KIA Spectra (2009 year). Instruction — part 12
Driving tips
VEHICLE LOAD LIMIT
Type A
Vehicle capacity weight:
Towing capacity:
385 kg (849 lbs)
Without trailer brakes:
340 kg (750 lbs)
Vehicle capacity weight is the maxi-
1
mum combined weight of occupants
With trailer brakes:
and cargo. If your vehicle is equipped
680 kg (1500 lbs)
with a trailer, the combined weight
Towing capacity is the maximum
2
includes the tongue load.
trailer weight including its cargo
weight, your vehicle can tow.
OLD056900N
3
Seating capacity:
Type B
Total : 5 persons
Cargo capacity:
(Front seat : 2 persons,
4
The cargo capacity of your vehicle
Rear seat : 3 persons)
will increase or decrease depending
Seating capacity is the maximum
on the weight and the number of
5
number of occupants including a
occupants and the tongue load, if
driver, your vehicle may carry.
your vehicle is equipped with a trail-
However, the seating capacity may
er.
6
be reduced based upon the weight of
OLD056901N
all of the occupants, and the weight
Tire and loading information
7
of the cargo being carried or towed.
label
Do not overload the vehicle as there
The label located on the driver's door
is a limit to the total weight, or load
8
sill gives the original tire size, cold
limit including occupants and cargo,
tire pressures recommended for your
the vehicle can carry.
vehicle, the number of people that
9
can be in your vehicle and vehicle
capacity weight.
5 11
Driving tips
Steps for determining correct
5. Determine the combined weight of
load limit
luggage and cargo being loaded
WARNING - Load distribu-
on the vehicle. That weight may
tor
1. Locate the statement "The com-
1
not safely exceed the available
Your vehicle may become unsta-
bined weight of occupants and
cargo and luggage load capacity
ble while towing if your vehicle is
cargo should never exceed XXX
calculated in Step 4.
overloaded to one side. Make
kg or XXX lbs.'' on your vehicle's
2
6. If your vehicle will be towing a trail-
sure that the load in the vehicle is
placard.
er, load from your trailer will be
distributed equally to each side
2. Determine the combined weight of
transferred to your vehicle. Consult
of the centerline.
3
the driver and passengers that will
this manual to determine how this
be riding in your vehicle.
reduces the available cargo and
3. Subtract the combined weight of
4
luggage load capacity of your
the driver and passengers from
vehicle.
XXX kg or XXX lbs.
5
4. The resulting figure equals the
available amount of cargo and lug-
gage load capacity. For example, if
6
the "XXX" amount equals 635 kg
(1400 lbs.), and there will be five
7
68 kg (150 lbs.) passengers in
your vehicle, the amount of avail-
able cargo and luggage load
8
capacity is 295 kg (650 lbs.).
(635-340 (5 x
68)
= 295 kg or
1400-750 (5 x 150) = 650 lbs.)
9
5 12
Driving tips
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
1
2
3
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
C190F01JM
C190F02JM
C190F03JM
4
Item
Description
Total
Item
Description
Total
Item
Description
Total
5
Vehicle Capacity
635 kg
Vehicle Capacity
635 kg
Vehicle Capacity
635 kg
A
A
A
Weight
(1400 lbs)
Weight
(1400 lbs)
Weight
(1400 lbs)
6
Subtract Occupant
Subtract Occupant
Subtract Occupant
136 kg
340 kg
390 kg
B
Weight
B
Weight
B
Weight
(300 lbs)
(750 lbs)
(860 lbs)
68 kg (150 lbs) × 2
68 kg (150 lbs) × 5
78 kg (172 lbs) × 5
7
Available Cargo and
499 kg
Available Cargo and
295 kg
Available Cargo and
245 kg
C
C
C
Luggage weight
(1100 lbs)
Luggage weight
(650 lbs)
Luggage weight
(540 lbs)
8
9
5 13
Driving tips
Refer to your vehicle's tire and load-
This label also tells you the maxi-
ing information label for specific
mum weight that can be supported
information about your vehicle's
by the front and rear axles, called
capacity weight and seating posi-
Gross Axle Weight Rating (GAWR).
1
tions. The combined weight of the
To find out the actual loads on your
driver, passengers and cargo should
front and rear axles, you need to go
2
never exceed your vehicle's capacity
to a weigh station and weigh your
weight.
vehicle.Your dealer can help you with
this. Be sure to spread out your load
3
equally on both sides of the center-
line.
4
OLD056901C
Vehicle certification
5
The vehicle certification label is
located on the driver's door sill.
This label shows the maximum
6
allowable weight of the fully loaded
vehicle. This is called the GVWR
7
(Gross Vehicle Weight Rating). The
GVWR includes the weight of the
vehicle, all occupants, fuel and
8
cargo.
9
5 14
Driving tips
WARNING - Over loading
CAUTION
WARNING - Loose cargo
•
Never exceed the GVWR for
• Overloading your vehicle may
Items you carry inside your
cause damage. Repairs would
your vehicle, the GAWR for
vehicle can strike and injure
1
either the front or rear axle
not be covered by your war-
occupants in a sudden stop or
ranty. Do not overload your
and vehicle capacity weight.
sharp turn, or in a crash.
Exceeding these ratings can
vehicle.
2
•
Put items in the trunk of your
cause an accident or vehicle
• Using heavier suspension
vehicle. Try to spread the
damage. You can calculate the
components to get added
weight evenly.
3
weight of your load by weigh-
durability might not change
•
Never stack items, like suit-
ing the items
(or people)
your weight ratings. Ask your
cases, inside the occupant
before putting them in the
dealer to help you load your
4
compartment.
vehicle. Be careful not to over-
vehicle the right way.ignored.
load your vehicle.
•
Do not leave an unsecured
child restraint in your vehicle,
5
•
If you overload your vehicle,
The label will help you decide how
since it can injure occupants
the tires can suddenly and
much cargo and installed equipment
in a crash.
without warning fail. The over-
6
your vehicle can carry.
loading can also make your
•
When you carry something
vehicle unstable and dramati-
inside the vehicle, secure it.
cally increase braking dis-
If you carry items inside your vehicle
7
tance. This could cause you to
- like suitcases, tools, packages, or
lose control and crash.
anything else - they are moving as
8
fast as the vehicle. If you have to stop
or turn quickly, or if there is a crash,
the items will keep going and can
9
cause an injury if they strike the driv-
er or a passenger.
5 15
Driving tips
WEIGHT OF THE VEHICLE
This section will guide you in the
GAW (Gross axle weight)
GCWR (Gross combined weight
proper loading of your vehicle and/or
rating)
This is the total weight placed on
trailer, to keep your loaded vehicle
each axle (front and rear) - including
This is the maximum allowable
weight within its design rating capa-
1
vehicle curb weight and all payload.
weight of the vehicle and the loaded
bility, with or without a trailer.
trailer - including all cargo and pas-
GAWR (Gross axle weight rating)
Properly loading your vehicle will
sengers - that the vehicle can handle
2
provide maximum return of the vehi-
This is the maximum allowable
without risking damage. (Important :
cle design performance. Before load-
weight that can be carried by a single
The towing vehicle's braking system
ing your vehicle, familiarize yourself
axle (front or rear). These numbers
is rated for operation at GVWR, not
3
are shown on the vehicle certification
with the following terms for determin-
GCWR. Separate functional brakes
ing your vehicle's weight ratings, with
label.
should be used for safe control of
or without a trailer, from the vehicle's
The total load on each axle must
4
towed vehicles and for trailers weigh-
specifications and the compliance
never exceed its GAWR.
ing an 340kg (750 lbs).) The GCW
label:
GVW (Gross vehicle weight)
must never exceed the GCWR.
5
Base curb weight
This is the Base Curb Weight plus
Maximum trailer weight
This is the weight of the vehicle
actual Cargo Weight plus passen-
This is the highest possible weight of
including a full tank of fuel and all
gers.
6
a fully loaded trailer the vehicle can
standard equipment. It does not
GVWR (Gross vehicle weight rating)
tow. It assumes a vehicle with only
include passengers, cargo, or option-
This is the maximum allowable
mandatory options, no cargo, and a
7
al equipment.
weight of the fully loaded vehicle
driver. The weight of other optional
Vehicle curb weight
(including all options, equipment,
equipment, passengers and cargo in
passengers and cargo). The GVWR
your vehicle will reduce the maxi-
8
This is the weight of your new vehicle
is shown on the vehicle certification
mum trailer weight your vehicle can
when you picked it up from your deal-
label located on the driver’s door sill.
tow.
er plus any aftermarket equipment.
9
GCW (Gross combined weight)
Cargo weight
This figure includes all weight added
This is the weight of the loaded vehi-
to the Base Curb Weight, including
cle (GVW) plus the weight of the fully
cargo and optional equipment.
loaded trailer.
5 16
Driving tips
TRAILER TOWING
Calculating the load your vehicle
can tow
WARNING - Towing a
CAUTION
trailer
Pulling a trailer improperly can
1. Use the appropriate maximum
damage your vehicle and result
GCWR chart (in the Weight of the
If you don't use the correct
1
in costly repairs not covered by
Trailer section in this chapter) for
equipment or you drive improp-
your warranty.
your type of drive system and
erly, you can lose control when
2
transmission.
you pull a trailer. For example, if
the trailer is too heavy, the
2. Weigh your vehicle.
To identify what the vehicle trailering
brakes may fail, and would at
capacity is for your vehicle, you
3
3. Subtract the weight of your vehicle
least be ineffective to promptly
from the maximum GCWR in the
should read the information in
stop the vehicle. You and your
“Weight of the Trailer” that appears
chart. This is the maximum trailer
passenger could be seriously or
4
weight your vehicle can tow. It
later in this section. Remember that
fatally injured. We do not recom-
trailering is different than just driving
must be below the maximum trail-
mend towing a trailer. However,
er weight shown in the chart. Note
your vehicle by itself. Trailering caus-
in the event there is a need to
5
es major changes in handling, dura-
that the maximum trailer weight
tow a trailer, such as in an emer-
your vehicle can tow depends on
bility, and fuel economy. Successful,
gency, follow all the steps in this
the total weight of any cargo, pas-
safe trailering requires correct equip-
6
section.
sengers and available equipment
ment, and cautious driving.
in the vehicle.
7
Item
Specification
Maximum trailer
Without trailer brakes
340 (750)
8
weight
kg (lbs.)
With trailer brakes
680 (1500)
9
5 17
Driving tips
This section contains many time-
If you do decide to pull a trailer
Weight of the trailer
tested, important trailering tips and
How heavy can a trailer safely be? It
Here are some important points if
safety rules. Many of these are
you decide to pull a trailer:
should never weigh more than the
1
important for your safety and that of
maximum trailer weight with trailer
your passengers. Please read this
•
Consider using a sway control. You
brakes. But even that can be too
can ask a hitch dealer about sway
section carefully before you pull a
heavy.
2
trailer.
control.
If you feel that the trailer is adversely
•
After your odometer indicates 800
Load-pulling components such as
affecting the movement of your vehi-
km (500 miles) or more, you can
the engine, transaxle, wheel assem-
3
cle, reduce your speed, avoid
tow a trailer. For the first 800 km
blies, and tires are forced to work
uneven or winding roads, avoid
(500 miles) that you tow a trailer,
harder against the load of the added
roads with steep grades, and/or light-
don’t drive over 80 km/h (50 mph)
4
weight. The engine is required to
en your trailer load.
and don’t make starts at full throt-
operate at relatively higher speeds
tle. This helps your engine and
and under greater loads. This addi-
5
other parts of your vehicle “wear” in
tional burden generates extra heat
at the heavier loads.
which creates more wear in engine,
and a shortened engine life. The trail-
•
Always drive your vehicle at a mod-
6
er also adds considerably to wind
erate speed (less than 100 km/h
resistance, increasing the pulling
(60 mph)).
7
requirements.
•
The important considerations have
to do with weight:
8
9
5 18
Driving tips
Weight of the trailer tongue
Hitches
WARNING - Trailer bal-
The tongue load of any trailer is an
It's important to have the correct
ance
important weight to measure
hitch equipment. Crosswinds, large
because it affects the total gross
•
Never load a trailer with more
trucks going by, and rough roads are
1
vehicle weight (GVW) of your vehicle
weight in the rear than in the
a few reasons why you’ll need the
since that is the trailer weight push-
front. The front should be
right hitch. Here are some rules to
2
ing down on the hitch on your vehi-
loaded with approximately
follow:
cle. The rest of the trailer weight is
60% of the total trailer load;
• Do not attach a trailer hitch which
sitting on the trailer's wheels.
the rear should be loaded with
requires you to alter other parts on
3
approximately 40% of the total
The trailer tongue should weigh a
your vehicle.
trailer load.
maximum of 10% of the total loaded
• Never make a hole in your vehicle
trailer weight.
•
Never exceed the maximum
4
to accommodate a hitch.
After you've loaded the trailer, go to a
weight limits of the trailer or
• The bumpers on your vehicle are
Weigh Station and weigh the trailer
trailer towing equipment.
not intended for hitches. Do not
5
and then the tongue, separately, to
Improper loading can result in
attach rental hitches or other
see if the weights are proper. If they
damage to your vehicle and/or
bumper-type hitches to them. Use
aren’t, you may be able to correct
personal injury. Check weights
6
only a frame-mounted hitch that
them simply by moving some items
and loading at a commercial
does not attach to the bumper.
around in the trailer.
scale or highway patrol office
equipped with scales.
7
•
An improperly loaded trailer
can cause loss of vehicle con-
8
trol.
9
5 19
Driving tips
Safety chains
Trailer brakes
Driving with a trailer
You should always attach chains
If your trailer weighs more than the
Towing a trailer requires experience.
between your vehicle and your trail-
maximum weight for a trailer without
You must gain that experience slow-
1
er. Cross the safety chains under the
brakes, then the trailer needs its own
ly and carefully which practicing with
tongue of the trailer so that the
brakes. You must consult with a
an unloaded or lightly loaded trailer.
tongue will not drop to the road if it
knowledgeable and reputable trailer
Before setting out for the open road,
2
becomes separated from the hitch.
vendor to determine which brake
you must get to know your trailer.
Instructions about safety chains may
equipped trailer is right for your
Acquaint yourself with the feel of
needs. Be sure to read and follow the
handling and braking with the trailer.
3
be provided by the hitch manufactur-
er or by the trailer manufacturer.
instructions for the trailer brakes so
And always keep in mind that the
you’ll be able to install, adjust and
vehicle you are driving is now a good
Follow the manufacturer’s recom-
4
mendation for attaching safety
maintain them properly.
deal longer and not nearly so
responsive as your vehicle is by
chains. Always leave just enough
slack so you can turn with your trail-
itself.
5
WARNING
er. And, never allow safety chains to
Before you start, check the trailer
Do not use a trailer with its own
drag on the ground.
hitch and platform, safety chains,
brakes unless you are absolute-
6
electrical connector(s), lights, tires
ly certain that you have properly
and mirror adjustment. If the trailer
set up the brake system. This is
has electric brakes, start your vehicle
not a task for amateurs. Use an
7
and trailer moving and then apply the
experienced, competent trailer
trailer brake controller by hand to be
shop for this work.
sure the brakes are working. This lets
8
you check your electrical connection
at the same time.
9
During your trip, check occasionally
to be sure that the load is secure,
and that the lights and any trailer
brakes are still working.
5 20
Driving tips
Following distance
Backing up
Turn signals when towing a trailer
Stay at least twice as far behind the
The trailer will go in the opposite
When you tow a trailer, your vehicle
vehicle ahead as you would when
direction of the rear of your vehicle
has to have a different turn signal
driving your vehicle without a trailer.
when backing up. This is very difficult
flasher and extra wiring. The green
1
This can help you avoid situations
for an inexperienced trailer driver to
arrows on your instrument panel will
that require heavy braking and sud-
get used to. To help you avoid mis-
flash whenever you signal a turn or
2
den turns.
takes, hold the bottom of the steering
lane change. Properly connected,
wheel with one hand. Then, to move
the trailer lights will also flash to alert
the trailer to the left, just hold the
other drivers you’re about to turn,
Passing
3
steering wheel firmly and move your
change lanes, or stop.
You’ll need more passing distance
hand to the left. To move the trailer to
When towing a trailer, the green
up ahead when you’re towing a trail-
the right, move your hand to the
arrows on your instrument panel will
4
er. And, because you’re a good deal
right. Always back up slowly and, if
flash for turns even if the bulbs on
longer, you’ll need to go much farther
possible, have someone guide you.
the trailer are burned out. Thus, you
beyond the passed vehicle before
5
may think drivers behind you are
you can return to your lane.
seeing your signals when, in fact,
Making turns
they are not. It’s important to check
6
When you’re turning with a trailer,
reqularly to be sure the trailer bulbs
make wider turns than normal. Do
are still working. You must also check
this so your trailer won’t strike soft
the lights every time you disconnect
7
shoulders, curbs, road signs, trees,
and then reconnect the wires.
or other objects. Avoid jerky or sud-
den maneuvers. Signal well in
8
advance.
9
5 21
Driving tips
Do not connect a trailer lighting sys-
Driving on grades
CAUTION
tem directly to your vehicle’s lighting
Reduce speed and shift to a lower
system. Use only an approved trailer
When towing a trailer on steep
gear before you start down a long or
wiring harness.
grades especially (in excess of
1
steep downgrade. If you don’t shift
6%) pay close attention to the
Your Authorized Kia Dealer can
down, you might have to use your
engine coolant temperature
assist you in installing the wiring har-
brakes so much that they would get
2
gauge to ensure the engine
ness.
hot and no longer operate efficiently.
does not overheat. If the needle
On a long uphill grade, shift down
of the coolant temperature
3
and reduce your speed to around 70
WARNING - Trailer wiring
gauge moves across the dial
km/h (45 mph) to reduce the possi-
harness
towards “H” (HOT), pull over and
bility of engine and transaxle over-
stop as soon as it is safe to do
4
Failure to use an approved trail-
heating.
so, and allow the engine to idle
er wiring harness could result in
Operating your vehicle in D (Drive)
until it cools down. You may pro-
damage to the vehicle's electri-
5
when towing a trailer will minimize
ceed once the engine has
cal system, there by disabling
heat buildup and extend the life of
cooled sufficiently.
the brake light system resulting
your transaxle.
in an accident.
6
7
8
9
5 22
Driving tips
Parking on hills
2. If the vehicle has a manual
transaxle, place the car in neutral.
WARNING - Parking brake
Generally, if you have a trailer
attached to your vehicle, you should
If the vehicle has an automatic
It can be dangerous to get out of
not park your vehicle on a hill. People
transaxle, place the car in P
your vehicle if the parking brake
1
can be seriously or fatally injured,
(Park).
is not firmly set or if the engine
and both your vehicle and the trailer
3. Set the parking brake and shut off
is still running. In either case
can be damaged if unexpectedly roll
the vehicle.
the vehicle can move suddenly.
2
down hill.
You or others could be serious-
4. Place chocks under the trailer
ly or fatally injured.
wheels on the down hill side of the
3
WARNING - Parking on a
wheels.
hill
5. Start the vehicle, hold the brakes,
When you are ready to leave after
4
Parking your vehicle on a hill
shift to neutral, release the parking
parking on a hill
with a trailer attached could
brake and slowly release the
1. With the manual transaxle in
cause serious injury or death,
brakes until the trailer chocks
5
Neutral or automatic transaxle in P
should the trailer break loose.
absorb the load.
(Park), apply your brakes and hold
6. Reapply the brakes, reapply the
the brake pedal down while you:
6
parking brake and shift the vehicle
However, if you ever have to park
• Start your engine;
to R
(Reverse) for manual
your trailer on a hill, here’s how to do
transaxle or P (Park) for automatic
• Shift into gear; and
it:
7
transaxle.
• Release the parking brake.
1. Pull the vehicle into the parking
7. Shut off the vehicle and release
space. Turn the steering wheel in
2. Slowly remove your foot from the
the vehicle brakes but leave the
8
brake pedal.
the direction of the curb (right if
parking brake set.
headed down hill, left if headed up
3. Drive slowly forward until the trail-
hill).
er is clear of the chocks.
9
4. Stop and have someone pick up
and store the chocks.
5 23
Driving tips
Maintenance when trailer tow-
CAUTION
ing
•
Due to higher load during
Your vehicle will need service more
trailer usage, overheating
1
often when you regularly pull a trail-
might occur in hot days or
er. Important items to pay particular
during uphill driving. If the
attention to include engine oil, auto-
2
coolant gauge indicates over-
matic transaxle fluid, axle lubricant
heating, switch off the A/C and
and cooling system fluid. Brake con-
stop the vehicle in a safe area
3
dition is another important item to
to cool down the engine.
frequently check. Each item is cov-
•
When towing check transaxle
ered in this manual, and the Index
4
will help you find them quickly. If
fluid more frequently.
you’re trailering, it’s a good idea to
•
If your vehicle is not equipped
review these sections before you
with the air conditioner, you
5
start your trip.
should install a condenser fan
for engine performance when
Don’t forget to also maintain your
6
trailer and hitch. Follow the mainte-
towing a trailer.
nance schedule that accompanied
your trailer and check it periodically.
7
Preferably, conduct the check at the
start of each day’s driving. Most
importantly, all hitch nuts and bolts
8
should be tight.
9
5 24
Driving tips
LABEL INFORMATION
Frame number
VIN label
Vehicle certification label (MVSS label)
1
2
3
OLD068001
1LD6001
1LDN6002
4
VIN bar code
Vehicle identification number
The VIN is also on a plate attached
(VIN)
to the top of the dashboard. The
5
number on the plate can easily be
The vehicle identification number
seen through the windshield from
(VIN) is the number used in register-
outside.
6
ing your car and in all legal matters
pertaining to its ownership, etc.
It can be found on the floor under the
7
passenger seat. To check the num-
ber, remove the cover.
8
1LDN6003
Vehicle certification label
9
The vehicle certification label
attached on the driver’s side center
pillar gives the vehicle identification
number (VIN).
5 25
Driving tips
1
2
3
4
1LDN6001
OLD066005
Tire specification and pres-
Engine number
sure label
5
The engine number is stamped on
The tires supplied on your new vehi-
the engine block as shown in the
cle are chosen to provide the best
drawing.
6
performance for normal driving.
The tire label located on the driver's
7
side center pillar gives the tire pres-
sures recommended for your car.
8
9
5 26
Road warning / 6-2
1
In case of an emergency while driving / 6-2
Tires pressure monitoring system (TPMS) / 6-3
Overheating / 6-8
2
Emergency starting / 6-9
Electrical circuit protection / 6-12
3
Towing / 6-19
If you have a flat tire / 6-24
4
5
In case of an emergency
6
7
8
9
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