KIA Amanti (2009 year). Instruction — part 12
Driving tips
Operating precautions for catalyt-
• Avoid driving with a very low fuel level.
ic converters
If your run out of gasoline, it could
cause the engine to misfire and result
in excessive loading of the catalytic
WARNING - Fire
converter.
A hot exhaust system can ignite
• Do not operate the engine at high idle
flammable items under your vehi-
speed for extended periods (5 minutes
cle. Do not park the vehicle over or
or more).
near flammable objects, such as
• Do not modify or tamper with any part
dry grass, paper, leaves, etc.
of the engine or emission control sys-
tem. All inspections and adjustments
Your vehicle is equipped with a catalytic
must be made by a qualified techni-
converter emission control device.
cian.
Therefore, the following precautions
Failure to observe these precautions
must be observed:
could result in damage to the catalytic
converter and to your vehicle.
• Use only UNLEADED FUEL for gaso-
line engine (unleaded).
Additionally, such actions could void your
warranties.
• Do not operate the vehicle when there
are signs of engine malfunction, such
as misfire or a noticeable loss of per-
formance.
• Do not misuse or abuse the engine.
Examples of misuse are coasting with
the ignition off and descending steep
grades in gear with the ignition off.
5 4
Driving tips
BEFORE DRIVING
Before entering vehicle:
Before starting
WARNING - Driving under
• Be sure that all windows, outside mir-
• Close and lock all doors.
the influence of alcohol or
ror(s), and outside lights are clean.
• Position the seat so that all controls are
drugs
• Check the condition of the tires.
easily reached.
Drinking and driving is dangerous.
• Check under the vehicle for any sign of
• Adjust the inside and outside rearview
Drunk driving is the number one
leaks.
mirrors.
contributor to the highway death
• Be sure there are no obstacles behind
• Be sure that all lights work.
toll each year. Even a small amount
you if you intend to back up.
• Check all gauges.
of alcohol will affect your reflexes,
• Check the operation of warning lights
perceptions and judgement.
Necessary inspections
when the ignition switch is turned to
You are much more likely to have a
the ON position.
Fluid levels, such as engine oil, engine
serious accident if you drink and
coolant, brake fluid, and washer fluid
• Release the parking brake and make
drive.
should be checked on a regular basis,
sure the brake warning light goes out.
If you are drinking or taking drugs,
with the exact interval depending on the
For safe operation, be sure you are famil-
don’t drive. Do not ride with a driv-
fluid. Further details are provided in
iar with your vehicle and its equipment.
er who has been drinking or taking
Section 7, Maintenance.
drugs. Choose a designated driver
or call a cab.
Driving while under the influence of
drugs is as dangerous or more dan-
gerous than driving drunk.
5 5
Driving tips
SUGGESTIONS FOR ECONOMICAL OPERATION
Your vehicle's fuel economy depends
•
Do not use the air conditioner unnec-
• Open windows at high speeds can
mainly on your style of driving, where you
essarily.
reduce fuel economy.
drive and when you drive.
•
Slow down when driving on rough
• Fuel economy is less in crosswinds
Each of these factors affects how many
roads.
and headwinds. To help offset some of
kilometers (miles) you can get from a liter
•
For longer tire life and better fuel econ-
this loss, slow down when driving in
(gallon) of fuel. To operate your vehicle
omy, always keep the tires inflated to
these conditions.
as economically as possible, use the fol-
the recommended pressures.
lowing driving suggestions to help save
•
Maintain a safe distance from other
Keeping a vehicle in good operating con-
money in both fuel and repairs:
vehicles to avoid sudden stops. This
dition is important both for economy and
• Avoid lengthy warm-up idling. Once the
will reduce wear on brake linings and
safety. Therefore, have an authorized Kia
engine is running smoothly, begin driv-
pads. Driving in such a way will also
dealer perform scheduled inspections
ing. Remember, engine warm-up may
save fuel because extra fuel is required
and maintenance.
take a little longer on cold days.
to accelerate back to driving speed.
• Save fuel by accelerating slowly after
•
Do not carry unnecessary weight in the
stopping.
vehicle.
WARNING - Engine off dur-
• Keep the engine in tune and follow the
•
Do not rest your foot on the brake
ing motion
recommended periodic maintenance
pedal while driving. This can cause
Never turn the engine off to coast
schedule. This will increase the life of
needless wear, possible damage to the
down hills or anytime the vehicle is
all parts and lower your operating
brakes, and poor fuel economy.
in motion. The power steering and
costs.
power brakes will not function with-
•
Improper wheel alignment results in
faster tire wear and lower fuel econo-
out the engine running. Instead,
my.
downshift to an appropriate gear for
engine braking effect.
5 6
Driving tips
SPECIAL DRIVING CONDITIONS
Hazardous driving conditions
• If stalled in snow, mud, or sand, use
Rocking the vehicle
second gear. Accelerate slowly to
When hazardous driving conditions are
If it is necessary to rock the vehicle to
avoid spinning the drive wheels.
encountered such as water, snow, ice,
free it from snow, sand, or mud, first turn
mud, sand, or similar hazards, follow
• Use sand, rock salt, tire chains, or
the steering wheel right and left to clear
these suggestions:
other non-slip material under the drive
the area around your front wheels. Then,
• Drive cautiously and allow extra dis-
wheels to provide traction when stalled
shift back and forth between R (Reverse)
tance for braking.
in ice, snow, or mud.
and any forward gear in vehicles
• Avoid sudden movements in braking or
equipped with an automatic transaxle. Do
not race the engine, and spin the wheels
steering.
WARNING - Downshifting
as little as possible. If you are still stuck
• When braking, pump the brake pedal
Downshifting with an automatic
after a few tries, have the vehicle pulled
with a light up-and-down motion until
transaxle, while driving on slippery
out by a tow vehicle to avoid engine
the vehicle is stopped.
surfaces can cause an accident.
overheating and possible damage to the
The sudden change in tire speed
transaxle.
✽ NOTICE
could cause the tires to skid. Be
Do not pump the brake pedal on a vehi-
careful when downshifting on slip-
cle equipped with ABS.
pery surfaces.
5 7
Driving tips
✽ NOTICE
Driving at night
Driving in the rain
Prolonged rocking may cause engine
Because night driving presents more
Rain and wet roads can make driving
over-heating, transaxle damage or fail-
hazards than driving in the daylight, here
dangerous, especially if you’re not pre-
ure, and tire damage.
are some important tips to remember:
pared for the slick pavement. Here are a
•
Slow down and keep more distance
few things to consider when driving in the
between you and other vehicles, as it
rain:
WARNING - Spinning tires
may be more difficult to see at night,
•
A heavy rainfall will make it harder to
Do not spin the wheels, especially
especially in areas where there may
see and will increase the distance
at speeds more than 35 mph (56
not be any street lights.
needed to stop your vehicle, so slow
km/h). Spinning the wheels at high
•
Adjust your mirrors to reduce the glare
down.
speeds when the vehicle is station-
from other driver's headlights.
•
Keep your windshield wiping equip-
ary could cause a tire to overheat,
•
Keep your headlights clean and prop-
ment in good shape. Replace your
explode and injure bystanders.
windshield wiper blades when they
erly aimed on vehicles not equipped
with the automatic headlight aiming
show signs of streaking or missing
feature. Dirty or improperly aimed
areas on the windshield.
headlights will make it much more diffi-
•
If your tires are not in good condition,
cult to see at night.
making a quick stop on wet pavement
•
Avoid staring directly at the headlights
can cause a skid and possibly lead to
of oncoming vehicles. You could be
an accident. Be sure your tires are in
temporarily blinded, and it will take
good shape.
several seconds for your eyes to read-
•
Turn on your headlights to make it eas-
just to the darkness.
ier for others to see you.
5 8
Driving tips
•
Driving too fast through large puddles
Winter driving
•
Use antifreeze-formulated windshield
can affect your brakes. If you must go
washer fluid.
(Do not use engine
•
We recommend that you carry emer-
through puddles, try to drive through
coolant antifreeze.)
gency equipment, including tire chains,
them slowly.
•
Do not use the parking brake if it might
a window scraper, windshield de-icer,
•
If you believe you may have gotten
a bag of sand or salt, flares, a small
freeze. When parking, shift to P (Park)
your brakes wet, apply them lightly
shovel and jumper cables.
with an automatic transaxle and block
while driving until normal braking oper-
the rear wheels.
•
Make sure you have sufficient ethyl-
ation returns.
ene-glycol coolant in the radiator.
•
Check the battery condition and
cables. Cold temperatures reduce the
capacity of any battery, so it must be in
excellent condition to provide enough
winter starting power.
•
Make sure the engine oil viscosity is
suitable for cold weather.
•
Check the ignition system for loose
connections and damage.
5 9
Driving tips
Snow tires
Damage to your vehicle caused by
If you mount snow tires on your Kia,
improper snow chain use is not covered
make sure they are radial tires of the
by your vehicle manufacturers warranty.
same size and load range as the original
Install them only on the front tires.
tires. Mount snow tires on all four wheels
to balance your vehicle’s handling in all
weather conditions. Keep in mind that the
traction provided by snow tires on dry
roads may not be as high as your vehi-
cle's original equipment tires. You should
drive cautiously even when the roads are
1GHN2135
clear. Check with the tire dealer for max-
imum speed recommendations.
Tire chains
Do not install studded tires without first
Since the sidewalls of radial tires are thin-
checking local, state and municipal regu-
ner, they can be damaged by mounting
lations for possible restrictions against
some types of snow chains on them.
their use.
Therefore, the use of snow tires is recom-
mended instead of snow chains. Do not
mount tire chains on vehicles equipped
WARNING - Snow tire size
with aluminum wheels, snow chains may
Snow tires should be equivalent in
cause damage to the wheels. If snow
size and type to the vehicle's stan-
chains must be used, use wire-type
dard tires. Otherwise, the safety and
chains with a thickness of less than 0.47
handling of your vehicle may be
(12 mm) for tire treads and sidewall. Do
adversely affected.
not fully turn the steering wheel (turning
the steering wheel one way to the end)
with your snow chains installed. In case,
you fully turn your steering wheel, you
must drive at the speed less than 10km/h.
5 10
Driving tips
Chain installation
CAUTION
When installing chains, follow the manu-
WARNING - Tire chains
•
Make sure the snow chains are
facturer's instructions and mount them as
•
The use of chains may adversely
the correct size and type for your
tightly as you can. Drive slowly with
affect vehicle handling.
tires. Incorrect snow chains can
chains installed. If you hear the chains
•
Do not exceed 20 mph (30 km/h)
cause damage to the vehicle body
contacting the body or chassis, stop and
or the chain manufacturer’s rec-
and suspension and may not be
tighten them. If they still make contact,
ommended speed limit, whichev-
covered by your vehicle manufac-
slow down until it stops. Remove the
er is lower.
turer warranty. Also, the snow
chains as soon as you begin driving on
•
Drive carefully and avoid bumps,
chain connecting hooks may be
cleared roads.
holes, sharp turns, and other road
damaged from contacting vehicle
hazards, which may cause the
components causing the snow
vehicle to bounce.
chains to come loose from the
WARNING
•
Avoid sharp turns or locked-
tire. Make sure the snow chains
When mounting snow chains, park
wheel braking.
are SAE class “S” certified. Cable-
the vehicle on level ground away
•
Chains that are the wrong size or
type, or plastic-type snow chain
from traffic. Turn on the vehicle
can also be used.
improperly installed can damage
Hazard Warning flashers and place
your vehicle's brake lines, sus-
•
Always check chain installation
a triangular emergency warning
pension, body and wheels.
for proper mounting after driving
device behind the vehicle if avail-
approximately
0.5 to
1 km to
able. Always place the vehicle in
•
Stop driving and retighten the
ensure safe mounting. Retighten
park (P), apply the parking brake
chains any time you hear them
or remount the chains if they are
and turn off the engine before
hitting the vehicle.
loose.
installing snow chains.
5 11
Driving tips
Driving in flooded areas
HLA (Hydraulic Lash Adjuster)
If the temporary sound occurs when
noise
starting a cold engine:
Avoid driving through flooded areas
This is a normal condition. This sound
unless you are sure the water is no high-
The engine HLA's keep the gap between
er than the bottom of the wheel hub.
the valve and cam at zero regardless of
will disappear after the engine oil has
Drive through any water slowly. Allow
the valve expansion.
reached normal operating pressure.
adequate stopping distance because
Occasionally, you may hear a temporary
brake performance may be affected.
or continuous sound (clatter) from the
If the sound occurs when starting the
After driving through water, dry the
engine when starting or idling. This noise
engine after the engine has not been oper-
brakes by gently applying them several
will usually go away by following a few
ated for more than 48 hours; or engine
times while the vehicle is moving slowly.
simple steps:
has been cranked excessively:
This condition may be caused by oil
draining from the HLA's. This allows air to
CAUTION
enter the HLA causing insufficient lubri-
Do not run the engine at more than
cating oil in the HLA. This will usually dis-
3000 rpm until the noise goes away.
appear within 15 minutes with the engine
Damage to the HLA's could occur.
running at 2000~3000 rpm. If the sound
does not disappear, have the engine oil
pressure, engine lubrication system and
HLA's inspected by an Authorized Kia
Dealer.
5 12
Driving tips
VEHICLE LOAD LIMIT
Type A
Type C
Vehicle capacity weight:
860 lbs (390 kg)
Vehicle capacity weight is the maxi-
mum combined weight of occupants
390
860
390
860
and cargo. If your vehicle is equipped
390
860
390
860
with a trailer, the combined weight
P235/55R17
P225/60R16
includes the tongue load.
P235/55R17
P225/60R16
P235/55R17
P235/55R17
Seating capacity:
OGH056900N
OGH056912N
Total : 5 persons
Type B
Type D
(Front seat : 2 persons,
Rear seat : 3 persons)
Seating capacity is the maximum
number of occupants including a
390
860
390
860
driver, your vehicle may carry.
390
860
390
860
However the seating capacity may
P235/55R17
210kPa, 30psi
P225/60R16
210kPa, 30psi
be reduced based upon the weight of
P235/55R17
210kPa, 30psi
P225/60R16
210kPa, 30psi
T125/80D16
420kPa, 60psi
T125/80D16
420kPa, 60psi
all of the occupants, and the weight
of the cargo being carried or towed.
OGH056910N
OGH056913N
Do not overload the vehicle as there
is a limit to the total weight, or load
Tire and loading information label
limit including occupants and cargo,
The label located on the driver's door sill gives the original tire size, cold tire
the vehicle can carry.
pressures recommended for your vehicle, the number of people that can be
in your vehicle and vehicle capacity weight.
5 13
Driving tips
Towing capacity:
Steps for determining correct
5. Determine the combined weight of
load limit
luggage and cargo being loaded
Without trailer brakes:
on the vehicle. That weight may
1000 lbs (454 kg)
1. Locate the statement "The com-
not safely exceed the available
With trailer brakes:
bined weight of occupants and
cargo and luggage load capacity
cargo should never exceed XXX
2000 lbs (908 kg)
calculated in Step 4.
kg or XXX lbs.'' on your vehicle's
Towing capacity is the maximum
placard.
6. If your vehicle will be towing a trail-
trailer weight including its cargo
2. Determine the combined weight of
er, load from your trailer will be
weight, your vehicle can tow.
transferred to your vehicle. Consult
the driver and passengers that will
be riding in your vehicle.
this manual to determine how this
Cargo capacity:
reduces the available cargo and
3. Subtract the combined weight of
The cargo capacity of your vehicle
luggage load capacity of your
the driver and passengers from
will increase or decrease depending
vehicle.
XXX kg or XXX lbs.
on the weight and the number of
occupants and the tongue load, if
4. The resulting figure equals the
your vehicle is equipped with a trail-
available amount of cargo and lug-
er.
gage load capacity. For example, if
the "XXX" amount equals 1400
lbs. (635 kg), and there will be five
150 lbs. (68 kg) passengers in
your vehicle, the amount of avail-
able cargo and luggage load
capacity is 650 lbs. (295 kg).
(1400-750 (5 x 150) = 650 lbs. or
635-340 (5 x 68) = 295 kg)
5 14
Driving tips
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
C190F01JM
C190F02JM
C190F03JM
Item
Description
Total
Item
Description
Total
Item
Description
Total
Vehicle Capacity
1400 lbs
Vehicle Capacity
1400 lbs
Vehicle Capacity
1400 lbs
A
A
A
Weight
(635 kg)
Weight
(635 kg)
Weight
(635 kg)
Subtract Occupant
Subtract Occupant
Subtract Occupant
300 lbs
750 lbs
860 lbs
B
Weight
B
Weight
B
Weight
(136 kg)
(340 kg)
(390 kg)
150 lbs (68 kg) × 2
150 lbs (68 kg) × 5
172 lbs (78 kg) × 5
Available Cargo and
1100 lbs
Available Cargo and
650 lbs
Available Cargo and
540 lbs
C
C
C
Luggage weight
(499 kg)
Luggage weight
(295 kg)
Luggage weight
(245 kg)
Refer to your vehicle's tire and loading information label for specific information about your vehicle's capacity weight
and seating positions. The combined weight of the driver, passengers and cargo should never exceed your vehicle's
capacity weight.
5 15
Driving tips
To find out the actual loads on your
(Continued)
front and rear axles, you need to go
to a weigh station and weigh your
If you do, parts, including tires
on your vehicle can break, and
vehicle.Your dealer can help you with
this. Be sure to spread out your load
it can change the way your
vehicle handles and braking
equally on both sides of the center-
line.
ability. This could cause you to
lose control and crash. Also,
overloading can shorten the
WARNING - Over loading
life of your vehicle.
•
Never exceed the GVWR for
your vehicle, the GAWR for
1JBN5901
either the front or rear axle
✽ NOTICE
Compliance label
and vehicle capacity weight.
• Overloading your vehicle may
The compliance label is located on
Exceeding these ratings can
cause damage. Repairs would not
the driver's door sill.
cause an accident or vehicle
be covered by your warranty. Do
damage. You can calculate the
This label shows the maximum
not overload your vehicle.
weight of your load by weigh-
• Using heavier suspension compo-
allowable weight of the fully loaded
ing the items
(or people)
vehicle. This is called the GVWR
nents to get added durability
before putting them in the
might not change your weight rat-
(Gross Vehicle Weight Rating). The
vehicle. Be careful not to over-
GVWR includes the weight of the
ings. Ask your dealer to help you
load your vehicle.
load your vehicle the right way.
vehicle, all occupants, fuel and
cargo.
•
Do not load your vehicle any
heavier than the GVWR, either
The label will help you decide how
This label also tells you the maxi-
the maximum front or rear
much cargo and installed equipment
mum weight that can be supported
GAWR and vehicle capacity
your vehicle can carry.
by the front and rear axles, called
weight.
Gross Axle Weight Rating (GAWR).
(Continued)
5 16
Driving tips
WEIGHT OF THE VEHICLE
If you carry items inside your vehicle
This section will guide you in the
GAW (Gross axle weight)
- like suitcases, tools, packages, or
proper loading of your vehicle and/or
This is the total weight placed on
anything else - they are moving as
trailer, to keep your loaded vehicle
each axle (front and rear) - including
fast as the vehicle. If you have to stop
weight within its design rating capa-
vehicle curb weight and all payload.
or turn quickly, or if there is a crash,
bility, with or without a trailer.
GAWR (Gross axle weight rating)
the items will keep going and can
Properly loading your vehicle will
cause an injury if they strike the driv-
provide maximum return of the vehi-
This is the maximum allowable
er or a passenger.
cle design performance. Before load-
weight that can be carried by a single
ing your vehicle, familiarize yourself
axle (front or rear). These numbers
with the following terms for determin-
are shown on the compliance label.
WARNING - Loose cargo
The total load on each axle must
ing your vehicle's weight ratings, with
Items you carry inside your
never exceed its GAWR.
or without a trailer, from the vehicle's
vehicle can strike and injure
specifications and the compliance
GVW (Gross vehicle weight)
occupants in a sudden stop or
label:
This is the Base Curb Weight plus
turn, or in a crash.
Base curb weight
actual Cargo Weight plus passen-
• Put items in the cargo area of
This is the weight of the vehicle
gers.
your vehicle. Try to spread the
including a full tank of fuel and all
GVWR (Gross vehicle weight rating)
weight evenly.
standard equipment. It does not
This is the maximum allowable
• Never stack items, like suit-
include passengers, cargo, or option-
weight of the fully loaded vehicle
cases, inside the vehicle
al equipment.
(including all options, equipment,
above the tops of the seats.
Vehicle curb weight
passengers and cargo). The GVWR
• Do not leave an unsecured
This is the weight of your new vehicle
is shown on the compliance label
child restraint in your vehicle.
when you picked it up from your deal-
located on the driver’s door sill.
• When you carry something
er plus any aftermarket equipment.
inside the vehicle, secure it.
Cargo weight
• Do not drive with a seat folded
This figure includes all weight added
down unless necessary.
to the Base Curb Weight, including
cargo and optional equipment.
5 17
Driving tips
TRAILER TOWING
Item
Specification
WARNING - Towing a trail-
er
Maximum trailer
Without trailer brakes
1000 (454)
If you don't use the correct equip-
weight
lbs. (kg)
With trailer brakes
2000 (908)
ment and drive properly, you can
lose control when you pull a trailer.
✽ NOTICE
Your vehicle can tow a trailer. To identify
For example, if the trailer is too
what the vehicle trailering capacity is for
heavy, the brakes may not work well
Pulling a trailer improperly can damage
your vehicle, you should read the infor-
- or even at all. You and your pas-
your vehicle and result in costly repairs
mation in
“Weight of the Trailer” that
sengers could be seriously or fatal-
not covered by your warranty. To pull a
appears later in this section. Remember
ly injured. Pull a trailer only if you
trailer correctly, follow the advice in this
that trailering is different than just driving
have followed all the steps in this
section.
your vehicle by itself. Trailering means
section.
changes in handling, durability, and fuel
economy. Successful, safe trailering
requires correct equipment, and it has to
be used properly.
This section contains many time-tested,
important trailering tips and safety rules.
Many of these are important for your
safety and that of your passengers.
Please read this section carefully before
you pull a trailer.
5 18
Driving tips
Load-pulling components such as the
If you do decide to pull a trailer
Weight of the trailer
engine, transaxle, wheel assemblies, and
How heavy can a trailer safely be? It
Here are some important points if you
tires are forced to work harder against
should never weigh more than 2000 lbs.
decide to pull a trailer:
the load of the added weight. The engine
(908 kg) with trailer brakes. But even that
• Consider using a sway control. You can
is required to operate at relatively higher
can be too heavy.
ask a hitch dealer about sway control.
speeds and under greater loads. This
It depends on how you plan to use your
• After your odometer indicates
500
additional burden generates extra heat.
trailer. For example, speed, altitude, road
miles (800 km) or more, you can tow a
The trailer also adds considerably to
grades, outside temperature and how
trailer. For the first 500 miles (800 km)
wind resistance, increasing the pulling
much your vehicle is used to pull a trailer
that you tow a trailer, don’t drive over
requirements.
are all important. The ideal trailer weight
50 mph (80 km/h) and don’t make
can also depend on any special equip-
starts at full throttle. This helps your
ment that you have on your vehicle.
engine and other parts of your vehicle
“wear” in at the heavier loads.
• Always drive your vehicle at a moder-
ate speed (Less than 100 km/h).
• The important considerations have to
do with weight:
5 19
Driving tips
Weight of the trailer tongue
Hitches
The tongue load of any trailer is an
WARNING
It's important to have the correct hitch
important weight to measure because it
•
Never load a trailer with more
equipment. Crosswinds, large trucks
affects the total gross vehicle weight
weight in the rear than in the
going by, and rough roads are a few rea-
(GVW) of your vehicle. This weight
front. The front should be loaded
sons why you’ll need the right hitch. Here
includes the curb weight of the vehicle,
with approximately
60% of the
are some rules to follow:
any cargo you may carry in it, and the
total trailer load; the rear should
• Will you have to make any holes in the
people who will be riding in the vehicle.
be loaded with approximately
body of your vehicle when you install a
And if you will tow a trailer, you must add
40% of the total trailer load.
trailer hitch? If you do, then be sure to
the tongue load to the GVW because
•
Never exceed the maximum
seal the holes later when you remove
your vehicle will also be carrying that
weight limits of the trailer or trail-
the hitch.
weight.
er towing equipment. Improper
If you don’t seal them, deadly carbon
After you've loaded your trailer, weigh the
loading can result in damage to
monoxide (CO) from your exhaust can
trailer and then the tongue, separately, to
your vehicle and/or personal
get into your vehicle, as well as dirt and
see if the weights are proper. If they
injury. Check weights and loading
water.
aren’t, you may be able to correct them
at a commercial scale or highway
• The bumpers on your vehicle are not
simply by moving some items around in
patrol office equipped with
intended for hitches. Do not attach
the trailer.
scales.
rental hitches or other bumper-type
•
An improperly loaded trailer can
hitches to them. Use only a frame-
cause loss of vehicle control.
mounted hitch that does not attach to
the bumper.
5 20
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