Mazda Training manual — part 255

7 – GLOSSARY

105

Piston Engine Fundamentals

TC010-05-01S

valve adjustment

— the process of

setting the valve clearance to proper
specifications; valves can be manually or
hydraulically adjusted.

valve clearance

— the small gap between

the end of the valve stem and the rocker
arm; also called lash.

valve face

— the tapered surface of the

valve head that seals against the valve
seat in the cylinder head.

valve guide

— a hollow insert or passage

in the cylinder head that holds the valve
stem.

valve head

— the larger end of the valve

that seals the valve port.

valve lash

— See valve clearance.

valve port

— a passage controlled by a

valve that lets the air-fuel mixture into the
cylinders through the intake port; lets
exhaust gases out through the exhaust
port after the mixture has burned.

valve seal

— seals the valve stem in the

valve guide, preventing oil from entering
the combustion chamber.

valve seat

— the surface on the cylinder

head where the valve head closes to seal
the valve port.

valve spring

— holds the valve closed

when the cam lobe is not pressing it open.

valve stem

— the long, narrow part of the

valve above the valve head.

valve train

— the engine components that

open and close the intake and exhaust
valves so that the four-stroke cycle is
timed properly.

vibration damper — controls torsional
vibration of the crankshaft; mounted on the
front end of the crankshaft, often as part of the
pulley; also called a torsional damper or
harmonic balancer.

viscous drive clutch

— a type of radiator

fan clutch controlled by a thermostat and
fluid coupling; a viscous drive clutch allows
the fan to turn slow at low temperatures
and fast at high temperatures.

water pump

— provides the “push” to

circulate coolant throughout the cooling
system.

working height

— the length of an

installed valve spring between the retainer
and the spring pad on the cylinder head
when the valve is fully closed.

wrist pin

— See piston pin.

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Air Conditioning Fundamentals

TC070-05-01S

CONTENTS

page i

1 –INTRODUCTION
Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 1

Audience and Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1
Content and Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

How to Use This Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Section Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Text and Illustrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5
Review Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5

2 – WHAT IS AIR CONDITIONING?
Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Basic Principle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 6
Components Enhancing Comfort . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 7

Heater. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Air Conditioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Fan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Vent louvers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 7

Air Conditioning Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 8
Review Exercise 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

3 –A/C TERMS AND CONDITIONS
Objective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 10
Introduction To Air Conditioning Terms. . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Reducing the Size of the Container . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Adding Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 11
Heating the Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 11
Effects of Pressure on Boiling Points . . . . . . . . . . ... 11

Heat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 12

Measuring the Properties of Heat . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Latent Heat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 13

Humidity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 13

Humidity as a Percent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 14
High Humidity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 14

Review Exercise 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 15