Subaru Outback (2022 year). Manual in english — page 35

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Cord separation

The parting of cords from adjacent
rubber compounds.

Cracking

Any parting within the tread, side-
wall, or inner liner of the tire
extending to cord material.

Curb weight

The weight of a motor vehicle with
standard equipment including the
maximum capacity of fuel, oil and
coolant, and if so equipped, air
conditioning and additional weight
optional engine.

Extra load tire

A tire designed to operate at higher
loads and higher inflation pressure
than the corresponding standard
tire.

Groove

The space between two adjacent
tread ribs.

Innerliner

The layer(s) forming the inside sur-
face of a tubeless tire that contains
the inflating medium within the tire.

Innerliner separation

The parting of the innerliner from
cord material in the carcass.

Intended outboard sidewall

(1)

The sidewall that contains a

whitewall, bears white lettering
or bears manufacturer, brand,
and/or model name molding that
is higher or deeper than the
same molding on the other side-
wall of the tire, or

(2)

The outward facing sidewall

of an asymmetrical tire that has a
particular side that must always
face outward when mounting on
a vehicle.

Light truck (LT) tire

A tire designated by its manufac-
turer as primarily intended for use
on lightweight trucks or multipur-
pose passenger vehicles.

Load rating

The maximum load that a tire is
rated to carry for a given inflation
pressure.

Maximum inflation pressure

The maximum cold inflation pres-

sure to which a tire may be inflated.

Maximum load rating

The load rating for a tire at the
maximum permissible inflation
pressure for that tire.

Maximum loaded vehicle weight

The sum of:

(a)

Curb weight

(b)

Accessory weight

(c)

Vehicle capacity weight

(d)

Production options weight

Maximum permissible inflation

pressure

The maximum cold inflation pres-
sure to which a tire may be inflated.

Measuring rim

The rim on which a tire is fitted for
physical dimension requirements.

Normal occupant weight

150 lbs (68 kg) times the number of
occupants specified in the second
column of Table 1 that is appended
to the end of this section.

Occupant distribution

Distribution of occupants in a vehi-
cle as specified in the third column
of Table 1 that is appended to the

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end of this section.

Open splice

Any parting at any junction of tread,
sidewall, or innerliner that extends
to cord material.

Outer diameter

The overall diameter of an inflated
new tire.

Overall width

The linear distance between the
exteriors of the sidewalls of an
inflated tire, including elevations
due to labeling, decorations, or
protective bands or ribs.

Passenger car tire

A tire intended for use on passen-
ger cars, multipurpose passenger
vehicles, and trucks, that have a
gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR)
of 10,000 lbs (4,535 kg) or less.

Ply

A layer of rubber-coated parallel
cords.

Ply separation

A parting of rubber compound
between adjacent plies.

Pneumatic tire

A mechanical device made of rub-
ber, chemicals, fabric and steel or
o t h e r m a t e r i a l s , t h a t , w h e n
mounted on an automotive wheel,
provides the traction and contains
the gas or fluid that sustains the
load.

Production options weight

The combined weight of those
installed regular production options
weighing over 5.1 lbs (2.3 kg) in
excess of those standard items
which they replace, not previously
considered in curb weight or acces-
sory weight, including heavy duty
brakes, ride levelers, roof rack,
heavy duty battery, and special trim.

Radial ply tire

A pneumatic tire in which the ply
cords that extend to the beads are
laid at substantially 90 degrees to
the centerline of the tread.

Recommended inflation pres-

sure

The cold inflation pressure recom-
mended by a vehicle manufacturer.

Reinforced tire

A tire designed to operate at higher
loads and at higher inflation pres-
sures than the corresponding stan-
dard tire.

Rim

A metal support for a tire or a tire
and tube assembly upon which the
tire beads are seated.

Rim diameter

Nominal diameter of the bead seat.

Rim size designation

Rim diameter and width.

Rim type designation

The industry of manufacturer’s des-
ignation for a rim by style or code.

Rim width

Nominal distance between rim
flanges.

Section width

The linear distance between the
exteriors of the sidewalls of an
inflated tire, excluding elevations
due to labeling, decoration, or pro-
tective bands.

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561

Consumer

Information

and

Reporting

Safety

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Sidewall

That portion of a tire between the
tread and bead.

Sidewall separation

The parting of the rubber compound
from the cord material in the side-
wall.

Snow tire

A tire that attains a traction index
equal to or greater than 110, com-
pared to the ASTM E1136-93 Stan-
dard Reference Test Tire, when
using the snow traction test as
described in ASTM F-1805-00,
Standard Test Method for Single
Wheel Driving Traction in a Straight
Line on Snow-and Ice-Covered
Surfaces, and that is marked with
an Alpine Symbol “ ” on at least
one sidewall.

Test rim

The rim on which a tire is fitted for
testing, and it may be any rim listed
as appropriate for use with that tire.

Tread

That portion of a tire that comes into
contact with the road.

Tread rib

A tread section running circumfer-
entially around a tire.

Tread separation

Pulling away of the tread from the
tire carcass.

Treadwear indicators (TWI)

The projections within the principal
grooves designed to give a visual
indication of the degrees of wear of
the tread.

Vehicle capacity weight

The rated cargo and luggage load
plus 150 lbs (68 kg) times the
vehicle’s designated seating capa-
city.

Vehicle maximum load on the tire

Load on an individual tire that is
determined by distributing to each
axle its share of the maximum
loaded vehicle weight and dividing
by two.

Vehicle normal load on the tire

Load on an individual tire that is
determined by distributing to each
axle its share of the curb weight,
accessory weight, and normal oc-

cupant weight (distributed in accor-
dance with Table 1 that is appended
to the end of this section) and
dividing by 2.

Wheel-holding fixture

The fixture used to hold the wheel
and tire assembly securely during
testing.

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Table 1 — Occupant loading and distribution for vehicle normal load for
various designated seating capacities

Designated seating

capacity, number of

occupants

Vehicle normal load,

number of occupants

Occupant distribution in a

normally loaded vehicle

2 through 4

2 in front.

5 through 10

2 in front, 1 in second
seat.

11 through 15

2 in front, 1 in second
seat, 1 in third seat, 1 in
fourth seat.

16 through 22

2 in front, 2 in second
seat, 2 in third seat, 1 in
fourth seat.

Tire Care – Maintenance and
Safety Practices

Check on a daily basis that the

tires are free from serious damage,
nails, and stones. At the same time,
check the tires for abnormal wear.

Inspect the tire tread regularly

and replace the tires before their
tread wear indicators become visi-
ble. When a tire’s tread wear in-
dicator becomes visible, the tire is
worn beyond the acceptable limit
and must be replaced immediately.
With a tire in this condition, driving
at even low speeds in wet weather
can cause the vehicle to hydro-
plane. Possible resulting loss of
vehicle control can lead to an
accident.

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563

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To maximize the life of each tire

and ensure that the tires wear
uniformly, it is best to rotate the
tires every 6,000 miles (10,000 km).
Rotating the tires involves switching
the front and rear tires on the right-
hand side of the vehicle and simi-
larly switching the front and rear
tires on the left-hand side of the
vehicle. (Each tire must be kept on
its original side of the vehicle.)
Replace any damaged or unevenly
worn tire at the time of rotation. After
tire rotation, adjust the tire pres-
sures and make sure the wheel nuts
are correctly tightened. For informa-
tion about the tightening torque and
tightening sequence for the wheel
nuts, refer to “

Flat Tires”

P462.

Vehicle Load Limit – How to
Determine

The load capacity of your vehicle is
determined by weight, not by avail-
able cargo space. The load limit of
your vehicle is shown on the vehicle
placard attached to the driver’s side
B-pillar. Locate the statement “The

combined weight of occupants and
cargo should never exceed XXX kg
or XXX lbs” on your vehicle’s
placard.
The vehicle placard also shows
seating capacity of your vehicle.
The total load capacity includes the
total weight of driver and all pas-
sengers and their belongings, any
cargo, any optional equipment such
as a trailer hitch, roof rack or bike
carrier, etc., and the tongue load of
a trailer. Therefore cargo capacity
can be calculated by the following
method.

Cargo capacity = Load limit − (total
weight of occupants + total weight
of optional equipment + tongue load
of a trailer (if applicable))

For towing capacity information and
weight limits, refer to “

Trailer Towing

( O u t b a c k / S u b a r u

O u t b a c k

Wilderness)”

P449.

Calculating total and load ca-
pacities varying seating con-
figurations

Calculate the available load capa-
city as shown in the following
examples:

Example 1A

Vehicle capacity weight of the ve-
hicle is 800 lbs (363 kg), which is
indicated on the vehicle placard
with the statement “The combined
weight of occupants and cargo
should never exceed 363 kg or
800 lbs”.

For example, if the vehicle has one

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occupant weighing 154 lbs (70 kg)
plus cargo weighing 551 lbs (250
kg).

Calculate the total weight.

Calculate the available load ca-

pacity by subtracting the total
weight from the vehicle capacity
weight of 800 lbs (363 kg).

The result of step 2 shows that a

further 95 lbs (43 kg) of cargo can
be carried.

Example 1B

For example, if a person weighing
176 lbs (80 kg) now enters the same
vehicle (bringing the number of
occupants to two), the calculations
are as follows:

Calculate the total weight.

Calculate the available load ca-

pacity.

The total weight now exceeds

the capacity weight by 81 lbs (37
kg), so the cargo weight must be
reduced by 81 lbs (37 kg) or more.

Example 2A (Outback/Subaru
Outback Wilderness only)

CAUTION

Legacy: Your vehicle is neither
designed nor intended to be
used for trailer towing. There-
fore, never tow a trailer with
your vehicle.

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For example, the vehicle has one
occupant weighing 165 lbs (75 kg)
plus cargo weighing 265 lbs (120
kg). In addition, the vehicle is fitted
with a trailer hitch weighing 22 lbs
(10 kg), to which is attached a trailer
weighing 1,764 lbs (800 kg). 10% of
the trailer weight is applied to the
trailer tongue (i.e. Tongue load =

176 lbs (80 kg)).

Calculate the total weight.

Calculate the available load ca-

pacity.

The result of step 2 shows that a

further 172 lbs (78 kg) of cargo can
be carried.

Example 2B (Outback/Subaru
Outback Wilderness only)

CAUTION

Legacy: Your vehicle is neither
designed nor intended to be
used for trailer towing. There-
fore, never tow a trailer with
your vehicle.

For example, if a person weighing
143 lbs (65 kg) and a child weighing
40 lbs (18 kg) now enter the same
vehicle (bringing the number of
occupants to three), and a child
restraint system weighing 11 lbs (5

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kg) is installed in the vehicle for the
child to use, the calculations are as
follows:

Calculate the total weight.

Calculate the available load ca-

pacity.

The total weight now exceeds

the capacity weight by 22 lbs (10

kg), so the cargo weight must be
reduced by 22 lbs (10 kg) or more.

Determining Compatibility of
Tire and Vehicle Load Capa-
cities

The sum of four tires’ maximum
load ratings must exceed the max-
imum loaded vehicle weight
(“GVWR”). In addition, sum of the
maximum load ratings of two front
tires and of two rear tires must
exceed each axle’s maximum
loaded capacity (“GAWR”). Original
equipment tires are designed to
fulfill those conditions.
The maximum loaded vehicle
weight is referred to Gross Vehicle
Weight Rating (GVWR). And each
axle’s maximum loaded capacity is
referred to Gross Axle Weight Rat-
ing (GAWR). The GVWR and each
axle’s GAWR are shown on the
vehicle certification label affixed to
the driver’s door.
The GVWR and front and rear
GAWRs are determined by not only

the maximum load rating of tires but
also loaded capacities of the vehi-
cle’s suspension, axles and other
parts of the body.
Therefore, this means that the
vehicle cannot necessarily be
loaded up to the tire’s maximum
load rating on the tire sidewall.

Adverse Safety Conse-
quences of Overloading on
Handling and Stopping and
on Tires

Overloading could affect vehicle
handling, stopping distance, vehicle
and tire as shown in the following.
This could lead to an accident and
possibly result in severe personal
injury.

Vehicle stability will deteriorate.

Heavy and/or high-mounted

loads could increase the risk of
rollover.

Stopping distance will increase.

Brakes could overheat and fail.

Suspension, bearings, axles and

other parts of the body could break

– CONTINUED –

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567

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or experience accelerated wear that
will shorten vehicle life.

Tires could fail.

Tread separation could occur.

Tire could separate from its rim.

Steps for Determining Cor-
rect Load Limit

Locate the statement “The com-

bined weight of occupants and
cargo should never exceed XXX
kg or XXX lbs.” on your vehicle’s
placard.

Determine the combined weight

of the driver and passengers that
will be riding in your vehicle.

Subtract the combined weight of

the driver and passengers from
XXX kg or XXX lbs.

The resulting figure equals the

available amount of cargo and
luggage load capacity. For exam-
ple, if the “XXX” amount equals
1,400 lbs (635 kg) and there will be
five 150 lbs (68 kg) passengers in
your vehicle, the amount of avail-
able cargo and luggage load capa-

city is 650 lbs (1,400 − 750 (5

150) = 650 lbs).

Determine the combined weight

of luggage and cargo being loaded
on the vehicle. That weight may not
safely exceed the available cargo
and luggage load capacity calcu-
lated in Step 4.

If your vehicle will be towing a

trailer, load from your trailer will be
transferred to your vehicle. Consult
this manual to determine how this
reduces the available cargo and
luggage load capacity of your ve-
hicle.

13-3. Uniform Tire Quality
Grading Standards

This information indicates the rela-
tive performance of passenger car
tires in the area of treadwear,
traction, and temperature resis-
tance. This is to aid the consumer
in making an informed choice in the
purchase of tires.
Quality grades can be found where
applicable on the tire sidewall be-
tween tread shoulder and maximum
section width. For example:

TREADWEAR 200 TRACTION AA
TEMPERATURE A

The quality grades apply to new
pneumatic tires for use on passen-
ger cars. However, they do not
apply to deep tread, winter type
snow tires, space-saver or tempor-
ary use spare tires, tires with
nominal rim diameters of 12 inches
or less, or to some limited produc-
tion tires.

All passenger car tires must con-

Uniform Tire Quality Grading Standards

568

(571,1)

form to Federal Safety Require-
ments in addition to these grades.

TREADWEAR

The treadwear grade is a compara-
tive rating based on the wear rate of
the tire when tested under con-
trolled conditions on a specified
government test course.
For example, a tire graded 150
would wear one and one-half (1-
1/2) times as well on the govern-
ment course as a tire graded 100.
The relative performance of tires
depends upon the actual conditions
of their use, however, and may
depart significantly from the norm
due to variations in driving habits,
service practices and differences in
road characteristics and climate.

TRACTION AA, A, B, C

The traction grades, from highest to
lowest, are AA, A, B and C. Those
grades represent the tire’s ability to
stop on wet pavement as measured
under controlled conditions on spe-

cified government test surfaces of
asphalt and concrete. A tire marked
C may have poor traction perfor-
mance.

WARNING

The traction grade assigned to
this tire is based on straight-
ahead braking traction tests,
and does not include accelera-
tion, cornering, hydroplaning,
or peak traction characteris-
tics.

TEMPERATURE A, B, C

The temperature grades are A (the
highest), B, and C, representing the
tire’s resistance to the generation of
heat and its ability to dissipate heat
when tested under controlled con-
ditions on a specified indoor labora-
tory test wheel. Sustained high
temperature can cause the material
of the tire to degenerate and reduce
tire life, and excessive temperature
can lead to sudden tire failure. The

grade C corresponds to a level of
performance which all passenger
car tires must meet under the
Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Stan-
dard No. 109. Grades B and A
represent higher levels of perfor-
mance on the laboratory test wheel
than the minimum required by law.

WARNING

The temperature grade for this
tire is established for a tire that
is properly inflated and not
overloaded. Excessive speed,
underinflation, or excessive
loading, either separately or
in combination, can cause
heat buildup and possible tire
failure.

Uniform Tire Quality Grading Standards

569

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13-4. Reporting Safety De-
fects (USA)

If you believe that your vehicle has a
defect which could cause a crash or
could cause injury or death, you
should immediately inform the Na-
tional Highway Traffic Safety Ad-
ministration (NHTSA) in addition to
notifying Subaru of America, Inc.
If NHTSA receives similar com-
plaints, it may open an investiga-
tion, and if it finds that a safety
defect exists in a group of vehicles,
it may order a recall and remedy
campaign. However, NHTSA can-
not become involved in individual
problems between you, your dealer,
or Subaru of America, Inc. To
contact NHTSA, you may call the
Vehicle Safety Hotline toll-free at 1-
888-327-4236 (TTY: 1-800-424-
9153); go to http://www.safercar.
gov; or write to: Administrator,
NHTSA, 1200 New Jersey Avenue,
SE, West Building, Washington, DC
20590. You can also obtain other

information about motor vehicle
safety from http://www.safercar.
gov.

13-5. How to Contact Trans-
port Canada in Order to Re-
port a Safety Concern
Relating to the Vehicle
(Canada)

Reporting Safety Defects (USA)

570

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GAS STATION REFERENCE

Fuel

Use only

unleaded gasoline

with an octane rating of

87 AKI (90

RON) or higher

Fuel Octane Rating

RON

This octane rating is the Research Octane Number.

AKI

This octane rating is the average of the Research Octane and
Motor Octane numbers and is commonly referred to as the Anti
Knock Index (AKI).

Limit of Ethanol Content

2.5 L models: no more than 10%
2.4 L models: no more than 15%

Fuel Tank Capacity

18.5 US gal (70 liters, 15.4 Imp gal)

Engine Oil

Always use the SUBARU approved engine oil. For further
details, please contact your SUBARU dealer.
If the approved engine oil is unavailable, use the alternative
engine oil described as follows.

API classification SN with the words “RESOURCE CON-

SERVING” or SN PLUS with the words “RESOURCE CON-
SERVING”

or ILSAC GF-5, which can be identified with the ILSAC

certification mark (Starburst mark)

For the complete viscosity requirements, refer to “Engine Oil”

P542.

Engine Oil Capacity

2.5 L models: 4.4 US qt (4.2 liters, 3.7 Imp qt)
2.4 L models: 4.8 US qt (4.5 liters, 4.0 Imp qt)

The indicated oil quantity is only a guideline and is estimated
based on a case when the engine oil is changed with an oil filter.
After refilling the engine with oil, the oil level should be checked
using an oil level gauge. For more details about maintenance
and service, refer to “Engine Oil”

P501.

Cold Tire Pressure

Refer to “Tires”

P546.

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