Great Wall Florid. Manual — part 23

GWFLORID Maintenance Manual

90

Vehicle road test methods

1. Drive the vehicle and find out if the swaying is coming from the front tires or the back tires. Then replace the

identified problem tire with a good tire (one that has been tested on the same model of vehicle).

2. If unable to determine the problem tire, replace the rear wheels. Continue with the road test. If the driving

condition obviously changes, replace the original tires, and only switch one at a time until the problem tire is

identified.

3. If no obvious improvement, replace all four tires with good tires, and then replace the original tires one by

one following the steps mentioned above.

Tire's abnormal wear and tear

Tire's abnormal wear and tear includes uneven and excessive

wear of the tire. There are many causes for this. For

example, improper tire pressure, tire rotation has not been

timely maintained, bad driving habits, abnormal front wheel

location, etc.

Change the tires when the below situations happen:

1. When the extents of wear and tear of the front and rear

tires are different.

2. When any of the tire's tread has uneven wear and tear.

3. When the extents of the wear and tear of the left and right

front tires are different.

4. When the extents of wear and tear of the left and right rear

wheels are different.

5. When the groove of the tire tread wear appears abnormal

and the tire's contact area starts to flatten.

Inspect the front wheel alignment when the following

situations occur:

1. When the extents of the wear and tear of the left and right

front tires are different.

2. When any of the tire's tread has uneven wear and tear.

3. When the tread pattern strip or pattern block of a front

tire's single side is badly worn.

[A]

[B]

[A]: Steering problems, air pressure not sufficient, or

tire rotation has not been timely maintained.

[B]: Abnormal front wheel alignment, tire or wheel

structure is not the same.

Radial tire sway

Here the sway means the vehicle's front or rear part shakes

from side to side, together or individually. Tire sway is

caused by the steel wire belt inside the tire not being straight.

The sway is the most obvious when the vehicle runs at the

speed of 8-48 km/h.

Road tests can help finding malfunctioning tires. If the

malfunction is with the rear tires, then left and right shaking

or "swaying" would take place at the back of the vehicle.

Here the driver of the vehicle would feel as if someone were

pushing from one side of the vehicle.

If the malfunction is with the front tires, swaying would be

even more obvious. The metal plate in the front may seem

moving back and forth, and the driver feels as if he/she were

at the vehicle's center of rotation.

Wear marks

There are several tread wear marks (refer to location A in the

diagram shown on the left) inside of the tire's pattern groove.

These marks indicate that the tire has been worn to the point

of replacing.

Before the tire's usage limit, indicated by the remaining

pattern's depth, reaches 1.6 mm (and its main pattern groove

bottom protrudes to the same level), for your safety, please

replace the tire.

When serious eccentric wear leads to the partial protrusion

of the cord fabric level, or outside objects damage the tire to

a depth that reaches the cord fabric level or steel band level,

stop using the tire.

A

91

Suspension System

Deviation judging methods

"Deviation" means that, when no one is in control of the steering, the vehicle does not move in a straight line

while driving on a straight and leveled surface.

Deviation causes:

• Incorrect tire and front wheel alignment,

• Braking force is not even,

• Tire structure problems.

Tire production and manufacturing methods can also lead to vehicle deviation. For example, the arrangement of

the tires inner steel wire belt. A steel wire belt which is inside the radial tire deviating from the tires centerline

can create lateral force when the tires are rolling in a straight line. If one of the tire's diameter is larger than the

other, the tire will tend to roll to that side, this also creates lateral force (a tapering effect) leading to vehicle

deviation. When the front wheel alignment is found to be correct and in proper order, the above process is also

applicable in judging tire deviation. Rear tires cannot cause deviation.

After solving, if working,

switch the tires again

Return the tires to their

initial positions and inspect

the front wheel alignment

After solving,

switch the tires again

Tire rotation

For equal wear or tear for the tires, please rotate the tire

positions timely. Swapping principle shown on the left.

Radial tires should be regularly switched, and add pressure

according to the regulations.

Caution:

Due to structural reasons, radial tires usually quickly

receive most of its wear on the shoulders, especially

the front tires. Do a tire rotation per 8000-12000 km,

and the tire life can increase by 20%. This makes

regular tire rotation especially useful.

Test by driving back and forth

on a straight and leveled road

Tends to lean

in the same

direction

If the problem is not yet

solved, it means the "good

tire" is in fact not good

If the problem is not

yet solved, replace the

other side's front tire

with a "good tire"

Replace one of the

front side tires with

a "good tire"

Tends to

lean in the

other direction

Front

Rear

Adjust the tire pressure to

the recommended level

After swapping the right and left front

tires, perform the above test again

After solving,

switch the tires again

GWFLORID Maintenance Manual

92

Wheel

General tire balancing procedures

Clean out the accumulated dirt and debris from the inside of the rim.

Warning:

The gravel on the tread must be eliminated to avoid flying out and injuring the operator when

undergoing rotational balancing. This is also a good way to acquire better balance. First thoroughly

inspect the tire's damaged condition, then according to the balancing device manufacture's

recommendations, carry out the balancing operation.

Off-vehicle balancing

Most off-vehicle balancers are more accurate and convenient than on-vehicle rotational balancers. They are

also able to perform dynamic (two sided) balancing. Although it does not correct drum brake and brake disc

imbalance like on-vehicle balancing, it achieves the same effect based on its accuracy.

On-vehicle balancing

On-vehicle balancing is different based on equipment and tool manufacturer. Therefore, when performing

balancing operations, be sure to comply to each manufacturer's operating instructions.

Warning: Control the wheel rotation speed to make sure the speedometer stays within 55 km/h.

This restriction is necessary because when a driven wheel slides while the other one stays still, the

speedometer will display only half of the actual wheel speed. When a wheel is sliding, be extremely

careful, because sliding wheels can reach very high speeds. This may lead to the tire rubber peeling

or differential damage, which may cause serious personal injury, or damage to the vehicle.

Tire installation and removal

• Install or remove tires with a tire changer. When operating machinery, make sure to comply to the machine

manufacturers operation manual. Please do not change tires merely with manual hand tools or tire installation
crowbars. This will damage the tire chafer or the vehicle wheel's rim.

• Use a wire brush or coarse steel wool to clean off grease and old rubber, as well as light rust or corrosion from

the rim tire bead's tire chafer seat. Before tire installation or removal, first use the indicated tire lubricant to
thoroughly lube the tire chafer portions one time.

• After installing the tire, inflate it to the specified pressure and make sure the tire bead is properly seated.

Warning: Do not over-inflate the tire. If the tire bead severally expands and exceeds the safety limit,
it may burst and cause serious personal injury. While inflating, do not exceed the specified pressure.
If the specified pressure does not allow the tire bead to sit properly, deflate the tire, re-lubricate, and
then re-inflate.

Spare tire usage

• Spare tire standard inflation pressure: 420 kPa.
• Spare tire pressure measurements should be taken under normal temperature conditions.
• After inflating the spare tire, soapy water should be used to check if the air nozzles core is leaking air, then

lock on the air nozzle cap.

• The spare tire should always be kept in a useable state. Check the air pressure at least once a month.
• When the spare tire's working limit, indicated by the remaining pattern's depth, reaches 1.6 mm (and its pat-

tern groove bottom protrudes to the same level), for your safety, please stop using the spare tire.

Caution:

• The " " symbol on the tire bead of the spare tire in-

dicates the set position of the wear index (shown on

the left).

• The spare tire's maximum driven speed is 80 km/h,

and maximum distance 200 km per trip.

• Each vehicle is allowed to use only one spare tire.

• The spare tire is only used as a temporary backup.

Please go to a professional service station immediately

to get the initial tire repaired or replaced.

93

Suspension System

Dynamic balance and static balance

There are two types of wheel balance: static and dynamic.

Picture 1 shows static balance. Picture 2 shows dynamic

balance.

Static balance means that the weight distribution around the

wheel is equal. If the wheel is static and unbalanced, violent

vibrations may be created, called jump vibration.This kind

of situation can ultimately lead to the uneven wear and tear

of the tires. Shown in diagram 1.

Dynamic balance means that the weight distribution on the

two sides of the medium plane of the wheel is equal, so

during the rotation process, the tire assembly cannot create a

tendency for the medium plane of the wheel to shift from one

side to the other. If the wheel is dynamic and unbalanced, it

can create a shimmying effect. Shown in diagram 2.

1. Wheel shimmy important points

[C]: Counterweight not yet added

2. Locations to add counterweight

[D]: Counterweight added

3. Axis

Wheel maintenance

Do not use welding, heating, or hammering to repair wheels. All damaged wheels must be replaced.

If the vehicle's wheel is twisted or deformed, sunken or depressed, having too much horizontal or radial hop,

leaking air from the welded parts, stretched out at the bolt holes , having flimsy nut bolt lock, or severely rusty,

the wheel must be replaced. When the wheel is hopping too much, it will lead to undesirable vibrations.

When replacing the tire, be sure that the load capacity, diameter, rim width, offset distance, and the installation

structure of it, are equal to the settings of original wheel. If the wheel dimensions are not appropriate, this will

influence the wheel and bearing's life, brake cooling effect, speedometer and odometer calibration, vehicle

ground clearance, as well as the clearance between the tire and the vehicle body, and the tire and vehicle chassis.

Wheel (steel wheel) removal

1. Remove the wheelhouse and loosen the nuts, 1-2 turns is

enough.

2. Hoist the vehicle.

3. Screw off the nuts and remove the wheel.

Nut tightening torque: 110±10 N·m

Caution: Heating methods absolutely must not be used

to loosen tightened wheels, otherwise the heat will

reduce its use life and damage the hub bearing.

Wheel (steel wheel) installation

Installation according to the reversed instructions used for

removal, and pay attention to the following requirements:

Wheel nuts must be tightened in proper order and according to

the specified torque, as to avoid wheel or brake disc deformity.

When installing the wheel house, be sure to line up the wheel

housing notch locations with the inflation nozzle.

Tightening sequence: A – C – B – D

Caution: Before installing the wheel, first clean off the

corrosion on the wheel's mounting surface and drum

brake or brake disc's installation surface with a wire

brush, in order to make the wheel installing easier by

making the space between its metal firmly connect

to the mounting surface, otherwise it may lead to the

wheel nuts loosening to the extent that the vehicle's

wheel may come off while driving some day.

1

3

2

[A]

[B]

1. Wheel hop important points

[A]: Counterweight not yet added

2. Locations to add counterweight

[B]: Counterweight added

3. Axis

Diagram 1

Diagram 2

[C]

[D]

1

3

2

A

B

C

D