
•
The vehicle's position and ground clear-
ance determine if it can be pulled up onto
a flatbed tow truck using the towing eye-
let.
•
If the angle of the tow truck’s ramp is too
steep or the ground clearance under the
vehicle is insufficient, damage could
occur by attempting to pull the vehicle
using the towing eyelet.
•
If necessary, lift the vehicle using the tow
truck’s lifting device.
WARNING
No person or object should be behind the tow
truck while the vehicle is being pulled up onto
the flatbed.
WHEELS AND TIRES
300
Tires – general information
Your vehicle is equipped with tires according to
the vehicle's tire information placard on the B-
pillar (the structural member at the side of the
vehicle, at the rear of the driver's door opening).
Introduction
Some Volvo models are equipped with an
Ultra High Performance tire and wheel com-
bination designed to provide maximum dry
pavement performance with consideration for
hydroplaning resistance. They may be more
susceptible to road hazard damage and,
depending on driving conditions, may achieve
a tread life of less than 20,000 miles (30,000
km). Even if this vehicle is equipped with Vol-
vo’s advanced AWD or stability system, these
tires are not designed for winter driving, and
should be replaced with winter tires when
weather conditions dictate.
The tires have good road holding characteristics
and offer good handling on dry and wet surfaces.
It should be noted however that the tires have
been developed to give these features on snow/
ice-free surfaces.
Most models are equipped with "all-season" tires,
which provide a somewhat higher degree of road
holding on slippery surfaces than tires without
the "all-season" rating. However, for optimum
road holding on icy or snow-covered roads, we
recommend suitable winter tires on all four
wheels.
When replacing tires, be sure that the new tires
are the same size designation, type (radial) and
preferably from the same manufacturer, on all
four wheels. Otherwise there is a risk of altering
the car's roadholding and handling characteris-
tics.
Tire rotation
Your vehicle has no required tire rotation. Tire
wear is affected by a number of factors such as
tire inflation, ambient temperature, driving style,
etc.
•
If the tires are rotated, they should only
be moved from front to rear or vice versa.
They should never be rotated left to
right/right to left.
•
Ideally, tire rotation should be done the
first time after approximately 3,000 miles
(5,000 km) and thereafter at 6,000-mile
(10,000-km) intervals. Some customers
find that tire rotation may help to get
extra mileage from tire life.
•
Tire rotation should only be performed if
front/rear tire wear is fairly even and
tread height is above 1/16" (1.6 mm).
Related information
•
•
Changing a wheel – direction of rotation
(p. 303)
•
WHEELS AND TIRES
301
Tires – storage and age
When storing complete wheels (tires mounted
on rims), they should be suspended off the floor
or placed on their sides on the floor.
New Tires
Remember that tires are perishable goods. As of
2000, the manufacturing week and year (Depart-
ment of Transportation (DOT) stamp) will be indi-
cated with 4 digits (e.g., 1513 means that the tire
illustrated was manufactured during week 15 of
2013).
Tire age
Tires degrade over time, even when they are not
being used. It is recommended that tires gener-
ally be replaced after 6 years of normal service.
Heat caused by hot climates, frequent high load-
ing conditions or Ultra Violet (U.V.) exposure can
accelerate the aging process. The temporary
spare
1
should also be replaced at 6-year inter-
vals, even if it has never been used.
A tire's age can be determined by the DOT stamp
on the sidewall (see the illustration).
A tire with e.g., visible cracks or discoloration
should be replaced immediately.
Storing wheels and tires
When storing completes wheels (tires mounted
on rims), they should be suspended off the floor
or placed on their sides on the floor.
Tires not mounted on rims should be stored on
their sides or standing upright, but should not be
suspended.
Tires should preferably be stored in a cool,
dry, dark place, and should never be stored in
close proximity to solvents, gasoline, oils, etc.
WARNING
•
The wheel and tire sizes for your Volvo
are specified to meet stringent stability
and handling requirements. Unapproved
wheel/tire size combinations can nega-
tively affect your vehicle's stability and
handling.
•
Any damage caused by installation of
unapproved wheel/tire size combinations
will not be covered by your new vehicle
warranty. Volvo assumes no responsibility
for death, injury, or expenses that may
result from such installations.
Related information
•
•
•
Changing a wheel – direction of rotation
(p. 303)
•
Tires – tread wear indicator (p. 302)
1
Option or accessory on some models
WHEELS AND TIRES
302
Tires – tread wear indicator
The tires have wear indicator strips running
across or parallel to the tread.
G021829
The letters TWI are printed on the side of the tire.
When approximately 1/16" (1.6 mm) is left on
the tread, these strips become visible and indi-
cate that the tire should be replaced. Tires with
less than 1/16" (1.6 mm) tread offer very poor
traction.
When replacing worn tires, it is recommended
that the tire be identical in type (radial) and size
as the one being replaced. Using a tire of the
same make (manufacturer) will prevent alteration
of the driving characteristics of the vehicle.
Related information
•
•
Changing a wheel – direction of rotation
(p. 303)
•
Tires – storage and age (p. 301)
Tires – tire economy
A smooth driving style and correct inflation pres-
sure can help prolong the tires' service life.
•
Maintain correct tire pressure. The tire infla-
tion table, see the tire inflation decal on the
driver's door opening.
•
Avoid fast starts, hard braking and tire
screeching.
•
Tire wear increases with speed.
•
Correct front wheel alignment is very impor-
tant.
•
Unbalanced wheels impair tire economy and
driving comfort.
•
Tires must maintain the same direction of
rotation throughout their lifetime.
•
When replacing tires, the tires with the most
tread should be mounted on the rear wheels
to reduce the chance of oversteer during
hard braking.
•
Hitting curbs or potholes can damage the
tires and/or wheels permanently.
WHEELS AND TIRES
}}
* Option/accessory.
303
Changing a wheel – direction of
rotation
Incorrectly mounted tires impair the car's braking
properties and ability to force aside rain, snow
and slush.
Summer and winter tires
G021778
The arrows shows the direction of rotation of the tire
•
The tires with the most tread should always
be on the rear axle (to help reduce the risk of
skidding).
•
When switching between summer and winter
tires, mark the tires to indicate where they
were mounted on the car, e.g., LF = left front,
RR = right rear
•
Tires with tread designed to roll in only one
direction are marked with an arrow on the
sidewall.
•
Contact a Volvo workshop if you are unsure
about the tread depth.
Related information
•
•
Tires – storage and age (p. 301)
•
Tires – tread wear indicator (p. 302)
Changing a wheel – removing wheel
Wheel changes should always be carried out
correctly.
The jack
*, towing eyelet and tools* are stowed
under the floor of the cargo area.
Changing a wheel
1. Apply the parking brake and put the gear
selector in P.
2. Take out the jack
*, lug wrench*, the tool for
removing the plastic covers on the wheel
nuts, the towing eyelet and the wheel cover
removal tool (certain models only) stowed
under the floor of the cargo area.
||
WHEELS AND TIRES
304
3.
Tool for removing the plastic covers on the wheel nuts
Remove the wheel cover (where applicable)
using the removal tool or remove the wheel
cover by hand.
4. Block the wheels that are on the ground with
wooden blocks or large stones.
Lug wrench and towing eyelet
5. Screw the towing eyelet into the lug wrench
as shown in the illustration.
The towing eyelet must be screwed into the
lug wrench as far as possible.
6. With the vehicle still on the ground, remove
the plastic covers on the wheel nuts with the
tool provided and use the lug wrench/towing
eyelet to loosen the wheel nuts ½ – 1 turn by
exerting downward (counterclockwise) pres-
sure.
Jack attachment points
WHEELS AND TIRES
305
7. There are two jack attachment points on
each side of the vehicle. Position the jack
under the attachment point to be used on a
level, firm, non-slippery surface and crank it
up until it is correctly aligned and seated in
the attachment point. Before raising the vehi-
cle, check that the jack is still correctly posi-
tioned in the attachment.
8. Raise the vehicle until the wheel to be
changed is lifted off the ground.
9. Unscrew the wheel nuts completely and
remove the wheel.
WARNING
•
The jack must correctly engage the jack
attachment.
•
Be sure the jack is on a firm, level, non-
slippery surface.
•
Never allow any part of your body to be
extended under a vehicle supported by a
jack.
•
Use the jack intended for the vehicle
when changing a tire. For any other job,
use stands to support the vehicle.
•
Apply the parking brake and put the gear
selector in the Park (P) position.
•
Block the wheels standing on the ground,
use rigid wooden blocks or large stones.
•
The jack should be kept well-greased and
clean, and should not be damaged.
•
No objects should be placed between the
base of jack and the ground, or between
the jack and the attachment bar on the
vehicle.
The jack provided with your vehicle is
intended to be used only in temporary situa-
tions such as changing wheels in the event of
a flat tire. Only the jack that came with your
particular model should be used to lift the
vehicle. If the vehicle needs to be lifted more
frequently or for a prolonged period, using a
garage jack or hoist is recommended. Always
follow this device’s instructions for use.
Related information
•
WHEELS AND TIRES
* Option/accessory.
306
Changing a wheel – spare wheel
Wheel changes should always be carried out
correctly.
Spare tire
A spare tire can be purchased for your vehicle as
an accessory. Follow the instructions included
with the spare tire regarding use and stowing in
the vehicle. See also Changing a wheel – remov-
ing wheel (p. 303) for additional information.
Spare wheel
The following instructions only apply if you have
purchased a temporary spare wheel
* for your
vehicle.
If there is no temporary spare wheel in your vehi-
cle, please see Tire sealing system
information (p. 324) for instructions on using the
tire sealing system.
The accessory temporary spare wheel is provided
in a bag that must be securely strapped in place
in the cargo area while the vehicle is being
driven.
The spare wheel is only intended for temporary
use. Replace it with a normal wheel as soon as
possible. The vehicle's handling may be altered
by the use of the spare wheel. The correct tire
pressure is stated in the tire pressure table, see
the tire inflation decal on the driver's door open-
ing.
Turn the handle on the spare wheel bag out
toward you. Secure the stitched strap hooks in
the front loading eyelets. Secure the long strap in
one of the front loading eyelets, wrap the strap
diagonally over the spare wheel and through the
upper handle. Secure the short strap on the long
strap. Secure in the rear loading eyelet and
tighten.
WARNING
Current legislation prohibits the use of the
“Temporary Spare” tire other than as a tempo-
rary replacement for a punctured tire. It must
be replaced as soon as possible by a stand-
ard tire. Road holding and handling may be
affected with the “Temporary Spare” in use.
The vehicle must never be driven with more
than one temporary spare wheel.
Related information
•
Changing a wheel – installing a wheel
(p. 307)
•
WHEELS AND TIRES
}}
* Option/accessory.
307
Changing a wheel – accessing the
spare wheel
The following procedure explains how to access
the spare wheel (where applicable).
1. Release the bag's retaining straps.
2. Lift the bag out of the vehicle and remove
the spare wheel from the bag.
3. Fold up the floor hatch in the cargo area.
4. Remove the jack
* and tools* from the foam
block and change the wheels (see the
instructions in the following section "Chang-
ing a wheel").
5. After changing wheels, return the jack and
tools to the foam block and close the floor
hatch.
6. If possible, place the wheel with the punc-
tured tire in the bag.
7. If there is a wheel in the bag, strap the bag
securely in place in the cargo area.
WARNING
•
If there is a wheel in the bag, the bag must
be securely restrained using its straps and
the load anchoring eyelets in the cargo
area. See (p. 306) and carefully follow the
instructions.
•
If the wheel with the punctured tire is too
big to fit in the bag, it should be securely
restrained in the cargo area using suitable
straps, a net for anchoring cargo, etc.
Changing a wheel – installing a
wheel
It is important to re-install wheels properly.
Re-installing the wheel
1. Clean the contact surfaces on the wheel and
hub.
2. Lift the wheel and place it on the hub.
Tighten the wheel nuts
3. Install the wheel nuts and tighten hand-tight.
Using the lug wrench, tighten crosswise until
all nuts are snug.
4. Lower the vehicle to the ground and alter-
nately tighten the bolts crosswise to
103 ft. lbs. (140 Nm).
||
WHEELS AND TIRES
308
5. Press the plastic covers onto the wheel nuts
and Install the wheel cover (where applica-
ble). The opening in the wheel cover for the
tire's inflation valve must be positioned over
the valve.
Related information
•
Changing a wheel – spare wheel (p. 306)
•
Changing a wheel – removing wheel (p. 303)
Tire inflation – general information
Check tire inflation pressure regularly.
Inflation placard
G032521
Tire inflation placard
Tire inflation
See the tire inflation decal on the driver's door
opening. This decal indicates the designation of
the factory-mounted tires on your vehicle, as well
as load limits and inflation pressure.
•
The placards shown indicate inflation
pressure for the tires installed on the
vehicle at the factory only.
•
A certain amount of air seepage from the
tires occurs naturally and tire pressure
fluctuates with seasonal changes in tem-
perature. Always check tire pressure reg-
ularly.
•
Use a tire gauge to check the tire inflation
pressure, including the spare
2
, at least once
a month and before long trips. You are
strongly urged to buy a reliable tire pressure
gauge, as automatic service station gauges
may be inaccurate.
•
Use the recommended cold inflation pres-
sure for optimum tire performance and wear.
•
Under-inflation or over-inflation may cause
uneven treadwear patterns.
2
Available as an accessory
WHEELS AND TIRES
}}
}}
309
WARNING
•
Under-inflation is the most common
cause of tire failure and may result in
severe tire cracking, tread separation, or
"blow-out," with unexpected loss of vehi-
cle control and increased risk of injury.
•
Under-inflated tires reduce the load car-
rying capacity of your vehicle.
When weather temperature changes occur, tire
inflation pressures also change. A 10-degree
temperature drop causes a corresponding drop
of 1 psi (7 kPa) in inflation pressure. Check your
tire pressures frequently and adjust them to the
proper pressure, which can be found on the vehi-
cle's tire information placard or certification label.
Related information
•
•
Tires – storage and age (p. 301)
•
Tires – tread wear indicator (p. 302)
Tire inflation – checking pressure
Inflation pressure should be checked when the
tires are cold.
Cold tires
The tires are considered to be cold when
they have the same temperature as the sur-
rounding (ambient) air.
This temperature is normally reached after the
vehicle has been parked for at least 3 hours.
After driving a distance of approximately 1 mile
(1.6 km), the tires are considered to be hot. If you
have to drive farther than this distance to pump
your tire(s), check and record the tire pressure
first and add the appropriate air pressure when
you get to the pump.
If checking tire pressure when the tire is hot,
never "bleed" or reduce air pressure. The tires
are hot from driving and it is normal for pressures
to increase above recommended cold pressures.
A hot tire at or below recommended cold inflation
pressure could be significantly under-inflated.
To check inflation pressure:
1. Remove the cap from the valve on one tire,
then firmly press the tire gauge onto the
valve.
2. Add air to reach the recommended air pres-
sure.
3. Replace the valve cap.
•
After inflating the tires, always reinstall the
valve cap to help avoid damage to the
valve from dirt, gravel, etc.
•
Use plastic valve caps only. Metal caps
could corrode and become difficult to
remove.
4. Visually inspect the tires to make sure there
are no nails or other objects embedded that
could puncture the tire and cause an air leak.
5. Check the sidewalls to make sure there are
no gouges, cuts, bulges or other irregulari-
ties.
6. Repeat this procedure for each tire, including
the spare
3
.
•
If you overfill the tire, release air by push-
ing on the metal stem in the center of the
valve. Then recheck the pressure with
your tire gauge.
•
Some spare tires (available as an acces-
sory) require higher inflation pressure
than the other tires. Consult the tire infla-
3
Available as an accessory
||
WHEELS AND TIRES
310
tion pressure table or see the inflation
pressure placard.
Related information
•
•
Tires – storage and age (p. 301)
•
Tires – tread wear indicator (p. 302)
Tire specifications
The following information can be found on a
tire's sidewall.
Tire ratings
Speed ratings
The speed ratings in the table translate as follow:
Speed ratings
M
81 mph (130 km/h)
Q
100 mph (160 km/h)
T
118 mph (190 km/h)
H
130 mph (210 km/h)
V
149 mph (240 km/h)
W
168 mph (270 km/h)
Y
186 mph (300 km/h)
Information on the sidewall
Federal law mandates that tire manufacturers
place standardized information on the sidewall of
all tires (see the illustration).
The following information is listed on the tire
sidewall:
The tire designation:
Please be aware that the following tire desig-
nation is an example only and that this par-
ticular tire may not be available on your vehi-
cle.
WHEELS AND TIRES
311
1.
215: the width of the tire (in millimeters)
from sidewall edge to sidewall edge. The
larger the number, the wider the tire.
2.
65: The ratio of the tire's height to its width
in percent.
3.
R: Radial tire (the designation RF and the
symbol indicate that the vehicle is
equipped with optional self-supporting run
flat tires
4
.
4.
15: The diameter of the wheel rim (in
inches).
5.
95: The tire's load index. In this example, a
load index of 95 equals a maximum load of
1521 lbs (690 kg).
6.
H: The tire's speed rating, or the maximum
speed at which the tire is designed to be
driven for extended periods of time, carrying
a permissible load for the vehicle, and with
correct inflation pressure. For example, H
indicates a speed rating of 130 mph
(210 km/h).
The tire's load index and speed rating may
not appear on the sidewall because they are
not required by law.
7.
M+S or M/S = Mud and Snow, AT = All Ter-
rain, AS = All Season
8.
U.S. DOT Tire Identification Number
(TIN): This begins with the letters "DOT" and
indicates that the tire meets all federal
standards. The next two numbers or letters
are the plant code where it was manufac-
tured, the next two are the tire size code and
the last four numbers represent the week
and year the tire was built. For example,
1510 means that the tire was manufactured
during week 15 of 2010. The numbers in
between are marketing codes used at the
manufacturer's discretion. This information
helps a tire manufacturer identify a tire for
safety recall purposes.
9.
Tire Ply Composition and Material Used:
Indicates the number of plies indicates or the
number of layers of rubber-coated fabric in
the tire tread and sidewall. Tire manufactur-
ers also must indicate the ply materials in the
tire and the sidewall, which include steel,
nylon, polyester, and others.
10.
Maximum Load: Indicates the maximum
load in pounds and kilograms that can be
carried by the tire. Refer to the vehicle's tire
information placard located on the B-Pillar
for the correct tire pressure for your vehicle.
11. Treadwear, Traction, and Temperature
grades: see Tire specifications – Uniform
Tire Quality Grading (p. 314) for more infor-
mation.
12.
Maximum permissible inflation pressure:
the greatest amount of air pressure that
should ever be put in the tire. This limit is set
by the tire manufacturer.
4
Self-supporting run flat tires may not be available on all models
WHEELS AND TIRES
312
Loading specifications
Properly loading your vehicle will provide maxi-
mum return of vehicle design performance.
Before loading your vehicle, familiarize yourself
with the following terms for determining your
vehicle's weight ratings, with or without a trailer,
from the vehicle's Federal/Canadian Motor Vehi-
cle Safety Standards (FMVSS/CMVSS) label, and
the vehicle's tire information placard:
Curb weight
The weight of the vehicle including a full tank of
fuel and all standard equipment. It does not
include passengers, cargo, or optional equipment.
Capacity weight
All weight added to the curb weight, including
cargo and optional equipment. When towing,
trailer hitch tongue load is also part of cargo
weight.
Permissible axle weight
The maximum allowable weight that can be car-
ried by a single axle (front or rear). These num-
bers are shown on the Federal/Canadian Motor
Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS/CMVSS) label.
The total load on each axle must never exceed its
maximum permissible weight.
Gross vehicle weight (GVW)
The vehicle's curb weight + cargo + passengers.
•
The location of the various labels in your
vehicle, see Label information (p. 376).
•
A table listing important weight limits for
your vehicle, see Weights (p. 381).
Loading specifications – load limit
The load limit of your vehicle is the combined
weight of the occupants and cargo.
Steps for Determining Correct Load
Limit
1. Locate the statement "the combined weight
of occupants and cargo should never exceed
XXX kg or XXX lbs." on your vehicle's plac-
ard.
2. Determine the combined weight of the driver
and passengers that will be riding in your
vehicle.
3. Subtract the combined weight of the driver
and passengers from XXX kg or XXX lbs.
4. The resulting figure equals the available
amount of cargo and luggage load capacity.
For example, if the "XXX" amount equals
1400 lbs. and there will be five 150 lb. pas-
sengers in your vehicle, the amount of availa-
ble cargo and luggage load capacity is
650 lbs. (1400 – 750 (5 × 150) = 650 lbs.)
5. Determine the combined weight of luggage
and cargo being loaded on the vehicle. That
weight may not safely exceed the available
cargo and luggage load capacity calculated
in Step 4.
WHEELS AND TIRES
}}
313
6. If your vehicle will be towing a trailer, load
from your trailer will be transferred to your
vehicle. Consult this manual to determine
how this reduces the available cargo and lug-
gage load capacity of your vehicle.
WARNING
•
Exceeding the permissible axle weight,
gross vehicle weight, or any other weight
rating limits can cause tire overheating
resulting in permanent deformation or
catastrophic failure.
•
Do not use replacement tires with lower
load carrying capacities than the tires that
were original equipment on the vehicle
because this will lower the vehicle's GVW
rating. Use only tires with the correct load
carrying capacity. Consult your Volvo
retailer for information.
Tire specifications – terminology
The following is a glossary of tire-related terms.
The tire suppliers may have additional markings,
notes or warnings such as standard load, radial
tubeless, etc.
•
Tire information placard: A placard show-
ing the OE (Original Equipment) tire sizes,
recommended inflation pressure, and the
maximum weight the vehicle can carry.
•
Tire Identification Number (TIN): A number
on the sidewall of each tire providing infor-
mation about the tire brand and manufactur-
ing plant, tire size and date of manufacturer.
•
Inflation pressure: A measure of the
amount of air in a tire.
•
Standard load: A class of P-metric or Metric
tires designed to carry a maximum load at
35 psi [37 psi (2.5 bar) for Metric tires].
Increasing the inflation pressure beyond this
pressure will not increase the tires load car-
rying capability.
•
Extra load: A class of P-metric or Metric
tires designed to carry a heavier maximum
load at 41 psi [43 psi (2.9 bar) for Metric
tires]. Increasing the inflation pressure
beyond this pressure will not increase the
tire's load carrying capability.
•
kPa: Kilopascal, a metric unit of air pressure.
•
PSI: Pounds per square inch, a standard unit
of air pressure.
•
B-pillar: The structural member at the side
of the vehicle behind the front door.
•
Bead area of the tire: Area of the tire next
to the rim.
•
Sidewall of the tire: Area between the bead
area and the tread.
•
Tread area of the tire: Area of the perime-
ter of the tire that contacts the road when
mounted on the vehicle.
•
Rim: The metal support (wheel) for a tire or a
tire and tube assembly upon which the tire
beads are seated.
•
Maximum load rating: a figure indicating
the maximum load in pounds and kilograms
that can be carried by the tire. This rating is
established by the tire manufacturer.
•
Maximum permissible inflation pressure:
the greatest amount of air pressure that
should ever be put in the tire. This limit is set
by the tire manufacturer.
•
Recommended tire inflation pressure:
inflation pressure, established by Volvo,
which is based on the type of tires that are
mounted on a vehicle at the factory. This
information can be found on the tire inflation
placard(s) located on the driver's side B-pillar
and in the tire inflation table in this chapter.
•
Cold tires: The tires are considered to be
cold when they have the same temperature
as the surrounding (ambient) air. This tem-
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