Subaru Forester (2022 year). Manual in english — page 27
(430,1)
Certification label
GVWR of your vehicle that is given by
SUBARU is shown on the certification
label located at the bottom of driver’s side
door pillar of your vehicle.
!
Gross Axle Weight (GAW) and
Gross Axle Weight Rating (GAWR)
Gross Axle Weight
The total weight applied to each axle
(GAW) must never exceed the Gross Axle
Weight Rating (GAWR). The front and rear
GAWs can be adjusted by relocating
passengers and luggage inside the vehi-
cle. The front and rear GAWR of your
vehicle that is given by SUBARU are also
shown on the certification label located at
the bottom of driver’s side door pillar.
To check both GVWR and GAWR and to
confirm that the total weight and weight
distribution are within safe driving limits,
you should have your vehicle and trailer
weighed at a commercial weighing station.
Be sure that all cargo is firmly secured to
prevent a change in weight distribution
while driving.
!
Tongue load
Tongue load
Ensure that the trailer tongue load is from 8
to 11% of the total trailer weight and does
not exceed the maximum value of 150 lbs
(68 kg) for Forester, 300 lbs (136 kg) for
Subaru Forester Wilderness.
Trailer towing
428
(431,1)
1)
Jack
2)
Bathroom scale
The tongue load can be weighed with a
bathroom scale as shown in the illustration
above. When weighing the tongue load, be
sure to position the towing coupler at the
height at which it would be during actual
towing, using a jack as shown.
F:
Front
The tongue load can be adjusted by proper
distribution of the load in the trailer. Never
load the trailer with more weight in the
back than in the front; approximately 60
percent of the trailer load should be in the
front and approximately 40 percent in the
rear. Also, distribute the load as evenly as
possible on both the left and right sides.
Be sure that all cargo is firmly secured to
prevent a change in weight distribution
while driving.
WARNING
If the trailer is loaded with more
weight in the back of trailer’s axle
than in the front, the load is taken off
the rear axle of the towing vehicle.
This may cause the rear wheels to
skid, especially during braking or
when vehicle speed is reduced dur-
ing cornering, resulting in over-
steer, spin out and/or jackknifing.
&
Trailer Hitches
WARNING
Never drill the frame or under-body
of your vehicle to install a commer-
cial trailer hitch. If you do, danger-
ous exhaust gas, water or mud may
enter the passenger compartment
through the drilled hole. Exhaust
gas contains carbon monoxide, a
colorless and odorless gas which is
dangerous, or even lethal, if inhaled.
Also, drilling the frame or under-
body of your vehicle could cause
deterioration of strength of your
vehicle and cause corrosion around
the drilled hole.
– CONTINUED –
Trailer towing
429
8
Driving
tips
(432,1)
CAUTION
.
Do not modify the vehicle ex-
haust system, brake system, or
other systems when installing a
hitch or other trailer towing
equipment.
.
Do not use axle-mounted hitches
as they can cause damage to the
axle housing, wheel bearings,
wheels or tires.
Do not use a trailer hitch other than a
genuine SUBARU trailer hitch. A genuine
SUBARU trailer hitch is available from
your SUBARU dealer.
&
When you do not tow a trailer
CAUTION
.
The housing should be kept free
of dirt and corrosion at the points
of contact. The surfaces only
require cleaning with a cloth.
Grease or other lubricants
should never be used.
.
If the tow ball mount is not
installed, the plastic insert
should then be inserted for pro-
tection and to prevent it from
getting dirty.
When the tow ball mount is not used, place
the ball cap and store securely.
&
Connecting a trailer
!
Trailer brakes
WARNING
.
Adequate size trailer brakes are
required when the trailer and its
cargo exceed 1,000 lbs (453 kg)
total weight.
.
Do not directly connect your
trailer’s hydraulic brake system
to the hydraulic brake system in
your vehicle. Direct connection
would cause the vehicle’s brake
performance to deteriorate and
could lead to an accident.
If your trailer’s total weight (trailer weight
plus its cargo weight) exceeds 1,000 lbs
(453 kg), the trailer is required to be
equipped with its own brake system.
Electric brakes or surge brakes are re-
commended, and must be installed prop-
erly. Check that your trailer’s brakes con-
form with Federal, state/province and/or
other applicable regulations. Your
SUBARU’s brake system is not designed
to be tapped into the trailer’s hydraulic
brake system. Please ask your SUBARU
dealer and professional trailer supplier for
more information about the trailer’s brake
system.
!
Trailer safety chains
WARNING
Always use safety chains between
your vehicle and the trailer. Towing
trailer without safety chains could
create a traffic safety hazard if the
trailer separates from the hitch due
to coupling damage or hitch ball
damage.
In case the trailer hitch connector or hitch
ball should break or become discon-
nected, the trailer could get loose and
create a traffic safety hazard.
For safety, always connect the towing
vehicle and trailer with trailer safety
chains. Two chains should be used in
total, one to the right side and the other to
the left side trailer tongue. Pass the chains
crossing each other under the trailer
tongue to prevent the trailer from dropping
onto the ground in case the trailer tongue
should disconnect from the hitch ball.
Allow sufficient slack in the chains taking
tight turn situations into account; however,
be careful not to let them drag on the
ground.
Trailer towing
430
(433,1)
!
Side mirrors
After hitching a trailer to your vehicle,
check that the standard side mirrors
provide a good rearward field of view
without significant blind spots. If significant
blind spots occur with the vehicle’s stan-
dard side mirrors, use towing mirrors that
conform with Federal, state/province and/
or other applicable regulations.
!
Trailer lights
CAUTION
Direct splicing or other improper
connection of trailer lights may
damage your vehicle’s electrical
system and cause a malfunction of
your vehicle’s lighting system.
Connection of trailer lights to your vehicle’s
electrical system requires modifications to
the vehicle’s lighting circuit to increase its
capacity and accommodate wiring
changes. To ensure the trailer lights are
connected properly, please consult your
SUBARU dealer. Check for proper opera-
tion of the turn signals and the brake lights
each time you connect a trailer to your
vehicle.
!
Tires
WARNING
Never tow a trailer when the tempor-
ary spare tire is used. The temporary
spare tire is not designed to sustain
the towing load. Use of the tempor-
ary spare tire when towing can result
in failure of the spare tire and/or less
stability of the vehicle.
Make sure that all the tires on your vehicle
are properly inflated. Refer to “Tires”
Trailer tire condition, size, load rating and
proper inflation pressure should be in
accordance with the trailer manufacturer’s
specifications. Also check federal, state,
province and/or other applicable regula-
tions.
In the event your vehicle gets a flat tire
when towing a trailer, ask a commercial
road service representative or profes-
sional to repair the flat tire.
If you carry a regular size spare tire in your
vehicle or trailer as a precaution against
getting a flat tire, be sure that the spare tire
is firmly secured.
&
Trailer towing tips
CAUTION
.
For models equipped with the
BSD (Blind Spot Detection) and
RCTA (Rear Cross Traffic Alert)
driving support systems, when
towing a trailer, press the BSD/
RCTA OFF switch to deactivate
the system. The system may not
operate properly due to the
blocked radar waves. For details
about the BSD/RCTA OFF switch,
refer to “BSD/RCTA OFF switch”
.
For models equipped with Re-
verse Automatic Braking (RAB)
system, consult your SUBARU
dealer for additional information
about towing a trailer.
– CONTINUED –
Trailer towing
431
8
Driving
tips
(434,1)
.
Towing a trailer in high tempera-
tures, or on long or steep grades,
may cause the vehicle to over-
heat. Refer to “Engine overheat-
ing”
.
When towing a trailer, steering,
stability, stopping distance and
braking performance will be dif-
ferent when compared to normal
operation. For safety’s sake, you
should employ extra caution
when towing a trailer and you
should never drive at excessive
speeds. You should also keep the
following tips in mind:
.
The braking power of the parking
brake may not be sufficient when
s t r o n g e r b r a k i n g p o w e r i s
needed (e.g., when parking on a
steep slope while towing a trai-
ler).
!
Before starting out on a trip
.
Check the towing regulations for trailer
or caravan vehicles that vary by state/
region. Failure to comply with the proce-
dures set forth will not only compromise
your safety, but will also negate your
insurance coverage and/or may violate
the state road and traffic acts and regula-
tions.
.
Check that the vehicle and vehicle-to-
hitch mounting are in good condition. If any
problems are apparent, do not tow the
trailer.
.
Check that the vehicle rests horizon-
tally with the trailer attached. If the vehicle
is tipped sharply up at the front and down
at the rear, check the total trailer weight,
GVW, GAWs and tongue load again, then
confirm that the load and its distribution are
acceptable.
.
Check that the tire rating and pressures
are correct.
.
Check that the vehicle and trailer are
connected properly. Confirm that:
– The trailer tongue is connected
properly to the hitch ball.
– The trailer lights connector is con-
nected properly and trailer’s brake
lights illuminate when the vehicle’s
brake pedal is pressed, and that the
trailer’s turn signal lights flash when
the vehicle’s turn signal lever is oper-
ated.
– The safety chains are connected
properly.
– All cargo in the trailer is secured
safely in position.
– The side mirrors provide a good
rearward field of view without a sig-
nificant blind spot.
.
Sufficient time should be taken to learn
the “feel” of the vehicle/trailer combination
before starting out on a trip. In an area free
of traffic, practice turning, stopping and
backing up.
!
Driving with a trailer
.
You should allow for considerably more
stopping distance when towing a trailer.
Avoid sudden braking because it may
result in skidding or jackknifing and loss
of control.
.
Avoid uneven steering, sharp turns and
rapid lane changes.
.
Slow down before turning. Make a
longer than normal turning radius because
the trailer wheels will be closer than the
vehicle wheels to the inside of the turn. In a
tight turn, the trailer could hit your vehicle.
.
Crosswinds will adversely affect the
handling of your vehicle and trailer, caus-
ing sway. Crosswinds can be due to
weather conditions or the passing of large
trucks or buses. If swaying occurs, firmly
grip the steering wheel and promptly begin
decelerating your vehicle at a gradual
pace.
.
When passing other vehicles, consider-
able distance is required because of the
added weight and length caused by
attaching the trailer to your vehicle.
Trailer towing
432
(435,1)
.
Reversing the vehicle with a trailer can
be difficult and requires experience. Never
accelerate or steer rapidly, and grip the
bottom of the steering wheel with one
hand.
To reverse around a corner, perform the
following procedure.
1. Reverse slowly and steer in the oppo-
site direction to the way you want to turn.
2. Once the trailer begins to swing
around, straighten the steering wheel.
3. Turn the wheel in the opposite direc-
tion.
4. Steer the vehicle around to be in line
with the trailer, then straighten the steering
again.
.
If the ABS warning light illuminates
while the vehicle is in motion, stop towing
the trailer and have repairs performed
immediately by your nearest SUBARU
dealer.
!
Driving on grades
.
Before going down a steep hill, slow
down and shift to a lower gear (if neces-
sary, use 1st gear) in order to utilize the
engine braking effect and prevent over-
heating of your vehicle’s brakes. Do not
make sudden downshifts.
.
When driving uphill in hot weather, the
air conditioner may turn off automatically
to protect the engine from overheating.
.
When driving uphill in hot weather, pay
attention to the following indicators be-
cause the engine and transmission are
relatively prone to overheating.
: Coolant temperature high warning light
: AT OIL TEMP warning light
: Rear differential oil temperature warn-
ing light (if equipped)
If the coolant temperature high warning
light and/or the AT OIL TEMP warning light
illuminates, immediately turn off the air
conditioner and stop the vehicle in the
nearest safe location. For further instruc-
tions and additional information, refer to
the following sections.
– “If you park your vehicle in case of
an emergency”
– “Coolant temperature low indicator
light/Coolant temperature high warn-
ing light”
– “Rear differential oil temperature
warning light”
.
Avoid using the accelerator pedal to
stay stationary on an uphill slope instead of
using the parking brake or foot brake. That
may cause the transmission fluid to over-
heat.
– CONTINUED –
Trailer towing
433
8
Driving
tips
(436,1)
!
Parking on a grade
Always block the wheels under both
vehicle and trailer when parking. Apply
the parking brake firmly. You should not
park on a hill or slope. If parking on a hill or
slope cannot be avoided, you should take
the following steps:
1. Apply the brakes and hold the pedal
down.
2. Have someone place wheel blocks
under both the vehicle and trailer wheels.
3. When the wheel blocks are in place,
release the regular brakes slowly until the
blocks absorb the load.
4. Apply the regular brakes and then
apply the parking brake; slowly release
the regular brakes.
5. Shift into “P” position and shut off the
engine.
Trailer towing
434
(437,1)
9-1. If you park your vehicle in case of
an emergency. . . . . . . . . . . . 436
9-2. Maintenance tools . . . . . . . . . . .. 436
Under the rear floor . . . . . . . . . . . 436
9-3. Temporary spare tire . . . . . . . . . .. 437
9-4. Flat tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 438
Changing a flat tire . . . . . . . . . . . . 438
Tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS)
(U.S.-spec. models). . . . . . . . . . ... 442
9-5. Jump starting . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 443
How to jump start . . . . . . . . . . . ... 444
9-6. Engine overheating . . . . . . . . . . 446
If steam is coming from the engine
compartment . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446
If no steam is coming from the engine
compartment . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446
9-7. Towing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..447
Towing hooks and tie-down hooks/holes . . . 447
Using a flat-bed truck . . . . . . . . . . . 450
Towing with all wheels on the ground. . . . . 450
9-8. Access key fob – if access key fob does
not operate properly . . . . . . . . . .451
Locking and unlocking . . . . . . . . . ... 452
Switching power status . . . . . . . . . .. 452
Starting engine . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 452
9-9. Rear gate – if the rear gate cannot be
opened . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...453
9-10. Moonroof (if equipped) – if the moonroof
does not close. . . . . . . . . . . ...454
9-11. If your vehicle is involved in an accident. 454
Automatic door locking/unlocking operation
when involved in an accident . . . . . . ... 455
In case of emergency
9
In
case
of
emergency
(438,1)
9-1. If you park your vehicle in
case of an emergency
The hazard warning flasher should be
used in day or night to warn other drivers
when you have to park your vehicle under
emergency conditions.
Avoid stopping on the road. It is best to
safely pull off the road if a problem occurs.
The hazard warning flasher can be acti-
vated regardless of the ignition switch
position.
Turn on the hazard warning by pushing the
hazard warning flasher switch. Turn it off
by pushing the switch again.
When the hazard warning flasher are
flashing, the corresponding turn signal
indicator will also flash.
NOTE
When the hazard warning flasher is on,
the turn signals do not work.
9-2. Maintenance tools
Your vehicle is equipped with the following
maintenance tools.
.
Jack
.
Jack handle
.
Screwdriver
.
Towing hook (eye bolt)
.
Wheel nut wrench
&
Under the rear floor
The maintenance tools are stored as
shown in the following illustrations.
If you park your vehicle in case of an emergency
436
(439,1)
1)
Under-floor storage compartment (if
equipped). Refer to “Under-floor storage
compartment”
2)
Jack handle
3)
Spare tire
4)
Tool bucket
1)
Wheel nut wrench
2)
Screwdriver
3)
Jack
4)
Towing hook (eye bolt)
NOTE
.
For how to use the jack, refer to “Flat
.
The following items may be different
depending on the model.
– The shape of the storage com-
partment
– The locations of some mainte-
nance tools
9-3. Temporary spare tire
WARNING
.
Never tow a trailer when the
temporary spare tire is used.
The temporary spare tire is not
designed to sustain the towing
load. Use of the temporary spare
tire when towing can result in
failure of the spare tire and/or
less stability of the vehicle and
may lead to an accident.
.
When a spare tire is mounted or a
wheel rim is replaced without the
original pressure sensor/trans-
mitter being transferred, the low
tire pressure warning light will
illuminate steadily after blinking
for approximately one minute.
This indicates the tire pressure
monitoring system (TPMS) is un-
able to monitor all four road
wheels. Contact your SUBARU
dealer as soon as possible for
tire and sensor replacement and/
or system resetting.
– CONTINUED –
Temporary spare tire
437
9
In
case
of
emergency
(440,1)
CAUTION
Never use any temporary spare tire
other than the original. Using other
sizes may result in severe mechan-
ical damage to the drivetrain of your
vehicle.
The temporary spare tire is smaller and
lighter than a conventional tire and is
designed for emergency use only. Re-
move the temporary spare tire and re-
install the conventional tire as soon as
possible because the spare tire is de-
signed only for temporary use.
Check the inflation pressure of the tem-
porary spare tire periodically to keep the
tire ready for use. For the correct tire
pressure, refer to “Temporary spare tires”
When using the temporary spare tire, note
the following.
.
Drive with caution when the temporary
spare tire is installed. Avoid hard accel-
eration and braking, or fast cornering, as
control of the vehicle may be lost.
.
Do not exceed 50 mph (80 km/h).
.
Do not put a tire chain on the temporary
spare tire. Because of the smaller tire size,
a tire chain will not fit properly.
.
Do not use two or more temporary
spare tires at the same time.
.
Do not drive over obstacles. This tire
has a smaller diameter, so road clearance
is reduced.
1)
Tread wear indicator bar
2)
Indicator location mark
.
When the wear indicator appears on
the tread, replace the tire.
.
The temporary spare tire must be used
only on a rear wheel. If a front wheel tire
gets punctured, replace the wheel with a
rear wheel and install the temporary spare
tire in place of the removed rear wheel.
9-4. Flat tires
If you have a flat tire while driving, never
brake suddenly; keep driving straight
ahead while gradually reducing speed.
Then slowly pull off the road to a safe
place.
&
Changing a flat tire
WARNING
.
Use only the jack and the jack
handle provided with your vehi-
cle. The jack supplied with the
vehicle is designed only for chan-
ging a tire. Never get under the
vehicle while supporting the ve-
hicle with this jack.
.
Do not jack up the vehicle on an
incline or a loose road surface.
The jack can come out of the
jacking point or sink into the
ground and this can result in
serious injury or death.
.
Before jacking up the vehicle, be
sure that there are no occupants
or cargo on board.
.
Do not jack up the vehicle with an
object on or underneath the jack.
The jack can be unstable and this
Flat tires
438
(441,1)
can result in a severe accident.
.
Always turn off the engine before
raising the flat tire off the ground
using the jack. Never swing or
push the vehicle supported with
the jack. The jack can come out of
the jacking point due to a jolt and
this can result in a severe acci-
dent.
.
All passengers must exit the
vehicle before you raise it with
the jack. Raising the vehicle with
someone inside of it could result
in serious injury or death.
.
Do not start the vehicle while it is
supported by the jack. Doing so
could result in serious injury or
death.
NOTE
Contact a SUBARU dealer when jacking
up the vehicle using a garage jack.
CAUTION
Do not hit and bend the disc rotor
backing plate when removing and
installing the tire. A bent backing
plate may scrape against the disc
rotor and cause noise while the
vehicle is in motion.
1. Park on a hard, level surface, when-
ever possible, then stop the engine.
2. Apply the parking brake securely and
shift the select lever to the “P” (Park)
position.
3. Turn on the hazard warning flasher and
unload all occupants and luggage from the
vehicle.
4. Put wheel blocks at the front and rear
of the tire diagonally opposite the flat tire.
5. Take out the jack, jack handle and
wheel nut wrench.
The tools and spare tire are stored under
the floor of the cargo area. Refer to
“Maintenance tools”
NOTE
Make sure that the jack is well lubri-
cated before using it.
6. Take out the tool bucket and turn the
attaching bolt counterclockwise, then take
the spare tire out.
NOTE
If the spare tire provided in your vehicle
is a temporary spare tire, carefully read
“Temporary spare tire”
P437 and
strictly follow the instructions.
– CONTINUED –
Flat tires
439
9
In
case
of
emergency
(442,1)
7. If your vehicle has wheel covers, after
your hands are protected by gloves, grasp
the wheel cover spokes and pull toward
you to remove the wheel cover.
8. Loosen the wheel nuts using the wheel
nut wrench but do not remove the nuts.
Jack-up points
9. Place the jack under the side sill at the
front or rear jack-up point closest to the flat
tire.
Turn the jackscrew by hand until the jack
head engages firmly into the jack-up point.
10. Insert the jack handle into the jack-
screw, and turn the handle until the tire
clears the ground. Do not raise the vehicle
higher than necessary.
Flat tires
440
(443,1)
11. Remove the wheel nuts and the flat
tire.
12. Before putting the spare tire on, clean
the mounting surface of the wheel and hub
with a cloth.
CAUTION
If the threaded part was damaged,
we recommend that you immedi-
ately contact your SUBARU dealer.
13. Put on the spare tire. Replace the
wheel nuts. Tighten them by hand.
WARNING
Do not use oil or grease on the wheel
studs or nuts when the spare tire is
installed. This could cause the nuts
to become loose and lead to an
accident.
14. Turn the jack handle counterclockwise
to lower the vehicle.
15. Use the wheel nut wrench to securely
tighten the wheel nuts to the specified
torque, following the tightening order in the
illustration.
For the wheel nut tightening torque, refer
to “Tires”
P517. Never use your foot on
the wheel nut wrench or a pipe extension
on the wrench because you may exceed
the specified torque. Have the wheel nut
torque checked at the nearest automotive
service facility.
– CONTINUED –
Flat tires
441
9
In
case
of
emergency
(444,1)
1)
Support holder
16. Store the flat tire in the spare tire
compartment. Install with the support
holder facing upward and secure the flat
tire by firmly tightening the attaching bolt.
NOTE
If you cannot fix the flat tire firmly, try
turning the support holder upside
down.
17. Store the jack, jack handle and wheel
nut wrench in their storage locations.
WARNING
Never place a tire or tire changing
tools in the passenger compartment
after changing wheels. In a sudden
stop or collision, loose equipment
could strike occupants and cause
injury. Store the tire and all tools in
the proper place.
&
Tire pressure monitoring
system (TPMS) (U.S.-spec.
models)
Low tire pressure warning light
The tire pressure monitoring system pro-
vides the driver with the warning message
indicated by sending a signal from a
sensor that is installed in each wheel when
tire pressure is severely low.
The tire pressure monitoring system will
activate only when the vehicle is driven.
Also, this system may not react immedi-
ately to a sudden drop in tire pressure (for
example, a blow-out caused running over
a sharp object).
WARNING
.
If the low tire pressure warning
light illuminates while driving,
never brake suddenly. Instead,
perform the following procedure.
(1) Keep driving straight ahead
while gradually reducing
speed.
(2) Slowly pull off the road to a
safe place. Otherwise an acci-
dent involving serious vehicle
damage and serious personal
injury could occur.
(3) Check the pressure for all four
tires and adjust the pressure
to the COLD tire pressure
shown on the vehicle placard
on the door pillar on the
driver’s side.
If this light still illuminates while
driving after adjusting the tire
pressure, a tire may have signifi-
cant damage and a fast leak that
Flat tires
442
(445,1)
causes the tire to lose air rapidly.
If you have a flat tire, replace it
with a spare tire as soon as
possible.
.
When a spare tire is mounted or a
wheel rim is replaced without the
original pressure sensor/trans-
mitter being transferred, the low
tire pressure warning light will
illuminate steadily after blinking
for approximately one minute.
This indicates the TPMS is unable
to monitor all four road wheels.
Contact your SUBARU dealer as
soon as possible for tire and
sensor replacement and/or sys-
tem resetting.
.
When a tire is repaired with liquid
sealant, the tire pressure warning
valve and transmitter may not
operate properly. If a liquid sea-
lant is used, contact your nearest
SUBARU dealer or other qualified
service shop as soon as possi-
ble. Make sure to replace the tire
pressure warning valve and
transmitter when replacing the
tire. You may reuse the wheel if
there is no damage to it and if the
sealant residue is properly
cleaned off.
If the light illuminates steadily
after blinking for approximately
one minute, promptly contact a
SUBARU dealer to have the sys-
tem inspected.
9-5. Jump starting
WARNING
.
Battery fluid is SULFURIC ACID.
Do not let it come in contact with
the eyes, skin, clothing or the
vehicle.
If battery fluid gets on you, thor-
oughly flush the exposed area
with water immediately. Get med-
ical help if the fluid has entered
your eyes.
If battery fluid is accidentally
swallowed, immediately drink a
large amount of milk or water,
and obtain immediate medical
help.
Keep everyone including chil-
dren away from the battery.
.
The gas generated by a battery
explodes if a flame or spark is
brought near it. Do not smoke or
light a match while jump starting.
.
Never attempt jump starting if the
discharged battery is frozen. It
could cause the battery to burst
or explode.
.
Whenever working on or around a
battery, always wear suitable eye
– CONTINUED –
Jump starting
443
9
In
case
of
emergency
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