Ford F-650 / 750 (2023 year). Manual in english — page 7

•

Make sure the heater, heater cord and
extension cord are firmly connected.

•

Check for heat anywhere in the
electrical hookup once the system has
been operating for approximately 30
minutes.

•

Make sure the system is unplugged and
properly stowed before starting and
driving your vehicle. Make sure the
protective cover seals the prongs of the
block heater cord plug when not in use.

•

Make sure the heater system is
checked for proper operation before
winter.

Using the Engine Block Heater

Make sure the receptacle terminals are
clean and dry prior to use. Clean them with
a dry cloth if necessary.

The heater uses 0.4 to 1.0 kilowatt-hours
of energy per hour of use. The system does
not have a thermostat. It achieves
maximum temperature after
approximately three hours of operation.
Using the heater longer than three hours
does not improve system performance and
unnecessarily uses electricity.

104

Starting and Stopping the Engine

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

WARNING:

Do not overfill the fuel

tank. The pressure in an overfilled tank
may cause leakage and lead to fuel spray
and fire.

WARNING:

The fuel system may

be under pressure. If you hear a hissing
sound near the fuel filler inlet, do not
refuel until the sound stops. Otherwise,
fuel may spray out, which could cause
serious personal injury.

WARNING:

Fuels can cause serious

injury or death if misused or mishandled.

WARNING:

Gasoline may contain

benzene, which is a cancer-causing
agent.

WARNING:

When refueling always

shut the engine off and never allow
sparks or open flames near the fuel tank
filler valve. Never smoke or use a cell
phone while refueling. Fuel vapor is
extremely hazardous under certain
conditions. Avoid inhaling excess fumes.

WARNING:

Flow of fuel through a

fuel pump nozzle can produce static
electricity. This can cause a fire if you are
filling an ungrounded fuel container.

WARNING:

Stop refueling after the

fuel pump nozzle automatically shuts
off for the second time. Failure to follow
this will fill the expansion space in the
fuel tank and could lead to fuel
overflowing.

Observe the following guidelines when
handling automotive fuel:

•

Extinguish all smoking materials and
any open flames before refueling your
vehicle.

•

Automotive fuels can be harmful or
fatal if swallowed. Fuel such as
gasoline is highly toxic and if
swallowed can cause death or
permanent injury. If swallowed, call a
physician immediately, even if no
symptoms are immediately apparent.
The toxic effects of fuel may not be
visible for hours.

•

Avoid inhaling fuel vapors. Inhaling too
much fuel vapor of any kind can lead
to eye and respiratory tract irritation.
In severe cases, excessive or prolonged
breathing of fuel vapor can cause
serious illness and permanent injury.

•

Avoid getting fuel liquid in your eyes. If
you splash fuel in your eyes, remove
contact lenses (if worn), flush with
water for 15 minutes and seek medical
attention. Failure to seek proper
medical attention could lead to
permanent injury.

•

Fuels can also be harmful if absorbed
through the skin. If you splash fuel on
your skin, clothing or both, promptly
remove contaminated clothing and
wash your skin thoroughly with soap
and water. Repeated or prolonged skin
contact with fuel liquid or vapor causes
skin irritation.

•

Be particularly careful if you are taking
“Antabuse” or other forms of disulfiram
for the treatment of alcoholism.
Breathing gasoline vapors, or skin
contact could cause an adverse
reaction. In sensitive individuals, serious

105

Fuel and Refueling

personal injury or sickness may result.
If you splash fuel on your skin, promptly
wash your skin thoroughly with soap
and water. Consult a physician
immediately if you experience an
adverse reaction.

Low Fuel Pressure

(If Equipped)

Diesel engine vehicles have a low fuel
pressure detection system.

The following are possible causes for a low
fuel pressure warning message to appear
in the information display:

•

Cold start or during cold operation
below 32°F (0°C). If the low fuel
pressure message appears during a
cold start or up to 10 minutes after the
initial cold start, monitor the
information display. If the low fuel
pressure message disappears and does
not re-appear after the engine has fully
warmed up, waxed or gelled fuel is
what most likely caused the message.
Do not use alcohol based additives to
correct fuel gelling. This may result in
damage to the fuel injectors and
systems. Use an anti-gel additive. See

Fuel Quality

(page 106).

Note:

The vehicle Warranty may be void if

you use additives that do not meet or
exceed Ford specifications. If the low fuel
pressure message persistently appears after
re-fueling and then disappears when the
engine has fully warmed up, consider using
different fuel sources.

•

Low fuel operation: If the low fuel
pressure message appears when your
vehicle is warm and during low fuel
tank level operation (near empty),
refuel your vehicle. If the message
reappears after fueling, see below. If
the message does not come back, the
low fuel pressure condition was due to
low fuel levels in the fuel tank.

•

Normal operation: If the low fuel
pressure message appears during
normal operation when the engine is
fully warm, and fuel level is not low,
you must change the fuel filters
regardless of the maintenance
schedule interval.

•

If replacement of the fuel filter does
not remedy the low fuel pressure
message during normal operation as
defined above, take the vehicle to an
authorized dealer.

FUEL QUALITY - DIESEL

Fuel Requirements - Choosing The
Right Fuel: Vehicles Operated
Where Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel
Is Required (United
States/Canada/Puerto Rico/U.S.
Virgin Islands And Other Locales)

You should use Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel
fuel (also known as ULSD) designated as
number 1-D or 2-D with a maximum of
15-ppm sulfur in your diesel vehicle. You
may operate your vehicle on diesel fuels
containing up to 20% biodiesel, also
known as B20. These fuels should meet
the ASTM D975 diesel or the ASTM D7467
B6-B20 biodiesel industry specifications.
Outside of North America, use fuels
meeting EN590 or equivalent local market
standard.

Note:

The vehicle Warranty does not cover

damage caused by using an improper type
of fuel or fuel additive.

106

Fuel and Refueling

Note:

Do not blend used engine oil with

diesel fuel under any circumstances.
Blending used oil with the fuel will
significantly increase your vehicle’s exhaust
emissions and reduce engine life due to
increased internal wear.

Using low sulfur diesel fuel
(16-500 ppm) or high sulfur
diesel fuel (greater than 500

ppm) in your diesel engine will cause
certain emission components to
malfunction which may also cause the
service engine soon light to illuminate
indicating an emissions-related concern.

Diesel fuel is adjusted seasonally for cold
temperature. For best results at
temperatures below 19°F (-7°C), it is
recommended to use a diesel fuel which
has been seasonally adjusted for the
ambient conditions.

Fuel Requirements - Choosing The
Right Fuel: Vehicles Operated
Where Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel
Is Not Required

For the engine to operate reliably on
low-sulfur or high-sulfur diesel fuel, the
engine must be a factory built high-sulfur
engine (available as a dealer order option
for select markets) or an ultra low sulfur
diesel fuel configured engine that has been
retrofitted for high-sulfur diesel fuel using
Ford Motor Company dealer service parts.
Failure to use retrofit components other
than those available through your
authorized dealer will result in coolant
system damage, engine overheating,
selective catalyst reduction system or
diesel particulate filter damage and
possible base engine damage.

Use only a diesel engine configured for use
with high sulfur diesel fuel in markets with
diesel fuel that has sulfur content greater
than 15 ppm. Using low sulfur diesel fuel
(16–500 ppm) or high sulfur diesel fuel
(greater than 500 ppm) in a diesel engine
designed to use only Ultra Low Sulfur
Diesel fuel may result in damage to engine
emission control devices and the
aftertreatment system, potentially
rendering the vehicle inoperable.

Vehicles with engines configured for use
with high sulfur diesel fuel are only
available for sale in countries where ultra
low sulfur diesel fuel is generally not
available or mandated by the government.
Vehicles originally sold in a ultra low sulfur
diesel fuel market that are subsequently
exported to non- ultra low sulfur diesel fuel
markets will need to be retrofitted (at the
customer’s expense using Ford authorized
dealer service parts) in order to be reliably
operated on non- ultra low sulfur diesel
fuel.

Biodiesel

WARNING:

Do not mix diesel with

gasoline, gasohol or alcohol. This could
cause an explosion.

Note:

Do not use home heating oil,

agricultural fuel, raw fats and oils, waste
cooking greases, biodiesel fuels greater than
20% or any diesel fuel not intended for
highway use. Red dye is used to identify
fuels intended for agricultural and
non-highway use. Damage to the fuel
injection system, engine and exhaust
catalyst can occur if an improper fuel is
used.

You may operate your vehicle on diesel
fuels containing up to 20% biodiesel, also
known as B20.

107

Fuel and Refueling

Biodiesel fuel is a chemically converted
product from renewable fuel sources, such
as vegetable oils, animal fats and waste
cooking greases.

To help achieve acceptable engine
performance and durability when using
biodiesel in your vehicle:

•

Confirm the biodiesel content of the
fuel to be B20 (20% biodiesel) or less

•

Only use biodiesel fuel of good quality
that complies with industry standards

•

Follow the recommended service
maintenance intervals. See

Scheduled Maintenance

(page 319).

•

Do not store biodiesel fuel in the fuel
tank for more than 1 month

•

Consider changing brands or reducing
biodiesel content if you have cold
temperature fuel gelling issues or a
frequent LOW FUEL PRESSURE
message appearing

•

Do NOT use raw oils, fats or waste
cooking greases

Use of biodiesel in concentrations greater
than 20% may cause damage to your
vehicle, including engine and/or exhaust
after-treatment hardware (exhaust
catalyst and particulate filter) failures.
Concentrations greater than 20% can also
cause fuel filter restrictions that may result
in a lack of power or damage to fuel
system components, including fuel pump
and fuel injector failures.

SAE 5W-40 or SAE 15W-40 oil is
recommended for fuels with greater than
5% biodiesel (B5). Refer to the Special
operating conditions section under the
Schedule Maintenance chapter for more
information about oil change intervals and
other maintenance when operating on
biodiesel.

Look for a label on the fuel pump to
confirm the amount of biodiesel contained
in a diesel fuel. Biodiesel content is often
indicated with the letter B followed by the
percent of biodiesel in the fuel. For
example, B20 indicates a fuel containing
20% biodiesel. Ask the service station
attendant to confirm the biodiesel content
of a diesel fuel if you do not see a label on
the fuel pump.

Biodiesel fuels degrade more easily than
diesel fuels not containing biodiesel and
should not be stored in the fuel tank for
more than 1 month. If you plan to park or
store your vehicle for more than 1 month,
then you should empty your vehicle fuel
tank of biodiesel fuel. You should fill the
tank with a pure petroleum-based diesel
fuel and run your vehicle for a minimum of
30 minutes.

Note:

Degraded or oxidized biodiesel can

damage fuel system seals and plastics and
corrode steel parts.

During cold weather, if you have problems
operating on biodiesel, you may need to
use a diesel fuel with lower biodiesel
content, try another brand, or discontinue
the use of biodiesel.

Diesel Fuel Additives

It should not be necessary to add any
aftermarket additives to your fuel if you
use a high quality diesel fuel that conforms
to ASTM industry specifications.
Aftermarket additives can damage the fuel
injector system or engine.

Use Motorcraft® cetane booster or an
equivalent cetane booster additive if you
suspect fuel has low cetane. Use
Motorcraft® anti-gel & performance
improver or an equivalent additive if there
is fuel gelling.

108

Fuel and Refueling

Do not use alcohol-based additives to
improve cetane quality, to prevent fuel
gelling or any other use. The use of alcohol
additives may result in damage to the fuel
injectors and system.

The Vehicle Warranty may not cover
repairs needed to correct the effects of
using an aftermarket product that does
not meet Ford specifications in your fuel.

FUEL QUALITY - GASOLINE

Choosing the Right Fuel

E161513

E161513

Your vehicle is designed to operate on
regular unleaded gasoline with a minimum
pump (R+M)/2 octane rating of 87.

Some fuel stations, particularly those in
high altitude areas, offer fuels posted as
regular unleaded gasoline with an octane
rating below 87. The use of these fuels
could result in engine damage that will not
be covered by the vehicle warranty.

We do not recommend these fuels. For
best overall vehicle and engine
performance, premium fuel with an octane
rating of 91 or higher is recommended. The
performance gained by using premium fuel
is most noticeable in hot weather as well
as other conditions, for example when
towing a trailer. See

Towing a Trailer

(page 178).

Do not be concerned if the engine
sometimes knocks lightly. However, if the
engine knocks heavily while using fuel with
the recommended octane rating, contact
an authorized dealer to prevent any engine
damage.

We recommend Top Tier detergent
gasolines, where available to help minimize
engine deposits and maintain optimal
vehicle and engine performance. For
additional information, refer to
www.toptiergas.com.

Note:

Use of any fuel for which the vehicle

was not designed can impair the emission
control system, cause loss of vehicle
performance, and cause damage to the
engine which may not be covered by the
vehicle Warranty.

Do not use:

•

Diesel fuel.

•

Fuels containing kerosene or paraffin.

•

Fuel containing more than 10% ethanol
or E85 fuel.

•

Fuels containing methanol.

•

Fuels containing metallic-based
additives, including manganese-based
compounds.

•

Fuels containing the octane booster
additive, methylcyclopentadienyl
manganese tricarbonyl (MMT).

•

Leaded fuel, using leaded fuel is
prohibited by law.

The use of fuels with metallic compounds
such as methylcyclopentadienyl
manganese tricarbonyl (commonly known
as MMT), which is a manganese-based
fuel additive, will impair engine
performance and affect the emission
control system.

109

Fuel and Refueling

RUNNING OUT OF FUEL -
DIESEL

Avoid running out of fuel. This allows air to
enter the fuel system and may make it
difficult to restart your vehicle.

If your vehicle runs out of fuel:

•

Normally adding 4–5 gal (15–19 L) of
fuel is enough to restart the engine. If
your vehicle is out of fuel and on a
steep grade, more than 5 gal (19 L)
may be required.

•

You must purge trapped air from the
system before restarting the engine.

Purging Air From the System

Switch the ignition on for 30 seconds and
then switch the ignition off. Repeat this
operation six times in a row to purge any
trapped air from the fuel system.

Any remaining air in the system self-purges
when the engine starts. The engine may
run rough or produce white smoke when
air remains in the fuel system. This is
normal and stops after a short period. If
the engine continues to run rough, have
your vehicle checked as soon as possible.

Starting the Engine

Do not crank the engine for more than 10
seconds as starter damage may occur. If
the engine fails to start, switch the ignition
off and wait 30 seconds before cranking
the engine again. See

Starting a Diesel

Engine

(page 102).

RUNNING OUT OF FUEL -
GASOLINE

Avoid running out of fuel because this
situation may have an adverse effect on
powertrain components.

If you run out of fuel:

•

You may need to switch the ignition
from off to on several times after
refueling to allow the fuel system to
pump the fuel from the tank to the
engine. When restarting, cranking time
takes a few seconds longer than
normal. With keyless ignition, just start
the engine. Crank time will be longer
than usual.

•

Normally, adding 1 gal (3.8 L) of fuel is
enough to restart the engine. If the
vehicle is out of fuel and on a steep
grade, more than 1 gal (3.8 L) may be
required.

•

The service engine soon indicator may
come on. See

Warning Lamps and

Indicators

(page 66).

REFUELING - DIESEL

WARNING:

Fuel vapor burns

violently and a fuel fire can cause severe
injuries.

WARNING:

Read and follow all the

instructions on the pump island.

WARNING:

When refueling always

shut the engine off and never allow
sparks or open flames near the fuel tank
filler valve. Never smoke or use a cell
phone while refueling. Fuel vapor is
extremely hazardous under certain
conditions. Avoid inhaling excess fumes.

WARNING:

Stay outside your

vehicle and do not leave the fuel pump
unattended when refueling your vehicle.

WARNING:

Keep children away

from the fuel pump. Never let children
pump fuel.

110

Fuel and Refueling

WARNING:

Wait at least five

seconds before removing the fuel pump
nozzle to allow any residual fuel to drain
into the fuel tank.

WARNING:

Stop refueling after the

fuel pump nozzle automatically shuts
off for the second time. Failure to follow
this will fill the expansion space in the
fuel tank and could lead to fuel
overflowing.

WARNING:

Do not remove the fuel

pump nozzle from its fully inserted
position when refueling.

An engine that suddenly becomes noisy or
operates poorly after a fuel fill could be
using substandard fuel. We recommend
that you purchase diesel fuel from a
reputable fuel station.

Use only clean, approved containers that
prevent the entry of dirt or water whenever
you store diesel fuel.

Do not store diesel fuel in a galvanized
container. The fuel dissolves the zinc in the
galvanized container. The zinc will then
remain in the fuel. If you run the
contaminated fuel through the engine, the
zinc damages the fuel injectors. Engine
damage caused may not be covered by
the vehicle warranty.

Use the following guidelines to avoid
electrostatic charge build-up when filling
an ungrounded fuel container:

•

Place the approved fuel container on
the ground.

•

Do not fill a fuel container while it is in
the vehicle (including the cargo area).

•

Keep the fuel pump nozzle in contact
with the fuel container when filling.

•

Do not use a device that would hold
the fuel pump handle in the fill position.

Fuel Filler Cap

WARNING:

The fuel system may

be under pressure. If you hear a hissing
sound near the fuel filler inlet, do not
refuel until the sound stops. Otherwise,
fuel may spray out, which could cause
serious personal injury.

Note:

If you do not use the correct fuel filler

cap, excessive pressure or vacuum in the
fuel tank may damage the fuel system or
cause the fuel cap to disengage in a crash.

The fuel tank has a threaded fuel filler cap.

Note:

If you must replace the fuel filler cap,

replace it with a fuel filler cap that is
designed for your vehicle. The vehicle
warranty may be void for any damage to the
fuel tank or fuel system if the correct
genuine Ford, Motorcraft or other certified
fuel filler cap is not used.

When refueling the vehicle fuel tank do the
following.

1.

Bring your vehicle to a complete stop
and shift into neutral (N) or park (P).

2. Apply the parking brake and switch the

ignition off.

3. Turn the fuel filler cap

counterclockwise and remove it.

4. Refuel your vehicle as required.

5. Replace the fuel filler cap, turn it

clockwise until you feel a strong
resistance.

Fuel Fill Rate

Your vehicle has a fuel fill pipe that is able
to accept fuel up to 20 gal (75 L) per
minute from a fuel-dispensing nozzle.
Pumping fuel at greater flow rates may
result in premature nozzle shut off or spit
back.

111

Fuel and Refueling

Truck stops have fuel pumps and nozzles
designed for larger, heavy-duty trucks. If
you are refueling your vehicle at a truck
stop and the nozzle shuts off repeatedly,
wait 5-10 seconds, then use a slower fill
rate.

REFUELING - GASOLINE

WARNING:

Fuel vapor burns

violently and a fuel fire can cause severe
injuries.

WARNING:

Read and follow all the

instructions on the pump island.

WARNING:

When refueling always

shut the engine off and never allow
sparks or open flames near the fuel tank
filler valve. Never smoke or use a cell
phone while refueling. Fuel vapor is
extremely hazardous under certain
conditions. Avoid inhaling excess fumes.

WARNING:

Stay outside your

vehicle and do not leave the fuel pump
unattended when refueling your vehicle.

WARNING:

Keep children away

from the fuel pump; never let children
pump fuel.

WARNING:

Wait at least 10

seconds before removing the fuel pump
nozzle to allow any residual fuel to drain
into the fuel tank.

WARNING:

Stop refueling after the

fuel pump nozzle automatically shuts
off for the second time. Failure to follow
this will fill the expansion space in the
fuel tank and could lead to fuel
overflowing.

WARNING:

Do not remove the fuel

pump nozzle from its fully inserted
position when refueling.

Use the following guidelines to avoid
electrostatic charge build-up when filling
an ungrounded fuel container:

•

Place approved fuel container on the
ground.

•

Do not fill a fuel container while it is in
the vehicle (including the cargo area).

•

Keep the fuel pump nozzle in contact
with the fuel container while filling.

•

Do not use a device that would hold
the fuel pump handle in the fill position.

Fuel Filler Cap

WARNING:

The fuel system may

be under pressure. If you hear a hissing
sound near the fuel filler inlet, do not
refuel until the sound stops. Otherwise,
fuel may spray out, which could cause
serious personal injury.

WARNING:

If you do not use the

correct fuel filler cap, excessive pressure
or vacuum in the fuel tank may damage
the fuel system or cause the fuel cap to
disengage in a crash. Failure to follow
this warning could result in serious
personal injury.

The fuel tank has a threaded fuel filler cap.

Note:

If you must replace the fuel filler cap,

replace it with a fuel filler cap that is
designed for your vehicle. The vehicle
Warranty may be void for any damage to
the fuel tank or fuel system if the correct
genuine Ford, Motorcraft or other certified
fuel filler cap is not used.

When refueling the vehicle fuel tank do the
following.

112

Fuel and Refueling

1.

When your vehicle has stopped, shift
into neutral (N) or park (P).

2. Apply the parking brake and switch the

ignition off.

3. Turn the fuel filler cap

counterclockwise and remove it.

4. Refuel your vehicle as required.

5. Replace the fuel filler cap, turn it

clockwise until you feel a strong
resistance.

If the fuel cap warning lamp or a warning
message appears in the instrument cluster,
you may not have installed the fuel filler
cap correctly.

If the fuel cap warning lamp remains on,
at the next opportunity, safely pull off of
the road, remove the fuel filler cap, align
the cap properly and reinstall it. The check
fuel cap warning lamp or warning message
may not reset immediately. It may take
several driving cycles for the indicators to
turn off. A driving cycle consists of an
engine start-up (after four or more hours
with the engine off) followed by normal
city and highway driving.

FUEL CONSUMPTION

The advertised capacity is the maximum
amount of fuel that you can add to the fuel
tank after running out of fuel. Included in
the advertised capacity is an empty
reserve. The empty reserve is an
unspecified amount of fuel that remains
in the fuel tank when the fuel gauge
indicates empty.

Note:

The amount of fuel in the empty

reserve varies and should not be relied upon
to increase driving range.

Filling the Fuel Tank

For consistent results when refueling:

•

Turn the ignition off before fueling; an
inaccurate reading results if the engine
is left running.

•

Use the same fill rate
(low-medium-high) each time the tank
is filled.

•

Allow no more than one automatic
shut-off when refueling.

Results are most accurate when the filling
method is consistent.

Calculating Fuel Economy

Do not measure fuel economy during the
first 1,000 mi (1,600 km) of driving (this is
your engine’s break-in period). A more
accurate measurement is obtained after
2,000 mi (3,200 km) to 3,000 mi
(4,800 km). Also, fuel expense, frequency
of fill ups or fuel gauge readings are not
accurate ways to measure fuel economy.

1.

Fill the fuel tank completely and record
the initial odometer reading.

2. Each time you fill the fuel tank, record

the amount of fuel added.

3. After at least three fill ups, fill the fuel

tank and record the current odometer
reading.

4. Subtract your initial odometer reading

from the current odometer reading.

To calculate L/100 km (liters per 100
kilometers) fuel consumption, multiply the
liters used by 100, then divide by kilometers
traveled. To calculate MPG (miles per
gallon) fuel consumption, divide miles
traveled by gallons used.

113

Fuel and Refueling

Keep a record for at least one month and
record the type of driving (city or highway).
This provides an accurate estimate of your
vehicle's fuel economy under current
driving conditions. Keeping records during
summer and winter will show how
temperature impacts fuel economy.

Conditions

•

Heavily loading your vehicle reduces
fuel economy.

•

Carrying unnecessary weight in your
vehicle may reduce fuel economy.

•

Adding certain accessories to your
vehicle such as bug deflectors, rollbars
or light bars, running boards and ski
racks may reduce fuel economy.

•

Using fuel blended with alcohol may
lower fuel economy.

•

Fuel economy may decrease with lower
temperatures.

•

Fuel economy may decrease when
driving short distances.

•

You will get better fuel economy when
driving on flat terrain than when driving
on hilly terrain.

FUEL TANK SELECTOR
SWITCH

(IF EQUIPPED)

E205996

Your vehicle may have two fuel tanks. The
fuel in each fuel tank is independently
used. Use the switch on the instrument
panel to select the left-hand or right-hand
fuel tank. The fuel gauge indicates the
remaining fuel in the selected fuel tank.
See

Gauges

(page 63).

114

Fuel and Refueling

EMISSION LAW

WARNING:

Do not remove or alter

the original equipment floor covering or
insulation between it and the metal floor
of the vehicle. The floor covering and
insulation protect occupants of the
vehicle from the engine and exhaust
system heat and noise. On vehicles with
no original equipment floor covering
insulation, do not carry passengers in a
manner that permits prolonged skin
contact with the metal floor. Failure to
follow these instructions may result in
fire or personal injury.

U.S. federal laws and certain state laws
prohibit removing or rendering inoperative
emission control system components.
Similar federal or provincial laws may
apply in Canada. We do not approve of any
vehicle modification without first
determining applicable laws.

Tampering with emissions
control systems including
related sensors or the Diesel

Exhaust Fluid system can result in reduced
engine power and the illumination of the
service engine soon light.

Tampering With a Noise Control
System

Federal laws prohibit the following acts:

•

Removal or rendering inoperative by
any person other than for purposes of
maintenance.

•

Repair or replacement of any device or
element of the design incorporated into
a new vehicle for the purpose of noise
control prior to its sale or delivery to
the ultimate purchaser or while it is in
use.

•

The use of the vehicle after any person
removes or renders inoperative any
device or element of the design.

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
may presume to constitute tampering as
follows:

•

Removal of hood blanket, fender apron
absorbers, fender apron barriers,
underbody noise shields or acoustically
absorptive material.

•

Tampering or rendering inoperative the
engine speed governor, to allow engine
speed to exceed manufacturer
specifications.

If the engine does not start, runs rough,
experiences a decrease in engine
performance, experiences excess fuel
consumption or produces excessive
exhaust smoke, check for the following:

•

A plugged or disconnected air inlet
system hose.

•

A plugged engine air filter element.

•

Water in the fuel filter and water
separator.

•

A clogged fuel filter.

•

Contaminated fuel.

•

Air in the fuel system, due to loose
connections.

•

An open or pinched sensor hose.

•

Incorrect engine oil level.

115

Engine Emission Control

•

Incorrect fuel for climatic conditions.

•

Incorrect engine oil viscosity for
climactic conditions.

Note:

Some vehicles have a lifetime fuel

filter that is integrated with the fuel tank.
Regular maintenance or replacement is not
needed.

Note:

If these checks do not help you

correct the concern, have your vehicle
checked as soon as possible.

Noise Emissions Warranty,
Prohibited Tampering Acts and
Maintenance

On January 1, 1978, Federal regulation
became effective governing the noise
emission on trucks over 10,000 lb
(4,536 kg) Gross Vehicle Weight Rating
(GVWR). The preceding statements
concerning prohibited tampering acts and
maintenance, and the noise warranty
found in the Warranty Guide, are
applicable to complete chassis cabs over
10,000 lb (4,536 kg) GVWR.

CATALYTIC CONVERTER

WARNING:

Do not park, idle or

drive your vehicle on dry grass or other
dry ground cover. The emission system
heats up the engine compartment and
exhaust system, creating the risk of fire.

WARNING:

The normal operating

temperature of the exhaust system is
very high. Never work around or attempt
to repair any part of the exhaust system
until it has cooled. Use special care when
working around the catalytic converter.
The catalytic converter heats up to a very
high temperature after only a short
period of engine operation and stays hot
after the engine is switched off.

WARNING:

Exhaust leaks may

result in entry of harmful and potentially
lethal fumes into the passenger
compartment. If you smell exhaust
fumes inside your vehicle, have your
vehicle inspected immediately. Do not
drive if you smell exhaust fumes.

Your vehicle has various emission control
components and a catalytic converter that
enables it to comply with applicable
exhaust emission standards.

To make sure that the catalytic converter
and other emission control components
continue to work properly:

•

Do not crank the engine for more than
10 seconds at a time.

•

Do not run the engine with a spark plug
lead disconnected.

•

Do not push-start or tow-start your
vehicle. Use booster cables. See

Jump

Starting the Vehicle

(page 190).

•

Use only the specified fuel listed.

•

Do not switch the ignition off when your
vehicle is moving.

•

Avoid running out of fuel.

•

Have the items listed in scheduled
maintenance information performed
according to the specified schedule.

Note:

Resulting component damage may

not be covered by the vehicle Warranty.

The scheduled maintenance items listed
in scheduled maintenance information are
essential to the life and performance of
your vehicle and to its emissions system.

If you use anything other than Ford,
Motorcraft or Ford-authorized parts for
maintenance replacements or for service
of components affecting emission control,
such non-Ford parts should be equivalent
to genuine Ford Motor Company parts in
performance and durability.

116

Engine Emission Control

Illumination of the service engine soon
indicator, charging system warning light or
the temperature warning light, fluid leaks,
strange odors, smoke or loss of engine
power could indicate that the emission
control system is not working properly.

An improperly operating or damaged
exhaust system may allow exhaust to
enter the vehicle. Have a damaged or
improperly operating exhaust system
inspected and repaired immediately.

Do not make any unauthorized changes to
your vehicle or engine. By law, vehicle
owners and anyone who manufactures,
repairs, services, sells, leases, trades
vehicles, or supervises a fleet of vehicles
are not permitted to intentionally remove
an emission control device or prevent it
from working. Information about your
vehicle’s emission system is on the Vehicle
Emission Control Information Decal
located on or near the engine. This decal
also lists engine displacement.

Please consult your warranty information
for complete details.

On-Board Diagnostics (OBD-II)

Your vehicle has a computer known as the
on-board diagnostics system (OBD-II) that
monitors the engine’s emission control
system. The system protects the
environment by making sure that your
vehicle continues to meet government
emission standards. The OBD-II system
also assists a service technician in properly
servicing your vehicle.

When the service engine soon
indicator illuminates, the OBD-II
system has detected a

malfunction. Temporary malfunctions may
cause the service engine soon indicator to
illuminate. Examples are:

1.

Your vehicle has run out of fuel—the
engine may misfire or run poorly.

2. Poor fuel quality or water in the

fuel—the engine may misfire or run
poorly.

3. The fuel fill inlet may not have closed

properly. See

Refueling

(page 110).

4. Driving through deep water—the

electrical system may be wet.

You can correct these temporary
malfunctions by filling the fuel tank with
good quality fuel, properly closing the fuel
fill inlet or letting the electrical system dry
out. After three driving cycles without these
or any other temporary malfunctions
present, the service engine soon indicator
should stay off the next time you start the
engine. A driving cycle consists of a cold
engine startup followed by mixed city and
highway driving. No additional vehicle
service is required.

If the service engine soon indicator remains
on, have your vehicle serviced at the first
available opportunity. Although some
malfunctions detected by the OBD-II may
not have symptoms that are apparent,
continued driving with the service engine
soon indicator on can result in increased
emissions, lower fuel economy, reduced
engine and transmission smoothness and
lead to more costly repairs.

Readiness for Inspection and
Maintenance (I/M) Testing

Some state and provincial and local
governments may have
Inspection/Maintenance (I/M) programs
to inspect the emission control equipment
on your vehicle. Failure to pass this
inspection could prevent you from getting
a vehicle registration.

If the service engine soon
indicator is on or the bulb does
not work, your vehicle may need

service. See On-Board Diagnostics.

117

Engine Emission Control

Your vehicle may not pass the I/M test if
the service engine soon indicator is on or
not working properly (bulb is burned out),
or if the OBD-II system has determined
that some of the emission control systems
have not been properly checked. In this
case, the vehicle is not ready for I/M
testing.

If the vehicle’s engine or transmission has
just been serviced, or the battery has
recently run down or been replaced, the
OBD-II system may indicate that the
vehicle is not ready for I/M testing. To
determine if the vehicle is ready for I/M
testing, turn the ignition key to the on
position for 15 seconds without cranking
the engine. If the service engine soon
indicator blinks eight times, it means that
the vehicle is not ready for I/M testing; if
the service engine soon indicator stays on
solid, it means that your vehicle is ready
for I/M testing.

The OBD-II system checks the emission
control system during normal driving. A
complete check may take several days.

If the vehicle is not ready for I/M testing,
you can perform the following driving cycle
consisting of mixed city and highway
driving:

1.

15 minutes of steady driving on an
expressway or highway followed by 20
minutes of stop-and-go driving with at
least four 30-second idle periods.

2. Allow your vehicle to sit for at least

eight hours with the ignition off. Then,
start the vehicle and complete the
above driving cycle. The vehicle must
warm up to its normal operating
temperature. Once started, do not turn
off the vehicle until the above driving
cycle is complete.

If the vehicle is still not ready for I/M
testing, you need to repeat the above
driving cycle.

SELECTIVE CATALYTIC
REDUCTANT SYSTEM - DIESEL

Your vehicle may have a selective catalytic
reduction system. This system helps
reduce emission levels of oxides of
nitrogen from the exhaust system. The
system automatically injects diesel
exhaust fluid into the exhaust system to
enable correct selective catalytic reduction
system function.

Note:

Selective catalytic reduction systems

are not fitted to vehicles in markets where
only high-sulfur diesel fuel is available.

Diesel Exhaust Fluid Level

In order for the system to operate correctly
you must maintain the diesel exhaust fluid
level.

The system has a sensor to monitor fluid
level and quality/concentration. A warning
message appears in the information
display when the diesel exhaust fluid level
is low. If a warning message appears, refill
the diesel exhaust fluid tank as soon as
possible. See

Information Messages

(page 74).

Filling the Diesel Exhaust Fluid
Tank

WARNING:

Keep diesel exhaust

fluid out of reach of children. Avoid
contact with skin, eyes or clothing. In
case of contact with your eyes, flush
immediately with water and get prompt
medical attention. In case of contact
with your skin, clean immediately with
soap and water. If you swallow any
diesel exhaust fluid, drink plenty of
water, call a physician immediately.

118

Engine Emission Control

WARNING:

Only refill the diesel

exhaust fluid tank in a well ventilated
area. When you remove the diesel
exhaust fluid tank filler cap or a diesel
exhaust fluid container cap, ammonia
vapors may escape. Ammonia vapors
can be irritating to skin, eyes and mucous
membranes. Inhaling ammonia vapors
can cause burning to the eyes, throat and
nose and cause coughing and watery
eyes.

E210722

The diesel exhaust fluid tank has a blue
filler cap. The tank is behind the left-hand
front wheel. Fill the tank using a fluid pump
at a diesel exhaust fluid filling station or a
diesel exhaust fluid container. We
recommend Motorcraft® diesel exhaust
fluid. See

Diesel Exhaust Fluid Capacity

and Specification

(page 302).

E163354

E163354

Only use diesel exhaust fluid that is
certified by the American Petroleum
Institute (API). Non-certified diesel exhaust
fluid use can cause damage not covered
by the vehicle warranty.

Note:

Do not put diesel exhaust fluid in the

fuel tank or put diesel fuel in the diesel
exhaust fluid tank. This can cause damage
not covered by the vehicle warranty.

You can purchase diesel exhaust fluid at
an authorized dealer, most highway truck
stops or you can contact roadside
assistance for help in finding a retailer that
sells diesel exhaust fluid. In addition, there
is a government website to help you find
the nearest location to purchase diesel
exhaust fluid:
http://www.discoverdef.com.

Filling the Diesel Exhaust Fluid Tank
Using a Fuel Station Pump

Filling the diesel exhaust fluid tank using
a nozzle is similar to fuel fill. The nozzle
shuts off automatically when the tank is
full. Do not continue to fill the tank as this
may cause spilling and overfill and can
cause damage to the tank in freezing
conditions.

Filling the Diesel Exhaust Fluid Tank
Using a Container

The following procedure applies to
Motorcraft diesel exhaust fluid or similar
fluid containers. Always follow the
manufacturer's instructions.

119

Engine Emission Control