Isuzu KB P190. Manual — part 62

wheels. When the wheels tilt outward at the top, the camber is
positive (+). When the wheels tilt inward at the top, the camber
is negative (-). The amount of tilt measured in degrees from
the vertical is called the camber angle (1). If camber is extreme
or unequal between the wheels, improper steering and
excessive tire wear will result. Negative camber causes wear
on the inside of the tire, while positive camber causes wear to
the outside.

Caster:

This illustration shows a view from the side of the vehicle.

Caster (1) is the vertical tilting of the wheel axis either

forward or backward (when viewed from the side of the

vehicle). A backward tilt is positive (+) and a forward tilt is

negative (-). On the short and long arm type suspension

you cannot see a caster angle without a special instrument, but
if you look straight down from the top of the upper control arm
to the ground, the ball joints do not line up (fore and aft) when
a caster angle other than 0 degrees is present. With a positive
angle, the lower ball joint would be slightly ahead (toward the
front of the vehicle) of the upper ball joint center line.

Toe-in:

This illustration shows a view from the top of the vehicle.

Toe-in is the measured amount the front wheels are turned in.
The actual amount of toe-in is normally a fraction of a degree.
Toe-in is measured from the center of the tire treads or from
the inside of the tires. The purpose of toe-in is to insure parallel
rolling of the front wheels and to offset any small deflections of
the wheel support system which occurs when the vehicle is
rolling forward. Incorrect toe-in results in excessive toe-in and
unstable steering. Toe-in is the last alignment to be set in

the front end alignment procedure.

FRONT ALIGNMENT 3A-3

Inspection

Before making any adjustments affecting caster, camber or
toe-in, the following front end inspection should be made.

1. Inspect the tires for proper inflation pressure. Refer to

Main Data and Specifications in Wheel and Tire System

section.

2. Make sure that the vehicle is in an unladen condition (With

no passengers or loading).

3. Make sure that the spare tire is installed at the normal

position.

4. Inspect the front wheel bearings for proper adjustment.

Refer to Front Hub and Disc Overhaul in Suspension

section.

5. Inspect the ball joints and tie rod ends. If excessive

looseness is noted, correct before adjusting. Refer to

Steering Linkage in this section.

6. Inspect the wheel and tires for run-out. Refer to Wheel

Replacement in Wheel and Tire System section.

7. Inspect the trim height. If not within specifications, the

correction must be made before adjusting caster.

8. Inspect the steering unit for looseness at the frame.

9. Inspect shock absorbers for leaks or any noticeable noise.

Refer to Shock Absorber in Suspension section.

10.

Inspect the control arms or stabilizer bar attachment for

looseness. Refer to Suspension section.

11. Inspect the front end alignment using alignment equipment.

Follow the manufacturer’s instructions.

12. Park the vehicle on a level surface.

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Isuzu KB P190. Manual — part 62

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