Frelander 2. Manual — part 49
Suspension System - General Information -
Coil Spring Suspension
Item
Specification
Front
Front: - Conventional coil spring with a twin tube damper and a high stress stabilizer bar
Rear
Rear: - Conventional coil spring with a twin tube damper and a high stress stabilizer bar
Wheel Alignment Specification (All Markets) - Front
• NOTE: All figures are with vehicle at 'Showroom' ride height - full fluids, full tank of fuel, no occupants/luggage, tires
inflated to normal pressures
Item
Left-hand
Right-hand
Total/Balance
Camber
Nominal
Tolerance
Nominal
Tolerance
Nominal
Tolerance
Decimal degrees
-0.50°
± 0.75°
-0.50°
± 0.75°
0°
± 0.75°
Degrees/minutes
-30'
± 45'
-30'
± 45'
0'
± 45'
Minimum
Maximum
Minimum
Maximum
Minimum
Maximum
Decimal degrees
-1.25°
0.25°
-1.25°
0.25°
-0.75°
0.75°
Degrees/minutes
-1°.15'
15'
-1°.15'
15'
-45'
45'
Castor
Nominal
Tolerance
Nominal
Tolerance
Nominal
Tolerance
Decimal degrees
3.25°
± 0.75°
3.25°
±0.75°
0°
± 0.75°
Degrees/minutes
3°15'
± 45'
3°15'
± 45'
0'
± 45'
Minimum
Maximum
Minimum
Maximum
Minimum
Maximum
Decimal degrees
2.50°
4°
2.50°
4°
-0.75°
0.75°
Degrees/minutes
2°30'
4°
2°30'
4°
-45'
45'
Toe
Nominal
Tolerance
Nominal
Tolerance
Nominal
Tolerance
Decimal degrees
0.10°
±0.10°
0.10°
±0.10°
0.20°
± 0.20°
Degrees/minutes
6'
±6'
6'
±6'
12'
± 12'
Minimum
Maximum
Minimum
Maximum
Minimum
Maximum
Decimal degrees
0°
0.20°
0°
0.20°
0°
0.40°
Degrees/minutes
0'
12'
0'
12'
0'
24'
Wheel Alignment Specification (All Markets) - Rear
• NOTE: All figures are with vehicle at 'Showroom' ride height - full fluids, full tank of fuel, no occupants/luggage, tires
inflated to normal pressures
Item
Left-hand
Right-hand
Total/Balance
Thrust Angle
Camber
Nominal
Tolerance
Nominal
Tolerance
Decimal degrees
-1.95°
± 0.75°
-1.95°
± 0.75°
Degrees/minutes
-1°57'
± 45'
-1°57'
± 45'
Minimum Maximum
Minimum Maximum
Decimal degrees
-2.70°
-1.20°
-2.70°
-1.20°
Degrees/minutes
-2°42'
-1°12'
-2°42'
-1°12'
Toe
Nominal
Tolerance
Nominal
Tolerance
Nominal
Tolerance
Nominal
Tolerance
Decimal degrees
0.17°
± 0.14°
0.17°
± 0.14°
0.33°
± 0.20°
0°
± 0.14°
Degrees/minutes
10'
± 8'
10'
± 8'
20'
± 12'
0'
± 8'
Minimum Maximum
Minimum Maximum
Minimum Maximum
Minimum Maximum
Decimal degrees
0.03°
0.31°
0.03°
0.31°
0.13°
0.53°
-0.14°
0.14°
Degrees/minutes
2'
18'
2'
18'
8'
32'
-8'
8'
Vehicle Ride Height
• NOTE: All figures are with vehicle at 'Kerbside' (curbside) ride height - full fluids, full tank of fuel, no occupants/luggage,
tires inflated to normal pressures
• NOTE: Ride height is measured vertically from wheel center to underside of wheel arch
Description
mm
inch
Front
490.7 ± 12
19.32 ± 0.47
Rear
504.6 ± 12
19.87 ± 0.47
Suspension System - General Information - Suspension System
Diagnosis and Testing
Principles of Operation
For a detailed description of the suspension system, refer to the relevant Description and Operation section in the
workshop manual. REFER to:
Front Suspension
(204-01 Front Suspension, Description and Operation),
Rear Suspension
(204-02 Rear Suspension, Description and Operation),
Ride and Handling Optimization
(204-06 Ride and Handling Optimization, Description and Operation).
Inspection and Verification
1. Verify the customer concern.
1.
2. Visually inspect for obvious signs of damage.
2.
Visual Inspection
Mechanical
Damaged tires
W heel bearing(s)
Loose or damaged front or rear suspension components
Loose, damaged or missing suspension fastener(s)
Incorrect spring(s) installed
Damaged or sagging spring(s)
Damaged or leaking shock absorber(s)
Damaged or leaking strut(s)
W orn or damaged suspension bushing(s)
Loose, worn or damaged steering system components
Damaged axle components
3. If an obvious cause for an observed or reported concern is found, correct the cause (if possible) before
proceeding to the next step.
3.
4. If the cause is not visually evident, verify the symptom and refer to the Symptom Chart.
4.
Symptom Chart
Symptom
Possible Cause
Action
Crabbing
Incorrect rear thrust angle
Front or rear suspension
components
Drive axle damaged
CHECK the rear toe adjustment.
REFER to:
Specifications
(204-00 Suspension System - General
Information, Specifications) /
Four-W heel Alignment (204-00 Suspension System - General
Information, General Procedures).
INSPECT the front and rear suspension systems. REPAIR or
INSTALL new suspension components as necessary. INSTALL a new
rear drive axle/differential as necessary
Drift/Pull
Unequal tire pressure
Incorrect wheel alignment
Tires
Unevenly loaded or
overloaded vehicle
Damaged steering
components
Brake drag
CHECK and ADJUST the tire pressures. INSPECT the tire for
excessive wear.
REFER to:
Specifications
(204-04 Wheels and Tires, Specifications).
CHECK and ADJUST the wheel alignment.
REFER to: Four-Wheel Alignment (204-00 Suspension System -
General Information, General Procedures).
CHECK and ADJUST the tire pressures. INSPECT the tire for
excessive wear.
REFER to:
Specifications
(204-04 Wheels and Tires, Specifications).
NOTIFY the customer of incorrect vehicle loading. CHECK the
steering system.
REFER to:
Steering System
(211-00 Steering System - General
Information, Diagnosis and Testing).
CHECK the brakes.
REFER to:
Brake System
(206-00 Brake System - General
Information, Diagnosis and Testing).
Front Bottoming or
Riding Low
Coil springs
CHECK the ride height. INSTALL new springs as necessary.
REFER to:
Spring
(204-01 Front Suspension, Removal and
Installation) /
Rear Shock Absorber
(204-02 Rear Suspension, Removal and
Installation).
Incorrect Tire Wear
Incorrect tire pressure
(rapid center rib or inner
and outer edge wear)
Excessive front or rear toe
(rapid inner or outer edge
wear)
Excessive negative or
positive camber (rapid
inner or outer edge wear)
Tires out of balance (tires
cupped or dished)
CHECK and ADJUST the tire pressure. INSPECT the tire for
excessive wear.
REFER to:
Specifications
(204-04 Wheels and Tires, Specifications).
CHECK and ADJUST the wheel alignment.
REFER to: Four-Wheel Alignment (204-00 Suspension System -
General Information, General Procedures).
BALANCE the wheels/tires
Suspension System - General Information - Four-Wheel Alignment
General Procedures
Check the geometry specifications.
Refer to:
Specifications
(204-00 Suspension System - General
Information, Specifications).
1.
Check the tie rod ends, suspension joints, wheel bearings and
wheels and tires for damage, wear and free play.
2.
Check and adjust tire pressures.
3.
Position the vehicle on a calibrated, level, vehicle lift.
4.
Release the vehicle parking brake.
5.
Using only four wheel alignment equipment approved by Land Rover,
check and adjust the wheel alignment.
6.
7.
WARNING: Make sure to support the vehicle with axle
stands.
Raise and support the vehicle.
7.
Adjust the rear toe.
Torque: 175 Nm
8.
Repeat the rear toe measurement.
9.
Align the steering to straight ahead.
10.
Adjust the front toe.
Torque: 55 Nm
11.
Check, and if necessary, repeat the wheel alignment procedure until
the correct values are obtained.
12.
Using the Land Rover approved diagnostic system, calibrate the
steering angle sensor.
13.
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