Range Rover Classic. Manual — part 100
57
STEERING
10
FAULT DIAGNOSIS
VISUAL AND SAFETY CHECKS
WARNING: Before taking vehicle out on
the public highway for road test, it is
important that the following basic visual
checks are carried out to ensure that the vehicle
complies with legal requirements.
Tyres and wheel rims
1. Check and adjust tyre pressures.
See
GENERAL SPECIFICATION DATA,
Information, Tyre Pressures
Note that this information refers to standard tyres
fitted as original equipment.
2. Check condition of tyres. Inspect for signs of
uneven wear, damage and feathering. Check
tread depth.
3. Ensure that the tyre make, type and general
condition are common across each axle.
4. Check wheel rims for signs of damage and
excessive run out.
5. Carry out road test.
See Road Test Procedure
ROAD TEST PROCEDURE
General steering/handling problems can usually be
classified into one of the categories listed and ARE
GENERALLY RELATED TO THE AGE, CONDITION
AND USE OF THE VEHICLE.
WARNING: Ensure that all road tests are
conducted by suitably qualified drivers in
a safe and legal manner, and where local
traffic conditions allow.
1. Carry out visual and safety checks.
See Visual
and Safety Checks
Confirm general nature of complaint with customer,
simulating where possible the conditions under which
the problem occurs. Carry out following road test
procedure to establish the problem.
2. Steering load assessment - drive at 16 km/h (10
mph). Put 90
°
turn input into steering wheel,
check self centering. The self centering should
be equal on each lock BUT not necessarily
return to exactly straight ahead without
assistance from the driver.
3. Steering assessment - drive at 64 km/h (40 mph)
on a staight FLAT road (no camber), check for
steering veer. The vehicle should follow a
straight path with NO tendency to follow a
curved path. If vehicle veers towards the kerb,
vehicle may be ’camber sensitive’. A small
amount of veer in direction of camber is
acceptable.
4. Directional stability assessment - drive at 112
km/h (70 mph) or maximum legal speed on a
straight flat road. Carry out a normal lane
change. Vehicle should quickly settle into a new
straight path.
5. Braking assessment (medium effort) - drive at 96
km/h (60 mph) on a straight flat road. Apply
steady medium braking effort, noting any
tendency to veer. Carry out brake test three
times, if a veer is consistently noted carry out a
braking efficiency test on a rolling road.
6. Braking assessment (full effort) - drive at 96
km/h (60 mph) on a straight flat road. Apply full
braking effort, noting any tendency to veer. Carry
out brake test three times, if a veer is
consistently noted carry out a braking efficiency
test on a rolling road.
If the symptom described by the customer is stiff
steering or steering niggle, carry out stiff steering
procedure.
See Stiff Steering Checklist
If not proceed with basic checks and adjustments.
See Visual Check and Basic Adjustments
STEERING
11
FAULT DIAGNOSIS
STIFF STEERING CHECKLIST
NOTE: Having completed visual checks
and steering assessment and confirmed
that vehicle steering load is incorrect carry
out the following procedure in order shown.
Steering wheel ’torque to turn’ loads
1. Raise vehicle so both front wheels free.
2. With engine off, centralise steering wheel, and
remove air bag, if fitted or steering wheel pad.
Using torque wrench on column nut, check
torque required to turn the steering wheel one
turn in each direction.
3. Record readings obtained in each direction.
Compare figures obtained with the specified
figures:
Without ABS
4.40 Nm.
With ABS
4.65 Nm.
NOTE: If figures are in excess of those
specified carry out steering box tie bar
reset below. If figures are as specified.
See Visual Check and Basic Adjustments
Steering box tie bar reset
1. Loosen the three tie bar fixings one complete
turn.
2. Drive vehicle carefully a short distance (within
the dealership) applying full lock in both
directions in order to settle steering components.
Drive vehicle over speed bumps and include
harsh braking if possible.
WARNING: Do not drive on public
highway.
3. Near end of 2. ensure vehicle is driven in a
straight line on level ground and halted.
4. Tighten panhard rod mounting arm nut,
110 Nm.
5. Tighten the two fixings tie bar to steering box,
81
Nm.
6. Recheck steering wheel torque to turn. If torque
reading is still greater than specified, carry out
steering shaft universal joint lubrication.
Lower steering shaft universal joint lubrication
1. Check lower steering shaft is correctly phased.
See Repair, Lower Steering Shaft and
Universal Joints
2. Lubricate universal joints with an anti-seizure
type penetrating spray. Work the joints to ensure
full penetration of the spray by driving vehicle
and steering from lock to lock.
3. If steering stiffness still persists carry out swivel
pin preload setting.
Swivel pin preload setting
The swivel pin preload setting must be checked and
set following the workshop manual procedure.
1. NON ABS vehicles.
See FRONT AXLE AND
FINAL DRIVE, Overhaul, Front Stub Axle,
Constant Velocity Joint and Swivel Pin
Housing Non ABS
Note that a pull load of 1.16 - 1.46 kg is required
after the axle shaft and swivel housing seal have
been removed.
2. ABS vehicles.
See FRONT AXLE AND FINAL
DRIVE, Overhaul, Front Stub Axle, Constant
Velocity Joint and Swivel Pin Housing ABS
Note that a torque to turn of 2.0 - 2.8 Nm is
required after the axle shaft and swivel housing
seal have been removed.
3. If steering stiffness still persists carry out
steering column alignment.
57
STEERING
12
FAULT DIAGNOSIS
Steering column alignment
1. Place vehicle on level ground. Measure the
angle of lower steering shaft using a Pernumeter
placed on the shaft between the universal joints.
The angle should measure a minimum of 12˚.
2. If necessary, realign the shaft. Release the five
fixings securing the steering column. Position
column as required. Tighten the fixings evenly,
27 Nm.
3. Loosen the three screws securing lower steering
column shroud to upper shroud ensure lower
shroud is clipped to upper shroud. Reposition
shroud, tighten screws.
4. Recheck steering column angle.
Steering box adjustment
1. Check steering box adjustment.
See
Adjustment, Power Steering Box
Steering damper check
1. Check condition of steering damper
See
Steering Damper
VISUAL CHECK AND BASIC ADJUSTMENTS
NOTE: It is important that the following
instructions are carried out in the
sequence shown and the results recorded.
1. Road springs - check that road springs are
correctly seated and are to correct specification
for vehicle. For spring specification.
See
GENERAL SPECIFICATION DATA,
Information, Road Springs Data
2. Ride height - measure trim height from wheel
centre to wheelarch eyebrow. Record results on
data sheet.
3. Check/top up power steering fluid
See Repair,
Power Steering Fluid Reservoir
4. Check tension and condition of drive belt.
See
ENGINE, Repair, Drive Belt
5. Track rod/drag link - check condition of track rod,
drag link and ball joints.
See Repair, Drag Link
and Drag Link Ends
If either component is damaged, check operation
of steering damper and steering box for
smoothness. Replace all damaged or worn
components that impair the operation of the
steering system.
6. Suspension bushes - examine all steering and
suspension bushes for signs of wear and
deterioration. Also check all fixings for torque
relaxation. Tighten to correct torque value.
See
FRONT SUSPENSION, Specifications, torque,
Torque Values
7. Oil leaks - check front and rear axle hubs for
leak and repair as necessary.
8. Brake system - check brake system for leaks,
pipe condition, pad wear/contamination, disc
wear/condition and ABS sensors for correct
fitting.
9. Hub end float - check movement in the hubs by
rocking the wheels.
10. Check front wheel alignment. Vehicles displaying
a tendency to veer more than considered
allowable, it is permissible to set the front track
to parallel.
11. Having completed all the above checks and
adjustments, road test vehicle.
See Road Test
Procedure
Attempting to reproduce the symptoms
established earlier. If symptoms still exist refer to
relevant Diagnostic Chart.
STEERING
13
FAULT DIAGNOSIS
STEERING LINKAGE INSPECT
NOTE: When inspecting steering linkages
and ball joints for wear the following items
must be checked.
Steering ball joints
1. Check ball joint rubber boots for security, signs
of cracking or deterioration.
2. Check ball joint assemblies for seizure i.e. no
movement on ball joint and associated
assemblies.
3. Check for excessive wear. This will be evident
as extreme movement on track rod and steering
linkages. Renew parts as necessary.
See
Repair, Track Rod and Linkage See Repair,
Drag Link and Drag Link Ends
Steering linkages
4. Check all linkages for wear, deterioration and
damage. Renew parts as necessary.
See
Repair, Track Rod and Linkage See Repair,
Drag Link and Drag Link Ends
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