Ford Focus RS (2011 year). Instruction — part 135
In all the cases of paint damage described
below, if the damage is irreversible a new paint
finish must be applied.
Paint damage cause by bee droppings
Bee droppings can be recognized on a paint
surface through its yellow or brown color and
sausage or drop-like shape with a diameter of 3-4
mm.
Cause/damage pattern:
• In combination with heat and high air humidity,
bee droppings leave discolorations and cause
paint decomposition.
• The paint can be destroyed down to the filler.
Repair of damage:
• If the damage is light, perform a polishing repair.
Paint damage caused by bird droppings
Bird dropping damage appears most often as matt,
etched topcoat areas of various sizes. If left on the
vehicle for a long time, crack formation and etching
down to the filler will occur.
Cause/damage pattern:
• Bird droppings are particularly harmful in
combination with heat and moisture. The urea
(white part) has a very high salt content and is
very aggressive.
• The intensity of the damage varies depending
on the type, quantity, contact time and extent.
• Cracks, etching, marks up to dissolution of the
top coat are the results.
Repair of damage:
• If the damage is light, perform a polishing repair.
Paint damage caused by insects
At insect impact locations on the hood, roof and
bumper, small etched or etched through paint
marks with partially visible spots of filler.
Cause/damage pattern:
• The top coat layer is destroyed in a short time
by surface swelling and etching.
• Colliding insects stick to the paint surface. In
combination with moisture and heat, because
of the resulting acids the insect bodies sink into
the paint top coat.
• The corrosion is G, C, U or O shaped and is
only a few millimeters thick.
Repair of damage:
• Wash the vehicle, treat the affected area with
insect remover. Clean the paint surface several
times.
• Protect with hard wax.
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Paint damage caused by tree resin or sap
Small yellow-brown marks or drops on the
horizontal parts of the vehicle. The drops melt in
sunlight. Resin damage only occurs in the warm
summer months.
Cause/damage pattern:
• Because of their chemical composition, tree
resins combine with or adhere very well to paint
top coats and cause them to swell. The higher
the temperature, the more intensive is the
chemical bonding between the resin and the
paint topcoat surface.
Repair of damage:
• Soak several times using a cloth saturated with
a petrol & paraffin mixture.
NOTE: After successful cleaning the top coat must
be preserved.
• Swellings can be removed by warming.
Paint damage from aphid secretions
Small, round, matt marks about 1 mm diameter
and etching with small islands down to the filler.
Fresh aphid excrement looks like small drops of
honey.
Cause/damage pattern:
• Aphids produce a mixture of starch, leaf acid
and sugar from sap in leaves. Under the effects
of warming and moisture this can turn into
alcohol.
• The round shape of the damage and the island
of intact paint are typical.
Repair of damage:
• Remove the excrement as soon as possible.
• Small single matt locations without etching can
be repaired using a polishing repair.
Paint damage caused by tar spots
Yellow or dark marks.
Cause/damage pattern:
• Firmly stuck spots of tar which lead to
discoloration of the surface. In some cases
penetration through the clear lacquer into the
top coat.
Repair of damage:
• Clean the paint surface with tar remover and
polish.
Paint damage caused by cement, plaster
and slaked lime
Damage appears as whitish matt marks on the top
coat.
Cause/damage pattern:
• Corrosive alkaline compounds interacting with
moisture.
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Repair of damage:
• Wash immediately if the contamination is fresh.
• If the contamination has dried on, dissolve and
neutralise it with vinegar, then thoroughly wash
off with water and rinse.
• Rectify mild damage using a polishing repair.
Rust film/deposits from industrial fallout
Small round marks, about 1 mm in size, in all
shades from black, grey, blue to reddish, on the
horizontal surfaces of the vehicle.
Cause/damage pattern:
• Deposits from oil fired systems and industrial
plant, especially at high humidities and inversion
weather conditions, cause damage to the paint
top coat.
• As the activity time increases so called rust
halos form. They spread as long as the deposits
corrode.
• Industrial fallout containing iron will no longer
be removable after a few days!
Repair of damage:
• Remove the dust using an industrial fallout
remover and thoroughly wash.
• Polish the paint surface.
NOTE: Never try to remove the particles of
industrial fallout by polishing or rubbing!
• Use cleaning dough.
Damage caused by battery acid.
Splashes of battery acid caused by carelessly
topping up the battery.
WARNING: Batteries contain sulphuric
acid. When working near the battery, or
where there is battery acid on the vehicle
body, protect the skin and eyes from
contact with the acid. If battery acid
contacts the skin or enters the eyes, flush
the affected area immediately with water
(flush for at least 15 minutes) and call a
doctor without delay. If acid is swallowed,
call a doctor immediately. Failure to follow
these instructions may result in personal
injury.
NOTE: High temperatures accelerate the attack
on the top coat. At 50°C the top coat layer breaks
down after about 15 minutes!
Cause/damage pattern:
• Etching of the paint layer to decomposition of
the paint finish.
Repair of damage:
• Flush the acid splashes with plenty of water and
neutralize with car washing liquid.
• If the contact time of the acid was short, perform
a polishing repair.
Paint damage caused by brake fluid.
Careless handling of brake fluid. The glycols
contained in the fluid cause swellings.
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Cause/damage pattern:
• The temperature and contact time are critical.
Splashes lead to loss of shine and lightening of
color.
Repair of damage:
• Flush immediately with plenty of water.
• The swellings can often be made to recede
completely by treatment with the radiant heater
or in the paint drying oven at max. 60°C for
about 1 hour.
Mechanical damage
Stone impact damage or mechanical
damage
Mechanical damage caused by impact of stones
or other hard objects and extending down to the
metal panel lead very quickly to corrosion and
rusting under the paint on the adjoining surface.
Cause/damage pattern:
• Paint damage caused from the outside, down
to filler, primer or metal panel.
Repair of damage:
• Sand or blast out.
• Use anti-corrosion primer.
• Apply top coat.
Damage due to corrosion
Blistering/rusting below
Air or water filled blister-shaped raised areas in the
paint film.
Cause/damage pattern:
• Overpainting corroded steel panel.
• Condensation in the spray air.
• Sanding water not dried out or salt crystal
residues.
• Road chippings and road winter grit containing
salt.
Repair of damage:
• Sand the affected area of damage or the body
component and re-create the paint finish.
• More severe and larger areas of rusting below
must be repaired using the corresponding repair
painting, Repair Level III or IV.
Damage caused by faults in treatment
• Craters
• Paint boils
• Adhesion defects
• Adhesion defects - clear lacquer
• Sanding scores
• Formation of stripes
• Peeling/blistering on plastic parts
• Blistering on polyester material
• Peroxide marks in metallic paints
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• Crack formation
• Shrinking back/zone edge marks
• Blistering
• Etching
• Paint wrinkles/puckering
• Cloud formation
• Spots/metallics
• Metamerism/color deviations
• Washing out
• Loss of gloss
• Covering ability/areas of thin paint
• Flow problems/orange peel
• Dirt embedded in metallic base paint
• Dirt embedded in top coat
• Water marks
• Paint runs
• Swirl marks
Craters
Crater-like single or extensively occurring
depressions with raised edges, in top coat or the
intermediate layers.
Cause/damage pattern:
• Substrate not adequately cleaned with silicone
remover.
• Spray air contaminated by oil residues and
water accumulations.
• Filter ceiling not adequate for requirements.
• Use of polishes, cleaning agents or sprays (e.g.
interior sprays) containing silicone.
• Oil, wax, grease, silicone containing residues.
• Working clothes contaminated by materials
containing silicone.
Repair of damage:
• Sand paint surface, clean with silicone remover
and apply one thin spray pass. Let it begin to
dry well, then apply several thin and dry sprayed
passes.
Paint boils
Small, hard, closed or burst blisters in the paint top
coat. They appear locally in groups or spread
individually across the whole surface. Sanding
opens up a larger cavity, under which the primer
can often be seen.
Cause/damage pattern:
• Paint applied in layers which were too thick.
• Specified flash-off and drying times between
coats were not adhered to.
• Specified working viscosity and spray pressure
were not adhered to.
• Use of unsuitable hardener and thinner
materials. (Solvent combinations in paint system
not optimally matched).
• Poor booth conditions.
Repair of damage:
• Single boil blisters can be removed using
polishing.
• After thorough drying, sand the top coat at the
affected areas, clean with silicone remover and
re-paint. Fill any fine pores still present with
2-component acrylic filler.
• On larger areas of damaged topcoat, sand
completely away and apply new paint finish.
Adhesion defects
Whole coating detached from substrate or
individual layers one from another. Sometimes
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adhesion defects can only be noticed after an
external influence such as stone impact.
Cause/damage pattern:
• Substrate not adequately prepared (rust, grease,
moisture, sanding, cleaning).
• Unsuitable material used.
• Drying times, flash-off times too short.
• Base paint not sprayed wet-in-wet, instead the
intermediate drying times were too long.
• Failure to intermediate sand.
• Condensation formed because of temperature
fluctuations.
• Unprofessional preparation (especially on
plastics).
• Overheated CDP/intermediate filler.
Repair of damage:
• Sand out the damage and recreate the paint
finish. Create the paint finish strictly in
accordance with the general technical
information.
Adhesion defects in clear lacquer.
Clear lacquer detched from base paint.
Cause/damage pattern:
• Base paint layer too thick.
• Intermediate and final flash-off times of base
paint too long.
• Incorrect mixture ratio clear lacquer/hardner.
Repair of damage:
• Refinish sanding and recreate the paint finish.
Sanding scores
Single or wide area clusters of scoring or sanding
marks, often with raised edges. Noticeable on
metallic paints as light-dark stripes.
Cause/damage pattern:
• Stopper sanded too coarsely.
• Filler sanded too coarsely.
• Filler not thoroughly dried bfore sanding.
• Old paint sanded too coarsely.
• Soft elastic substrates, e.g. TPA base, treated
with thinners which was too aggressive and
therefore etched.
• Top coat applied too thinly.
Repair of damage:
• If the damage pattern is minimal, after the top
coat has dried fine sand the paint surface and
refurbish by polishing.
• If the damage is great or on metallic paints, sand
the paint surface or substrates and if necessary
remove them, then cover the bare metal and
re-paint.
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Formation of stripes
Differing, stripe shaped color/effect formations in
dark/light areas of a metallic paint finish.
Cause/damage pattern:
• Spray gun (nozzle) not perfect.
• Incorrect spray pressure.
• Thinners not suitable.
• Incorrect spray viscosity.
• Flash-off time too short.
• Unsuitable working temperature.
Repair of damage:
• Apply base paint evenly.
• Repair spray gun.
• After clear lacquer has thoroughly dried, sand
surface and paint again.
Peeling/blistering on plastic parts
Paint adhesion insufficient between top coat and
filler and/or primer layer. It often happens that the
whole of the paint finish detaches from the plastic.
Cause/damage pattern:
• Plastic item not cleaned sufficiently, not or
inadequately tempered.
• Unsuitable cleaning agent used.
• Unsuitable materials used.
• Moisture.
• Paint finish underbaked or overbaked.
• Poor or lack of intermediate sanding.
Repair of damage:
• Sand away faulty paint coats and re-apply paint
finish.
• In extreme cases use a new part.
Blistering on polyester material
Color shade differences or marks in paintwork
subsequently applied to previously unpainted
plastic material.
Cause/damage pattern:
• Plastic material is not suitable for painting.
• Incorrect bonding agent.
• Paint used not solvent resistant.
Repair of damage:
• Repaint using suitable materials.
• Install unpainted new part (after consulting
customer).
Peroxide marks in metallic paints
After longer period of drying, abnormal marks
where the color shade varies.
Cause/damage pattern:
• Too much hardener added to polyester stopper
(over 3% can cause this damage pattern).
• Polyester stopper not well enough mixed.
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Repair of damage:
• Sand, fill with polyester or epoxide filler and
re-paint.
Crack formation
Cracks of different lengths and depths running in
all directions.
Cause/damage pattern:
• Layers too thick.
• Painted several times.
• Temperature fluctuations.
• Mechanical effects e.g. distortions.
• Substrate not thoroughly hardened.
• Old paint not completely dried out.
• No or insufficient hardener added.
• 2-component materials used on nitro or TPA.
Repair of damage:
• Sand away layers until sound substrate is
reached and create new paint finish (prime, fill,
apply topcoat).
Shrinking back/zone edge marks
Lifting or dropping in of edge zones (edges which
accentuate themselves in the top coat), flow
problems and loss of shine in top coat.
Cause/damage pattern:
• Old paintwork not rubbed down to a seamless
transition.
• Stopper and filler on a viscoplastic base primer.
• Filler sanded and overpainted when not
thoroughly hard.
• Previous materials overworked too early,
substrate not sufficiently hardened.
• Primer applied in layers which were too thick,
and not dried for long enough.
• Sanding paper too coarse.
• Top coat thinned too much.
Repair of damage:
• After hardening off the top coat, fine sand the
surface and polish up, apply filler if necessary
and paint once more.
Blistering
Small, spot-like, air-filled or water-filled blister
shaped high-spots in the paint construction. Their
dimensions can range from pin-head to pin-point
size in a closed paint film. Arrangement and
accumulation very variable. In the advanced
stages, circular flaking of the paint from the
substrate. These are neither boils nor corrosion.
Cause/damage pattern:
• Moisture absorption by substrate.
• Insufficient drying of the substrate after wet
sanding (especially on polyester material).
• Humidity too high before painting; condensation
formation because of temperature fluctuations.
• Pores/sink holes in substrate not sanded out.
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