Defender 90 NAS. Manual — part 55
STEERING
11
FAULT DIAGNOSIS
STIFF STEERING CHECKLIST
NOTE: Having completed visual checks
and steering assessment and confirmed
that vehicle steering load is incorrect carry
out the following procedure in order shown.
Steering wheel ’torque to turn’ loads
1. Raise vehicle so both front wheels free.
2. With engine off, centralise steering wheel, and
remove steering wheel pad. Using torque
wrench on column nut, check torque required to
turn the steering wheel one turn in each
direction.
3. Record readings obtained in each direction.
Reading should be
4.4 Nm, 3.5 lbf ft .
NOTE: If figures are in excess of that
specified carry out steering box tie bar
reset below. If figures are as specified
See
Visual Check and Basic Adjustments .
Steering box tie bar reset
1. Loosen the tie bar fixings one complete turn.
2. Drive vehicle carefully a short distance, within
the dealership, applying full lock in both
directions in order to settle steering components.
Drive vehicle over speed bumps and include
harsh braking if possible.
WARNING: Do not drive on public
highway.
3. Near end of 2. ensure vehicle is driven in a
straight line on level ground and halted.
4. Tighten panhard rod mounting arm nut to
110
Nm, 80 lbf ft .
5. Tighten the 2 fixings, tie bar to steering box, to
80 Nm, 60 lbf ft .
6. Recheck steering wheel torque to turn. If torque
reading is still greater than specified, carry out
steering shaft universal joint lubrication.
Lower steering shaft universal joint lubrication
1. Check lower steering shaft is correctly phased
See Repair, Lower Steering Shaft and
Universal Joints.
2. Lubricate universal joints with an anti-seizure
type penetrating spray. Work the joints to ensure
full penetration of the spray by driving vehicle
and steering from lock to lock.
3. If steering stiffness still persists carry out swivel
pin preload setting.
Swivel pin preload setting
1. The swivel pin preload setting must be checked
and set
See FRONT AXLE AND FINAL DRIVE,
Overhaul, Front Stub Axle, Constant Velocity
Joint and Swivel Pin Housing.
Note that a pull load of 1.16 - 1.46 kg, 2.5 - 3.2 lb
is required after the axle shaft and swivel
housing seal have been removed.
Steering box adjustment
1. Check steering box adjustment
See
Adjustment, Power Steering Box.
Steering damper check
1. Check condition of steering damper
See
Steering Damper.
57
STEERING
12
FAULT DIAGNOSIS
VISUAL CHECK AND BASIC ADJUSTMENTS
NOTE: It is important that the following
instructions are carried out in the
sequence shown and the results recorded.
1. Road springs - check that road springs are
correctly seated and are to correct specification
for vehicle. For spring specification
See
GENERAL SPECIFICATION DATA,
Information, Road Springs Data.
2. Ride height - measure trim height from wheel
centre to wheelarch eyebrow. Record results on
Check Sheet.
3. Check/top up power steering fluid
See Repair,
Power Steering Fluid Reservoir.
4. Check tension and condition of drive belt
See
ELECTRICAL, Repair, Auxiliary drive Belt.
5. Track rod/drag link - check condition of track rod,
drag link and ball joints
See Repair, Drag Link
and Drag Link Ends.
If either component is damaged, check operation
of steering damper and steering box for
smoothness. Replace all damaged or worn
components that impair the operation of the
steering system.
6. Suspension bushes - examine all steering and
suspension bushes for signs of wear and
deterioration. Also check all fixings for torque
relaxation. Tighten to correct torque value
See
FRONT SUSPENSION, Specifications, torque,
Torque Values.
7. Oil leaks - check front and rear axle hubs for
leak and repair as necessary.
8. Brake system - check brake system for leaks,
pipe condition, pad wear/contamination, disc
wear/condition.
9. Hub end float - check movement in the hubs by
rocking the wheels.
10. Check front wheel alignment. Vehicles displaying
a tendency to veer more than considered
allowable, it is permissible to set the front track
to parallel.
11. Having completed all the above checks and
adjustments, road test vehicle
See Road Test
Procedure .
Attempt to reproduce the symptoms established
earlier. If symptoms still exist refer to relevant
Diagstic Chart.
STEERING LINKAGE INSPECT
NOTE: When inspecting steering linkages
and ball joints for wear the following items
must be checked.
Steering ball joints
1. Check ball joint rubber boots for security, signs
of cracking or deterioration.
2. Check ball joint assemblies for seizure i.e. no
movement on ball joint and associated
assemblies.
3. Check for excessive wear. This will be evident
as extreme movement on track rod and steering
linkages. Renew parts as necessary
See
Repair, Track Rod and Linkage, See Repair,
Drag Link and Drag Link Ends.
Steering linkages
1. Check all linkages for wear, deterioration and
damage. Renew parts as necessary
See
Repair, Track Rod and Linkage, See Repair,
Drag Link and Drag Link Ends.
STEERING
1
ADJUSTMENT
POWER STEERING BOX - ADJUST
Service repair no - 57.35.01
WARNING: Adjustments of steering box
should not be required while in warranty
period. If box is stiff or tight and within
warranty, it must be returned to manufacturer. No
attempt must be made to introduce backlash.
1. Apply park brake brake, select ’P’ and chock
road wheels.
2. Jack up front of vehicle until wheels are clear of
ground.
3. Support chassis front on axle stands.
4. Disconnect drag link from steering drop arm.
5. Centralise steering box
See Power Steering
Box - centralise
NOTE: Only check for no backlash when
steering box is in central position.
NOTE: If steering wheel is not straight, it
should be repositioned.
6. Adjustment is obtained by rocking the drop arm
about centre whilst an assistant slowly tightens
the steering box adjuster screw.
7. Tighten locknut when all backlash has been
removed.
8. Repeat the check for backlash. If backlash exists
loosen locknut and repeat adjustment
procedure.
9. Turn steering wheel lock to lock and check no
tightness exists.
10. Ensure front wheels are aligned and in straight
ahead position.
11. Adjust drag link 924 mm, 36.2 in between ball
joint centres.
12. Connect drag link and tighten to
40 Nm, 30 lbf
ft.
13. Lower vehicle to ground level and remove
chocks.
14. Road test vehicle .
Drag link adjust
1. If steering wheel is to right, drag link is too short.
If steering wheel is to left drag link is too long.
2. Adjust drag link until steering wheel points
straight ahead when vehicle is travelling in a
straight line.
57
STEERING
2
ADJUSTMENT
STEERING LOCK STOPS
Service repair no - 57.65.03
Check
1. Measure clearance between tyre wall and radius
arm at full lock. This must be not less than 20
mm, 0.79 in.
Adjust
2. Loosen stop bolt locknut.
3. Turn stop bolt as required.
4. Tighten locknut.
5. Check clearance between tyre wall and radius
arm on each lock.
NOTE: Alternatively lock stop adjustment
may be carried out using following
procedure.
Check
6. Measure stop bolt protrusion ’A’, this must be
59.7 mm, 2.35 in.
Adjust
7. Loosen stop bolt locknut.
8. Turn stop bolt as required.
9. Tighten locknut.
10. Check wheel position at full lock.
FRONT WHEEL ALIGNMENT
Service repair no - 57.65.01
Checking Toe-out dimensions
NOTE: Recognised front wheel alignment
and tracking equipment should be used
for this operation. Only the use of basic
equipment is described below. No Adjustment is
provided for castor, camber or swivel pin
inclinations.
1. Set vehicle on level ground with road wheels
positioned straight ahead.
2. Push vehicle back and forwards to settle linkage.
3. Set up the equipment to manufactures
instructions and check alignment as advised by
equipment supplier.
4. Position trammel probes on inner face of wheel,
not the rims, if the latter are damaged.
5. Measure toe-out at horizontal centre-line of
wheels.
6. Check tightness of clamp bolt fixings. Tighten to
14 Nm, 10lbf ft.
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