Jeep Wrangler TJ. Manual — part 201
SUSPENSION
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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WHEEL ALIGNMENT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
page
page
WHEEL ALIGNMENT
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DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING - SUSPENSION
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STANDARD PROCEDURE - TOE POSITION
WHEEL ALIGNMENT
DESCRIPTION
Wheel alignment involves the correct positioning of
the wheels in relation to the vehicle. The positioning
is accomplished through suspension and steering
linkage adjustments. An alignment is considered
essential for efficient steering, good directional stabil-
ity and to minimize tire wear. The most important
measurements of an alignment are caster, camber
and toe position (Fig. 1).
CAUTION: Never attempt to modify suspension or
steering components by heating or bending.
CAUTION: Components attached with a nut and cot-
ter pin must be torqued to specification. Then if the
slot in the nut does not line up with the cotter pin
hole, tighten nut until it is aligned. Never loosen the
nut to align the cotter pin hole.
NOTE: Periodic lubrication of the front suspension/
steering system components may be required. Rub-
ber bushings must never be lubricated. Refer to
Lubrication And Maintenance for the recommended
maintenance schedule.
OPERATION
• CASTER is the forward or rearward tilt of the
steering knuckle from vertical. Tilting the top of the
knuckle rearward provides positive caster. Tilting the
top of the knuckle forward provides negative caster.
Caster is a directional stability angle. This angle
enables the front wheels to return to a straight
ahead position after turns (Fig. 1)
• CAMBER is the inward or outward tilt of the
wheel relative to the center of the vehicle. Tilting the
top of the wheel inward provides negative camber.
Tilting the top of the wheel outward provides positive
camber. Incorrect camber will cause wear on the
inside or outside edge of the tire. The angle is not
adjustable, damaged component(s) must be replaced
to correct the camber angle (Fig. 1)
• WHEEL TOE POSITION is the difference
between the leading inside edges and trailing inside
edges of the front tires. Incorrect wheel toe position
is the most common cause of unstable steering and
uneven tire wear. The wheel toe position is the final
front wheel alignment adjustment (Fig. 1)
• STEERING AXIS INCLINATION ANGLE is
measured in degrees and is the angle that the steer-
ing knuckles are tilted. The inclination angle has a
fixed relationship with the camber angle. It will not
change except when a spindle or ball stud is dam-
aged or bent. The angle is not adjustable, damaged
TJ
SUSPENSION
2 - 1
component(s) must be replaced to correct the steering
axis inclination angle (Fig. 1)
• THRUST ANGLE is the angle of the rear axle
relative to the centerline of the vehicle. Incorrect
thrust angle can cause off-center steering and exces-
sive tire wear. This angle is not adjustable, damaged
component(s) must be replaced to correct the thrust
angle (Fig. 1)
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING - SUSPENSION AND STEERING SYSTEM
CONDITION
POSSIBLE CAUSES
CORRECTION
FRONT END NOISE
1. Loose or worn wheel bearings.
1. Adjust or replace wheel bearings.
2. Loose or worn steering or
suspension components.
2. Tighten or replace components as
necessary.
EXCESSIVE PLAY IN
STEERING
1. Loose or worn wheel bearings.
1. Adjust or replace wheel bearings.
2. Loose or worn steering or
suspension components.
2. Tighten or replace components as
necessary.
3. Loose or worn steering gear.
3. Adjust or replace steering gear.
Fig. 1 Wheel Alignment Measurements
1 - WHEEL CENTERLINE
2 - NEGATIVE CAMBER ANGLE
3 - PIVOT CENTERLINE
4 - SCRUB RADIUS
5 - TRUE VERTICAL
6 - KING PIN
7 - VERTICAL
8 - POSITIVE CASTER
2 - 2
WHEEL ALIGNMENT
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WHEEL ALIGNMENT (Continued)
CONDITION
POSSIBLE CAUSES
CORRECTION
FRONT WHEELS SHIMMY
1. Loose or worn wheel bearings.
1. Adjust or replace wheel bearings.
2. Loose or worn steering or
suspension components.
2. Tighten or replace components as
necessary.
3. Tires worn or out of balance.
3. Replace or balance tires.
4. Alignment.
4. Align vehicle to specifications.
5. Leaking steering dampener.
5. Replace steering dampener.
VEHICLE INSTABILITY
1. Loose or worn wheel bearings.
1. Adjust or replace wheel bearings.
2. Loose or worn steering or
suspension components.
2. Tighten or replace components as
necessary.
3. Tire pressure.
3. Adjust tire pressure.
4. Alignment.
4. Align vehicle to specifications.
EXCESSIVE STEERING
EFFORT
1. Loose or worn steering gear.
1. Adjust or replace steering gear.
2. Power steering fluid low.
2. Add fluid and repair leak.
3. Column coupler binding.
3. Replace coupler.
4. Tire pressure.
4. Adjust tire pressure.
5. Alignment.
5. Align vehicle to specifications.
VEHICLE PULLS TO ONE
SIDE DURING BRAKING
1. Uneven tire pressure.
1. Adjust tire pressure.
2. Worn brake components.
2. Repair brakes as necessary.
3. Air in brake line.
3. Repair as necessary.
VEHICLE LEADS OR
DRIFTS FROM STRAIGHT
AHEAD DIRECTION ON
UNCROWNED ROAD
1. Radial tire lead.
1. Cross front tires.
2. Brakes dragging.
2. Repair brake as necessary.
3. Weak or broken spring.
3. Replace spring.
4. Uneven tire pressure.
4. Adjust tire pressure.
5. Wheel Alignment.
5. Align vehicle.
6. Loose or worn steering or
suspension components.
6. Repair as necessary.
7. Cross caster out of spec.
7. Align vehicle.
KNOCKING, RATTLING
OR SQUEAKING
1. Worn shock bushings.
1. Replace shock.
2. Loose, worn or bent steering/
suspension components.
2. Inspect, tighten or replace components
as necessary.
3. Shock valve.
3. Replace shock.
IMPROPER TRACKING
1. Loose, worn or bent track bar.
1. Inspect, tighten or replace component as
necessary.
2. Loose, worn or bent steering/
suspension components.
2. Inspect, tighten or replace components
as necessary.
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WHEEL ALIGNMENT
2 - 3
WHEEL ALIGNMENT (Continued)
STANDARD PROCEDURE
STANDARD PROCEDURE - CAMBER
Before each alignment reading the vehicle should
be jounced (rear first, then front). Grasp each
bumper at the center and jounce the vehicle up and
down three times. Always release the bumper in the
down position.
The wheel camber angle is preset. This angle is not
adjustable and cannot be altered.
STANDARD PROCEDURE - CASTER
Before each alignment reading the vehicle should
be jounced (rear first, then front). Grasp each
bumper at the center and jounce the vehicle up and
down three times. Always release the bumper in the
down position.
Check the caster of the front axle for correct angle.
Be sure the axle is not bent or twisted. Road test the
vehicle and observe the steering wheel return-to-cen-
ter position. Low caster will cause poor steering
wheel returnability.
During the road test, turn the vehicle to both the
left and right. If the steering wheel returns to the
center position unassisted, the caster angle is correct.
However, if steering wheel does not return toward
the center position unassisted, a low caster angle is
probable.
Caster can be adjusted by installing cam bolts and
rotating the cams on the lower suspension arm (Fig.
2).
NOTE: Changing caster angle will also change the
front propeller shaft angle. The propeller shaft
angle has priority over caster. Refer to Group 3, Dif-
ferential and Driveline for additional information.
STANDARD PROCEDURE - TOE POSITION
Before each alignment reading the vehicle should
be jounced (rear first, then front). Grasp each
bumper at the center and jounce the vehicle up and
down three times. Always release the bumper in the
down position.
NOTE: The wheel toe position adjustment is the
final adjustment. This adjustment must be per-
formed with the engine running, if the vehicle is
equipped with power steering.
(1) Start the engine and turn wheels both ways
before straightening the steering wheel. Center and
secure the steering wheel.
(2) Loosen the adjustment sleeve clamp bolts (Fig.
3).
(3) Adjust the right wheel toe position with the
drag link (Fig. 4). Turn the sleeve until the right
wheel is at the correct positive TOE-IN position.
Position the clamp bolts as shown (Fig. 3) and
tighten to 49 N·m (36 ft. lbs.). Make sure the toe
setting does not change during clamp tighten-
ing.
(4) Adjust the left wheel toe position with the tie
rod. Turn the sleeve until the left wheel is at the
same TOE-IN position as the right wheel. Position
the clamp bolts as shown (Fig. 3) and tighten to 27
Fig. 2 Cam Adjuster
1 - ADJUSTMENT CAM
2 - AXLE BRACKET
3 - BRACKET REINFORCEMENT
4 - LOWER SUSPENSION ARM
Fig. 3 Drag Link and Tie Rod Clamp
1 - TIE ROD CLAMP
2 - DRAG LINK CLAMPS
2 - 4
WHEEL ALIGNMENT
TJ
WHEEL ALIGNMENT (Continued)
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