Lincoln Aviator (2023 year). Manual in english — page 17

Make sure you allow sufficient distance
between you and other vehicles for stopping.
Drive slower than usual and consider using
one of the lower gears. In emergency
stopping situations, apply the brake steadily.
Since your vehicle is equipped with a four
wheel (ABS), do not “pump” the brakes. See

Hints on Driving With Anti-Lock Brakes

(page 272).

Maintenance and Modifications

The suspension and steering systems on
your vehicle have been designed and tested
to provide predictable performance whether
loaded or empty and durable load carrying
capability. For this reason, we strongly
recommend that you do not make
modifications such as adding or removing
parts (such as lowering kits or stabilizer bars)
or by using replacement parts not equivalent
to the original factory equipment.

Any modifications to a vehicle that raise the
center of gravity can make it more likely the
vehicle will rollover as a result of a loss of
control. We strongly recommend that caution
be used with any vehicle equipped with a
high load or device (such as ladder or
luggage racks).

Failure to maintain your vehicle properly
could void the warranty, increase your repair
cost, reduce vehicle performance and
operational capabilities and adversely affect
driver and passenger safety. Frequent
inspection of vehicle chassis components is
recommended if the vehicle is subjected to
off-highway usage.

270

All-Wheel Drive

(If Equipped)

GENERAL INFORMATION

Note:

Occasional brake noise is normal. If

a metal-to-metal, continuous grinding or
continuous squeal sound is present, the
brake linings may be worn. Have your
vehicle checked. If your vehicle has
continuous vibration or shudder in the
steering wheel when braking, have your
vehicle checked.

Note:

Brake dust may accumulate on the

wheels, even under normal driving
conditions. Some dust is inevitable as the
brakes wear and does not contribute to
brake noise. Wet brakes result in reduced
braking efficiency. Gently press the brake
pedal a few times when driving from a car
wash or standing water to dry the brakes.

See

Cleaning the Wheels

(page 427).

Brake Over Accelerator

In the event the accelerator pedal becomes
stuck or entrapped, apply steady and firm
pressure to the brake pedal to slow the
vehicle and reduce engine power. If you
experience this condition, apply the brakes
and bring your vehicle to a safe stop. Move
the transmission to park (P), switch the
engine off and apply the parking brake.
Inspect the accelerator pedal for any
interference. If none are found and the
condition persists, have your vehicle
checked. If your vehicle has to be towed,
we recommend that you contact a
professional towing service.

Emergency Brake Assist

Emergency brake assist detects when you
brake heavily by measuring the rate at which
you press the brake pedal. It provides
maximum braking efficiency as long as you
press the pedal. Emergency brake assist
can reduce stopping distances in critical
situations.

Note:

Depending on applicable laws and

regulations in the country for which your
vehicle was originally built, your brake lamps
may flash during heavy braking. Following
this, your hazard lights may also flash when
your vehicle comes to a stop.

Anti-lock Brake System

This system helps you maintain steering
control during emergency stops by keeping
the brakes from locking.

This lamp illuminates momentarily
when you switch the ignition on to
confirm the lamp is functional.

If the warning lamp does not illuminate
during start up, remains on or flashes, the
system may be disabled. Have the system
checked. If the anti-lock brake system is
disabled, normal braking is still operational.

See

Warning Lamps and Indicators

(page

131).

Note:

Indicators vary depending on region.

271

Brakes

E270480

This lamp illuminates momentarily
when you switch the ignition on to
confirm the lamp is functional. If it
does not illuminate when you
switch the ignition on, or if it begins
to flash at any time except the time

during applying or releasing the parking
brake, have the system checked.

HINTS ON DRIVING WITH ANTI-
LOCK BRAKES

The anti-lock brake system does not
eliminate the risks when:

•

You drive too closely to the vehicle in
front of you.

•

Your vehicle is hydroplaning.

•

You take corners too fast.

•

The road surface is poor.

Note:

If the system activates, the brake

pedal could pulse and may travel further.
Maintain pressure on the brake pedal. You
may also hear a noise from the system. This
is normal.

ELECTRIC PARKING BRAKE

WARNING:

Apply the parking brake

and shift into park (P) before leaving your
vehicle.

WARNING:

If you drive extended

distances with the parking brake applied,
you could cause damage to the brake
system.

WARNING:

The electric parking

brake does not operate if the vehicle
battery has run out of charge.

Your vehicle has an electric parking brake.
You operate it with a switch instead of a
lever. The switch is on the center console or
to the left-hand side of the steering wheel,
on the lower part of the instrument panel.

Note:

The electric parking brake makes

noises during operation. This is normal.

Applying the Electric Parking Brake

E267156

Pull the switch up.

E270480

The red warning lamp flashes
during operation and illuminates
when the parking brake is applied.

Note:

It remains illuminated for a short

period of time after you switch the ignition
off.

If it continues to flash or does not illuminate,
the system has malfunctioned. Have your
vehicle checked as soon as possible.

Note:

You can apply the electric parking

brake when the ignition is off.

Note:

If you shift your vehicle into park (P)

on a slope and the transmission cannot
securely hold the vehicle, the electric parking
brake automatically applies. See

Transmission

(page 259).

272

Brakes

Applying the Electric Parking Brake in an
Emergency

Note:

Do not apply the electric parking brake

when your vehicle is moving, except in an
emergency. If you repeatedly use the electric
parking brake to slow or stop your vehicle,
you could cause damage to the brake
system.

You can use the electric parking brake to
slow or stop your vehicle in an emergency.

E267156

Pull the switch up and hold it.

E270480

The red warning lamp illuminates,
a tone sounds and the stoplamps
turn on.

The electric parking brake continues to slow
your vehicle down unless you release the
switch.

Manually Releasing the Electric Parking
Brake

Switch the ignition on.

Press and hold the brake pedal.

E267156

Push the switch down.

E270480

The red warning lamp turns off.

If it remains illuminated or flashes, the system
has malfunctioned. Have your vehicle
checked as soon as possible.

Pulling Away on a Hill When Towing a
Trailer

Press and hold the brake pedal.

E267156

Pull the switch up and hold it.

Shift into gear.

Press the accelerator pedal until the engine
has developed sufficient torque to prevent
your vehicle from rolling down the hill.

E267156

Release the switch and pull away
in a normal manner.

Automatically Releasing the Electric
Parking Brake

Close the driver door.

Shift into gear.

Press the accelerator pedal and pull away in
a normal manner.

E270480

The red warning lamp turns off.

If it remains illuminated or flashes, the electric
parking brake has not released. Manually
release the parking brake.

Releasing the Electric Parking Brake if
the Vehicle Battery is Running Out of
Charge

Connect a booster battery to the vehicle
battery to release the electric parking brake
if the vehicle battery is running out of charge.
See

Jump Starting the Vehicle

(page 366).

273

Brakes

HILL START ASSIST

WARNING:

The system does not

replace the parking brake. When you leave
your vehicle, always apply the parking
brake.

WARNING:

You must remain in your

vehicle when the system turns on. At all
times, you are responsible for controlling
your vehicle, supervising the system and
intervening, if required. Failure to take care
may result in the loss of control of your
vehicle, serious personal injury or death.

WARNING:

The system will turn off

if a malfunction is apparent or if you rev
the engine excessively. Failure to take care
may result in the loss of control of your
vehicle, serious personal injury or death.

The system makes it easier to pull away
when your vehicle is on a slope without the
need to use the parking brake.

When the system is active, your vehicle
remains stationary on the slope for two to
three seconds after you release the brake
pedal. This allows time to move your foot
from the brake to the accelerator pedal. The
system releases the brakes automatically
once the engine has developed sufficient
torque to prevent your vehicle from rolling
down the slope. This is an advantage when
pulling away on a slope, for example from a
car park ramp, traffic lights or when reversing
uphill into a parking space.

The system activates on any slope that
causes your vehicle to roll.

Note:

There is no warning light to indicate

the system is either on or off.

Using Hill Start Assist

1.

Press the brake pedal to bring your
vehicle to a complete standstill. Keep the
brake pedal pressed and shift into first
gear when facing uphill or reverse (R)
when facing downhill.

2. If the sensors detect that your vehicle is

on a slope, the system activates
automatically.

3. When you remove your foot from the

brake pedal, your vehicle remains on the
slope without rolling away for about two
to three seconds. This hold time
automatically extends if you are in the
process of driving off.

4. Drive off in the normal manner. The

system releases the brakes automatically.

Note:

When you remove your foot from the

brake pedal and press the pedal again when
the system is active, you will experience
significantly reduced brake pedal travel. This
is normal.

Switching the System On and Off

Vehicles with Manual Transmission

You can switch this feature on or off in the
information display. The system remembers
the last setting when you start your vehicle.

Vehicles with Automatic Transmission

You cannot turn the system on or off. When
you switch the ignition on, the system
automatically turns on.

274

Brakes

AUTO HOLD

WARNING:

The system does not

replace the parking brake. When you leave
your vehicle, always apply the parking
brake.

WARNING:

You must remain in your

vehicle when the system turns on. At all
times, you are responsible for controlling
your vehicle, supervising the system and
intervening, if required. Failure to take care
may result in the loss of control of your
vehicle, serious personal injury or death.

WARNING:

The system turns off if

there is a malfunction or if you excessively
rev the engine.

The system is designed to apply the brakes
to hold your vehicle at a standstill after you
stop your vehicle and release the brake
pedal. This could be beneficial in certain
situations, for example when waiting on a hill
or in traffic.

Switching Auto Hold On and Off

E287975

Press the button in the instrument
panel to access the Auto Hold
feature on the touchscreen.

Note:

You can only switch the system on

after you close the driver door and start the
engine.

Note:

The system remembers the last setting

when you start your vehicle.

Make sure you switch the system off before
towing with your vehicle or before using an
automatic car wash.

Using Auto Hold

1.

Use the brakes to bring your vehicle to
a complete stop. The auto hold active
indicator illuminates in the information
display.

2. Release the brake pedal. The system

holds your vehicle at a standstill. The
auto hold active indicator remains
illuminated in the information display.

Note:

The system only activates if you apply

enough brake pressure. If your vehicle is on
a steep slope, you need to press the brake
pedal harder before the system activates.

Note:

Under certain conditions, the system

could apply the electric parking brake. The
brake system warning lamp illuminates. The
electric parking brake releases when you
press the accelerator pedal. See

Electric

Parking Brake

(page 272).

Note:

If auto-start-stop turns off the engine,

auto hold remains active.

Note:

The system turns off if you shift into

reverse (R) and press the brake pedal.

3. Pull away in the normal manner. The

system releases the brakes and the auto
hold active indicator turns off.

Auto Hold Indicator

E197933

The auto hold indicator illuminates
in the information display when the
system is on and is either active or

unavailable.

275

Brakes

E197934

Illuminates when the system is
active. Your vehicle remains
stationary after you release the

brake pedal.

Illuminates when the system is on but
unavailable to hold your vehicle at a
standstill.

The system could be unavailable when any
of the following occur:

•

During an active park assist maneuver.

•

Your vehicle is in stay in neutral mode.

•

The driver door is open.

•

You shift into reverse (R) before the
system is active.

276

Brakes

WHAT IS REVERSE BRAKING
ASSIST

E205199

E205199

Reverse braking assist is designed to reduce
impact damage or assist in avoiding a
collision while in reverse (R). Using sensors
on the rear of the vehicle, it can detect a
possible collision and apply the brakes. If full
braking occurs, the system attempts to stop
the vehicle a safe distance from the obstacle.

HOW DOES REVERSE BRAKING
ASSIST WORK

Reverse braking assist functions when in
reverse (R) and traveling at a speed of
1–7 mph (2–12 km/h).

If the system detects an obstacle behind your
vehicle, it provides a warning through the
rear parking aid or cross traffic alert system.

REVERSE BRAKING ASSIST
PRECAUTIONS

WARNING:

You are responsible for

controlling your vehicle at all times. The
system is designed to be an aid and does
not relieve you of your responsibility to
drive with due care and attention. Failure
to follow this instruction could result in the
loss of control of your vehicle, personal
injury or death.

WARNING:

To help avoid personal

injury, always use caution when in reverse
(R) and when using the sensing system.

WARNING:

The system may not

operate properly during severe weather
conditions, for example snow, ice, heavy
rain and spray. Always drive with due care
and attention. Failure to take care may
result in a crash.

WARNING:

Traffic control systems,

fluorescent lamps, inclement weather, air
brakes, external motors and fans may
affect the correct operation of the sensing
system. This may cause reduced
performance or false alerts.

WARNING:

Some situations and

objects prevent hazard detection. For
example low or direct sunlight, inclement
weather, unconventional vehicle types, and
pedestrians. Apply the brakes when
necessary. Failure to follow this instruction
could result in the loss of control of your
vehicle, personal injury or death.

277

Reverse Braking Assist

(If Equipped)

WARNING:

Do not use the system

with accessories that extend beyond the
front or rear of your vehicle, for example a
trailer hitch or bike rack. The system is not
able to make corrections for the additional
length of the accessories.

The system only applies the brakes for a
short period of time when an event occurs.
Act as soon as you notice the brakes apply
to remain in control of the vehicle. If you do
not intervene the vehicle may start to move
again.

Note:

Certain add-on devices around the

bumper or fascia may create false alerts. For
example, large trailer hitches, bicycle or
surfboard racks, license plate brackets,
bumper covers or any other device that may
block the normal detection zone of the
system. Remove the add-on device to
prevent false alerts.

Note:

The system does not react to small or

moving objects, particularly those close to
the ground.

Note:

The system does not operate during

hard acceleration or steering.

Note:

If your vehicle sustains damage to the

bumper or fascia leaving it misaligned or
bent, it could alter the sensing zone causing
inaccurate measurement of obstacles or
false alerts.

Note:

Vehicle loading and suspension

changes can impact the angle of the sensors
and may change the normal detection zone
of the system resulting in inaccurate
measurement of obstacles or false alerts.

Note:

When you connect a trailer, the system

may detect the trailer and provide an alert,
or the system turns off. If the system does
not turn off, manually switch the system off
after you connect the trailer.

Note:

You may experience reduced system

performance on road surfaces that limit
deceleration. For example, roads with ice,
loose gravel, mud or sand.

SWITCHING REVERSE BRAKING
ASSIST ON AND OFF

You can switch the system on or off through
the touchscreen. See

Settings

(page 555).

Note:

The system is unavailable when rear

parking aid or cross traffic alert is off.

OVERRIDING REVERSE BRAKING
ASSIST

There could be instances when unexpected
or unwanted braking occurs. Firmly pressing
the accelerator pedal or switching the feature
off overrides the system.

REVERSE BRAKING ASSIST
INDICATORS

If the system determines that a collision with
an obstacle may occur, full braking may
apply.

E293490

A message and warning indicator
appear when the system applies
the brakes.

278

Reverse Braking Assist

(If Equipped)

REVERSE BRAKING ASSIST – TROUBLESHOOTING

REVERSE BRAKING ASSIST – INFORMATION MESSAGES

Action

Message

Make sure that all doors, liftgate or tailgate and hood are closed. Drive
the vehicle on a straight road for a short period. Make sure the parking
aids and cross traffic alert systems are on. If the message remains on,

have the system checked as soon as possible.

Reverse Brake Assist Not Available See Manual

Displays when a system error has occurred. Have your vehicle

checked as soon as possible.

Reverse Brake Assist Fault

Displays when reverse brake assist is off.

Reverse Brake Assist Off

279

Reverse Braking Assist

(If Equipped)

REVERSE BRAKING ASSIST –
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

Why is reverse braking assist unavailable?

•

Make sure you switch the system on.
See

Switching Reverse Braking Assist

On and Off

(page 278).

•

Make sure that the liftgate, hood and all
doors are closed.

•

Make sure the cross traffic alert system
is on. See

Cross Traffic Alert

(page 330).

•

Make sure the rear parking aid system is
on. See

Rear Parking Aid

(page 286).

•

Make sure traction control is on. See

Using Traction Control

(page 281).

•

The vehicle has sustained a rear end
impact. Have the sensors checked for
proper coverage and operation.

•

An ABS, traction control or stability
control event may have occurred. The
system resumes operation when the
event is complete.

•

Make sure the rear view camera and 360
degree camera are not dirty or
obstructed. If it is dirty, clean the camera.
See

Rear View Camera

(page 297). See

360 Degree Camera

(page 300). If the

message still appears after cleaning the
camera, wait a short time and the
message should clear. If the message
does not clear, have the system checked.

•

Make sure the sensors are not blocked
or faulted. See

Cross Traffic Alert

(page

330). See

Rear Parking Aid

(page 286).

•

You recently had your vehicle serviced,
or the battery disconnected. Drive your
vehicle a short distance to resume
system operation.

•

The system does not function when you
connect a trailer. Operation resumes
when you disconnect the trailer.

Note:

If the answers to why the system is

unavailable do not assist in returning reverse
braking assist to available, have the system
checked as soon as possible.

280

Reverse Braking Assist

(If Equipped)

PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

The traction control system helps avoid drive
wheel spin and loss of traction.

If your vehicle begins to slide, the system
applies the brakes to individual wheels and,
when needed, reduces engine power at the
same time. If the wheels spin when
accelerating on slippery or loose surfaces,
the system reduces engine power in order
to increase traction.

USING TRACTION CONTROL

WARNING:

Operating your vehicle

with the traction control disabled could
lead to an increased risk of loss of vehicle
control, vehicle rollover, personal injury
and death.

The system turns on each time you switch
on the ignition.

If your vehicle is stuck in mud or snow,
switching traction control off may be
beneficial as this allows the wheels to spin.

Note:

When you switch traction control off,

stability control remains fully active.

Switching the System Off

When you switch the system off or on, a
message appears in the information display
showing system status.

You can switch the system off by accessing
the traction control settings through the
touchscreen. See

Settings

(page 555).

Note:

If your vehicle detects a loss of traction

due to excessive wheel spin or deceleration,
a display message appears on the
touchscreen prompting you to disable
traction control if needed.

Using the Information Display Controls

You can switch this feature off or on in the
information display. See

General

Information

(page 136).

System Indicator Lights and Messages

E138639

The stability and traction control
light:

•

Temporarily illuminates on engine
start-up.

•

Flashes when a driving condition
activates either of the systems.

•

Illuminates if a problem occurs in either
of the systems.

E130458

The stability and traction control
off light temporarily illuminates on
engine start-up and stays on when

you switch the traction control system off.

281

Traction Control

PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

WARNING:

Vehicle modifications

involving braking system, aftermarket roof
racks, suspension, steering system, tire
construction and wheel and tire size may
change the handling characteristics of your
vehicle and may adversely affect the
performance of the electronic stability
control system. In addition, installing any
stereo loudspeakers may interfere with
and adversely affect the electronic stability
control system. Install any aftermarket
stereo loudspeaker as far as possible from
the front center console, the tunnel, and
the front seats in order to minimize the risk
of interfering with the electronic stability
control sensors. Reducing the
effectiveness of the electronic stability
control system could lead to an increased
risk of loss of vehicle control, vehicle
rollover, personal injury and death.

WARNING:

Remember that even

advanced technology cannot defy the laws
of physics. It’s always possible to lose
control of a vehicle due to inappropriate
driver input for the conditions. Aggressive
driving on any road condition can cause
you to lose control of your vehicle
increasing the risk of personal injury or
property damage. Activation of the
electronic stability control system is an
indication that at least some of the tires
have exceeded their ability to grip the
road; this could reduce the operator’s
ability to control the vehicle potentially
resulting in a loss of vehicle control, vehicle
rollover, personal injury and death. If your
electronic stability control system activates,
SLOW DOWN.

The system automatically turns on each time
you switch the ignition on.

If a driving condition activates either the
stability control or the traction control system
you may experience the following conditions:

•

The stability and traction control light
flashes.

•

Your vehicle slows down.

•

Reduced engine power.

•

A vibration in the brake pedal.

•

The brake pedal is stiffer than usual.

•

If the driving condition is severe and your
foot is not on the brake, the brake pedal
may move as the systems applies higher
brake forces.

The stability control system has several
features built into it to help you maintain
control of your vehicle:

Electronic Stability Control

The system enhances your vehicle’s ability
to prevent skids or lateral slides by applying
brakes to one or more of the wheels
individually and, if necessary, reducing
engine power.

282

Stability Control

Roll Stability Control

The system enhances your vehicle’s ability
to prevent rollovers by detecting your
vehicle’s roll motion and the rate at which it
changes by applying the brakes to one or
more wheels individually.

Curve Control

The system enhances your vehicle’s ability
to follow the road when cornering severely
or avoiding objects in the roadway. Curve
Control operates by reducing engine power
and, if necessary, applying brakes to one or
more of the wheels individually.

Traction Control

The system enhances your vehicle’s ability
to maintain traction of the wheels by
detecting and controlling wheel spin. See

Using Traction Control

(page 281).

E72903

Vehicle without stability control
skidding off its intended route.

A

Vehicle with stability control
maintaining control on a slippery
surface.

B

USING STABILITY CONTROL

The system automatically turns on each time
you switch the ignition on.

You cannot switch the stability control and
roll stability control systems off, but when
you shift into reverse (R), the systems turn
off.

You can switch the traction control system
off or on. See

Using Traction Control

(page

281).

283

Stability Control

WHAT IS HILL DESCENT CONTROL

WARNING:

Hill descent control

cannot control descent in all surface
conditions and circumstances, such as ice
or extremely steep grades. Hill descent
control is a driver assist system and cannot
substitute for good judgment by the driver.
Failure to do so may result in loss of
vehicle control, crash or serious injury.

WARNING:

The system does not

replace the parking brake. When you leave
your vehicle, always apply the parking
brake.

Note:

The system does not function below

3 mph (5 km/h).

Hill descent control allows the driver to set
and maintain vehicle speed while
descending steep slopes in various surface
conditions.

The system can maintain vehicle speeds on
downhill slopes between 3–20 mph
(5–32 km/h). Above 20 mph (32 km/h), the
system remains on but the descent speed
cannot be set or maintained.

The system requires a cool down interval
after a period of sustained use. The amount
of time that the system can remain active
before cooling varies with conditions. The
system provides a warning in the message
center and a tone sounds when the system
is about to disengage for cooling. At this
time, manually apply the brakes as needed
to maintain descent speed.

SWITCHING HILL DESCENT
CONTROL ON AND OFF

You can switch the hill descent control on
and off through the touchscreen.

SETTING THE HILL DESCENT
SPEED

WARNING:

The system does not

replace the parking brake. When you leave
your vehicle, always apply the parking
brake.

WARNING:

The system does not

control speed in low traction conditions or
extremely steep slopes. The system is
designed to be an aid and does not relieve
you of your responsibility to drive with due
care and attention. Failure to follow this
instruction could result in personal injury.

To increase the descent speed, press the
accelerator pedal until you reach the speed
you prefer.

To decrease the descent speed, press the
brake pedal until you reach the speed you
prefer.

284

Hill Descent Control

(If Equipped)

When you reach the speed you prefer, either
by accelerating or decelerating, remove your
feet from the pedals. The system maintains
the chosen vehicle speed.

HILL DESCENT CONTROL
INDICATOR

Illuminates when you switch hill
descent control on.

285

Hill Descent Control

(If Equipped)