Iveco EuroCargo (12 to 26 t). Manual — part 116
The upright angle (
β) of inclination is the one resulting from
the axis passing through the upright and the vertical to the
ground, looking at the vehicle standing before it.
When the extension of the upright axis approaches the wheel
when it is touching the ground (opposite direction compared
to the wheel’s inclination), the angle is positive. It is difficult, if
not impossible, to have a negative upright angle of inclination.
The wheel angle (
α) of inclination and the upright angle (β)
of inclination enable the wheel axis and the upright axis to get
closer to the tyre’s fulcrum on the ground as much as possible.
As a result, it is possible to reduce the tyre wear and to get
a low value of the steering torque.
In order to have a good roadholding, a low tyre wear and to
enable driving wheels to recover an upright direction after
steering, it is necessary to set the wheels according to certain
assembly angles:
- wheel angle of inclination
- upright angle of inclination
- clearance angle
- toe-in
Such angles, when correctly calculated, enable the vehicle to
maintain the right balance among the various forces involved
in its movement, in different loading conditions, which tend
to alter the wheel position on the ground.
Figure 4
Clearance angle
Wheel angle of inclination
The wheel angle (
α) of inclination is the one resulting from
the axis passing through the wheel’s centre line and the verti-
cal to the ground, looking at the vehicle standing before it.
The inclination is positive (A) when the wheel’s upper part
moves outside. It is negative (B) when the wheel’s upper part
moves inside.
32956
32957
32958
Figure 5
Figure 6
A
B
α
α
ß
The clearance angle (
γ) is the one resulting from the upright
axis and the vertical to the ground, looking at the vehicle from
one side.
If the extension of the upright axis falls beyond the wheel’s
fulcrum on the ground in the vehicle’s direction, as a rule the
clearance angle is positive (A).
It is considered negative (B) if it falls behind the wheel’s
fulcrum on the ground.
It is null if it is absolutely perpendicular to the wheel’s fulcrum
on the ground.
Such an angle enables front wheels to keep an upright position
when the vehicle is moving in an upright direction and to
recover such a position after taking a curve as soon as the
steering wheel is released by the driver.
A
B
+
_
γ
γ
Upright angle of inclination
E
URO
C
ARGO
T
ECTOR
12-26 t
8
FRONT AXLE 5845
Base - February 2003
32359
32960
32961
Figure 7
Figure 8
Figure 9
Toe-in is negative if B is lower than A.
Toe-in is zero if B corresponds to A.
A
B
A
B
A
B
Toe-in results from the difference between distance A and
B (value expressed in mm) measured on the rims’ horizontal
axis, looking at the vehicle from above.
In this way it is possible to drive easily and to reduce the tyre
wear.
Toe-in is positive if B is bigger than A.
Toe-in
E
URO
C
ARGO
T
ECTOR
12-26 t
FRONT AXLE 5845
9
Base - February 2003
E
URO
C
ARGO
T
ECTOR
12-26 t
10
FRONT AXLE 5845
Base - February 2003
Axle type
5845
STEERING KNUCKLE PINS
α
Inclination of steering knuckle pin housing
7º
Inclination of steering knuckle pin housing
7º
∅ 1
2
∅
Diameter of roller bearing housing on
steering knuckle:
- upper housing
∅ 1
- lower housing
∅ 2
mm
mm
39.972
÷ 39.988
46.972
÷ 46.988
∅ 3
4
∅
Outside diameter of roller bearings
for steering knuckle:
- upper bearings
∅ 3
- lower bearings
∅ 4
mm
mm
40
47
Upper bearings — steering knuckle
mm
0.012
÷ 0.0028
Lower bearings - steering knuckle
mm
0.012
÷ 0.0028
∅ 5
6
∅
Inside diameter of roller bearings
for steering knuckle:
- upper bearings
∅ 5
- lower bearings
∅ 6
mm
mm
33.025
÷ 33.050
40.025
÷ 40.050
∅ 7
8
∅
Diameter of pin for steering knuckle
- upper
∅ 7
- lower
∅ 8
mm
mm
32.984
÷ 33.000
39.984
÷ 40.000
Upper bearings — pin
mm
0.025
÷ 0.066
Lower bearings — pin
mm
0.025
÷ 0.066
E
URO
C
ARGO
T
ECTOR
12-26 t
FRONT AXLE 5845
11
Base - February 2003
5845
X
X 2
1
Clearance between axle and steering
knuckle upper adjustment
X1
Gap between axle and steering
knuckle lower adjustment
X2
mm
mm
0.10
÷ 0.35
≥ 0.25
S
Adjusting plates X1, X2
0.25 mm
S
mm
0.50
÷ 1.75
WHEEL HUBS
Wheel hub bearings
2 with taper rollers
Hub bearing end play
mm
max 0.16
Wheel hub clearance
not adjustable
locking with lock nut torque
Bearing preloading
daNm 0.30
Oil for wheel hub bearings
Tutela W 140/M-DA
WHEEL SET UP
Wheel inclination (vehicle with static load)
1
°
Wheel incidence (vehicle with static load)
3
°
Toe-in (vehicle with static load)
mm
0.5
÷ 1.5
Steering angle
Inside
α
Outside
β
52
°
36
°
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