Ford F-650 / 750 (2023 year). Manual in english — page 9

PNEUMATIC LOCKING
DIFFERENTIAL INDICATORS

E163170

Illuminates when using the
electronic locking differential.

136

Pneumatic Locking Differential

GENERAL INFORMATION

Note:

Occasional brake noise is normal. If

a metal-to-metal, continuous grinding or
continuous squeal sound is present, the
brake linings may be worn-out. Have the
system checked as soon as possible. If the
vehicle has continuous vibration or shudder
in the steering wheel while braking, have the
system checked as soon as possible.

All standard equipment brakes are
self-adjusting. Automatic adjustment,
when required, occurs whenever you apply
and release the brakes during forward or
reverse operation.

Know the required stopping distances for
all driving conditions you may encounter.
For longer brake lining life, take full
advantage of engine braking power when
coming to a stop.

Wet brakes result in reduced braking
efficiency. Gently press the brake pedal a
few times when driving from a car wash or
standing water to dry the brakes.

If the brakes do not grip well:

•

Check brake adjustment.

•

Check the brake linings for excessive
wear.

•

Check the system air pressure on
vehicles with air brakes.

•

Let the brakes cool if you have been
using them excessively, as in mountain
driving or after several fast, high-speed
stops.

•

If you have been driving through deep
water, gently apply the brakes several
times while your vehicle is moving
slowly.

Brake Over Accelerator

In the event the accelerator pedal
becomes stuck or entrapped, apply steady
and firm pressure to the brake pedal to
slow the vehicle and reduce engine power.
If you experience this condition, apply the
brakes and bring your vehicle to a safe
stop. Move the transmission to park (P),
switch the engine off and apply the parking
brake. Inspect the accelerator pedal for
any interference. If none are found and the
condition persists, have your vehicle towed
to the nearest authorized dealer

Anti-lock Brake System

This system helps you maintain steering
control during emergency stops by keeping
the brakes from locking.

If the light does not illuminate
during start up, remains on or
flashes, the system may be

disabled. It also momentarily illuminates
when you switch the ignition on to confirm
the lamp is functional. If it does not
illuminate when you switch the ignition on,
or begins to flash at any time, have the
system checked.

E210335

If you connect a PLC trailer with
the ignition on, the trailer ABS
light also illuminates. If the light

fails to illuminate, if it remains on after you
start the vehicle or continues to flash, have
the system serviced immediately.

See

Warning Lamps and Indicators

(page 66).

137

Brakes

E209041

If the system is disabled, normal
braking is still effective. If the
brake warning lamp illuminates

with the parking brake released, have the
system checked immediately. It also
momentarily illuminates when you switch
the ignition on to confirm the lamp is
functional. If it does not illuminate when
you switch the ignition on, or begins to
flash at any time, have the system
checked.

HINTS ON DRIVING WITH
ANTI-LOCK BRAKES

The anti-lock brake system does not
eliminate the risks when:

•

You drive too closely to the vehicle in
front of you.

•

Your vehicle is hydroplaning.

•

You take corners too fast.

•

The road surface is poor.

Note:

If the system activates, the brake

pedal could pulse and may travel further.
Maintain pressure on the brake pedal. You
may also hear a noise from the system. This
is normal.

PARKING BRAKE

Hydraulic Brakes

(If Equipped)

WARNING:

Always set the parking

brake and leave your vehicle with the
transmission in park (P).

WARNING:

This control is for

parking only. Do not leave the vehicle
unattended after setting the parking
brake without placing the transmission
in park (P). We recommend using wheel
chocks for hilly or off-road
circumstances.

WARNING:

Unexpected and

possibly sudden vehicle movement may
occur if you do not take these
precautions.

WARNING:

If the parking brake is

fully released, but the brake warning
lamp remains illuminated, the brakes
may not be working properly. Have your
vehicle checked as soon as possible.

Apply the parking brake whenever the
vehicle is parked. To set the parking brake,
pull the handle up until it snaps into the
locked position.

When the parking brake is out of
adjustment, seek service immediately.

E208810

The parking brake warning lamp
in the instrument cluster
illuminates, and remains

illuminated (when you switch on the
ignition), until you release the parking
brake.

E210347

138

Brakes

Push the palm release lever (A) on the
parking brake handle (B) and push down
as far as possible to release the brake.
Driving with the parking brake on causes
the brakes to wear out quickly and reduces
fuel economy.

We recommend you not use the parking
brake to stop a moving vehicle. However,
if the normal brakes fail, you can use the
parking brake to stop your vehicle in an
emergency. Since the parking brake only
applies retardation to the rear wheels, the
vehicle's stopping distance increases
greatly and the handling of your vehicle is
adversely affected.

Releasing Spring Manually

WARNING:

Do not attempt to

disassemble the parking brake air
chamber under any circumstances as
this may cause serious injury.

WARNING:

Block the wheels to

help prevent the vehicle from moving.

WARNING:

Unexpected and

possibly sudden vehicle movement may
occur if you do not take these
precautions.

If you release hydraulic pressure from the
spring brake chamber, the power spring
applies the brake. If the hydraulic pressure
can be re-established, you must release
the spring brake in order to move your
vehicle.

Air Brakes

(If Equipped)

WARNING:

This control is for

parking only. Do not leave the vehicle
unattended after setting the parking
brake without placing the transmission
in park (P). We recommend using wheel
chocks for hilly or off-road
circumstances.

If the service brakes fail to operate while
your vehicle is moving, you can make an
emergency stop with the parking brake.
Since the parking brake only applies
stopping power to the rear wheels, your
vehicle’s stopping distance greatly
increases and the handling of your vehicle
is adversely affected. Make repairs
immediately to an inoperative air brake
system circuit.

E210341

Pull the yellow, dash-mounted parking
brake knob to apply the parking brake.

E208810

The parking brake light
illuminates and remains
illuminated (when you switch

the ignition to the on position) until you
release the parking brake.

139

Brakes

Releasing the Parking Brake

WARNING:

When your vehicle is

stationary, keep the brake pedal fully
pressed when shifting gears. Failure to
follow this instruction could result in
personal injury, death or property
damage.

Note:

Read and understand the following

steps and perform them whenever you
prepare to drive the vehicle.

Note:

The parking brake does not disengage

unless sufficient system air pressure is
available.

1.

Press and hold the service brake pedal
while the engine is running.

2. Select the appropriate drive gear.

3. Push and hold the yellow

dash-mounted parking brake knob until
the parking brake light turns off, then
release.

Parking Brake Light Illumination Due
to Low Air Pressure

If the air pressure becomes too low at any
time during vehicle operation, the parking
brake may apply and the parking brake
light turns on.

If the parking brake applies due to low air
pressure, immediate service is required to
the parking brake system.

Releasing Spring Brake with Air
Pressure

The air system in all vehicles with
spring-actuated rear wheel parking brakes
has a valve on the governor for connection
to an outside air supply. The valve lets you
recharge the system with air from an
outside source, releasing the
spring-actuated parking brakes. Your
vehicle is now ready to tow in an
emergency.

You can only use an outside air source if
the protected system is in operating
condition. If you cannot restore air pressure
in the protected air system, you must
release the spring-actuated brakes
manually.

Releasing Spring Manually

Do not use impact wrenches as they may
damage the piston and prevent proper
caging of the spring. Do not apply more
than 50 lb.ft (68 Nm) to the release bolt
nut.

1.

Remove the stud tool and nut from the
carrying pocket on the brake chamber
assembly.

E210365

2. Remove the access plug from the end

of the spring chamber.

3. Insert the release stud through the

opening in the chamber and into the
spring pressure plate.

E210366

4. Turn the release stud ¼ turn to engage

the stud tangs with the slot in the
pressure plate. Keep the stud engaged
and install the nut on the release stud.

140

Brakes

5. Tighten the nut until the spring is fully

caged and brakes released. Do not
loosen or remove the release stud and
nut unless you completely assemble
and securely clamp the brake chamber.

6. After restoring the air pressure,

unscrew and remove the release stud
and install in the carrying pocket. Install
the access plug.

HILL START ASSIST

WARNING:

The system does not

replace the parking brake. When you
leave your vehicle, always apply the
parking brake.

WARNING:

You must remain in

your vehicle when the system turns on.
At all times, you are responsible for
controlling your vehicle, supervising the
system and intervening, if required.
Failure to take care may result in the loss
of control of your vehicle, serious
personal injury or death.

WARNING:

The system will turn

off if a malfunction is apparent or if you
rev the engine excessively. Failure to take
care may result in the loss of control of
your vehicle, serious personal injury or
death.

The system makes it easier to pull away
when your vehicle is on a slope without the
need to use the parking brake.

When the system is active, your vehicle
remains stationary on the slope for two to
three seconds after you release the brake
pedal. This allows time to move your foot
from the brake to the accelerator pedal.
The system releases the brakes
automatically once the engine has

developed sufficient torque to prevent your
vehicle from rolling down the slope. This
is an advantage when pulling away on a
slope, for example from a car park ramp,
traffic lights or when reversing uphill into
a parking space.

The system activates on any slope that
causes your vehicle to roll.

Note:

There is no warning light to indicate

the system is either on or off.

Using Hill Start Assist

1.

Press the brake pedal to bring your
vehicle to a complete standstill. Keep
the brake pedal pressed and shift into
first gear when facing uphill or reverse
(R) when facing downhill.

2. If the sensors detect that your vehicle

is on a slope, the system activates
automatically.

3. When you remove your foot from the

brake pedal, your vehicle remains on
the slope without rolling away for
about two to three seconds. This hold
time automatically extends if you are
in the process of driving off.

4. Drive off in the normal manner. The

system releases the brakes
automatically.

Note:

When you remove your foot from the

brake pedal and press the pedal again when
the system is active, you will experience
significantly reduced brake pedal travel. This
is normal.

Switching the System On and Off

Vehicles with Manual Transmission

You can switch this feature on or off in the
information display. The system
remembers the last setting when you start
your vehicle.

141

Brakes

Vehicles with Automatic Transmission

You cannot turn the system on or off.
When you switch the ignition on, the
system automatically turns on.

AIR BRAKES

(IF EQUIPPED)

WARNING:

Do not drive or continue

to drive if the low air pressure buzzer is
sounding or the brake warning light is lit.
These warnings indicate that air pressure
is not to normal operating level.
Continued use of the vehicle could result
in loss of braking ability.

WARNING:

Avoid repeated light

application of the brake pedal. This
depletes air pressure faster and could
result in loss of braking capability.

WARNING:

Do not move the

vehicle when the air pressure is
insufficient because the brake system
may be inoperative.

After starting the engine, give the air
compressor time to build up the air
pressure to 60 psi (414 kPa) before moving
your vehicle.

E210336

Periodically check the air pressure gauge
while driving. Pressure should range
between approximately 100 psi (690 kPa)
to 130 psi (896 kPa). The air compressor
governor cut-in and cutout pressure
settings are set at the factory and are not
adjustable.

E206772

When air pressure is insufficient
(below 60 psi (414 kPa)), a
warning light illuminates and a

buzzer sounds when the ignition is in the
on position. This may happen because
excessive brake applications are depleting
the system air pressure. If this condition
occurs, stop driving your vehicle until the
compressor has fully recharged the air
system.

Select a gear ratio to help slow your vehicle
before descending grades. Supplementing
with brakes, as required, help to safely slow
the vehicle and avoids overspeeding the
engine.

Air Chamber Stroke Indication

Air chamber push rods have orange stroke
indicator markers that warn when the
braking system requires adjustment or
repair. The painted orange indicator is on
the air chamber push rod at the slack
adjuster stroke dimension that requires
service when visible during brake
application.

A qualified service technician should
perform air brake inspection and
adjustment or repairs keeping to the
instructions in the service manual.

142

Brakes

Cam Brakes - Automatic Slack
Adjusters

WARNING:

Do not manually adjust

the automatic slack adjusters to correct
excessive push rod stroke as it may result
in reduced brake effectiveness and a
vehicle crash. Excessive push rod stroke
indicates that a problem exists with the
automatic adjuster, with the installation
of the adjuster, or with foundation brake
components that manual adjustment
does not remedy. Seek service from a
qualified facility for excessive push rod
stroke.

E210337

Standard air brakes (cam) are equipped
with automatic brake adjusters. Automatic
adjustment occurs during brake
applications. Inspect brakes for proper
adjustment at the specified intervals. See

Scheduled Maintenance

(page 319).

Emergency Air Brake

WARNING:

Do not continue to

operate the vehicle with a failure of one
of the brake systems. Take the vehicle
to your dealer for service immediately.

All vehicles are equipped with a dual brake
system. In the unlikely event of a failure of
one system, the second system functions
for emergency stopping. The brake pedal
controls all these systems in the same
manner as for normal stops.

EXHAUST BRAKE

(IF EQUIPPED)

WARNING:

Do not use tow/haul

when the road surface is slippery. Failure
to follow this instruction could result in
the loss of control of your vehicle.

WARNING:

Do not use diesel

engine exhaust braking when the road
surface is slippery. Failure to follow this
instruction could result in the loss of
control of your vehicle.

Note:

Installing an exhaust or auxiliary

brake does not necessarily protect the
engine from exceeding the maximum
governed speed. Use the primary brakes to
make sure the engine never exceeds the
maximum governed speed under any
circumstance.

Note:

Engine speed has a major influence

on limiting performance. When engine
speed stays at the maximum allowable
level, the exhaust brake operates at peak
performance.

Note:

Exhaust brakes operate effectively

with automatic transmissions. However,
performance varies with engine speed and
the gear selected by the transmission.

An exhaust brake is an auxiliary braking
system that assists, but does not replace,
the primary brake system. It helps control
vehicle speed. It is not a vehicle-stopping
device.

143

Brakes

Use the button on the instrument panel, in
combination with the accelerator pedal,
to maximize the use of the exhaust brake
in the following conditions:

•

Off-highway driving.

•

Mountain driving.

•

Heavy traffic.

•

High-speed highway driving.

E215226

To switch the exhaust brake on, press the
button. A light on the instrument cluster
indicates the system is on. Press the button
again to switch it off.

While approaching a steep grade, make
sure that the exhaust brake switch is on.
The exhaust brake begins working as soon
as you remove your foot from the
accelerator pedal.

Before descending a hill or steep grade,
always select the proper gear. If you take
the transmission out of gear while
descending, you may not be able to select
another gear because of maximum
governed RPM.

Make sure the engine speed does not
exceed the maximum allowable engine
RPM. Exceeding the maximum allowable
engine RPM can result in damage to the
engine. Apply the service brakes to reduce
the engine RPM or make a slower descent
by using a lower gear.

While driving down a grade, use a low
enough gear to descend safely with a
minimum application of the service brakes.
As a general guideline, use the same gear
as you use to ascend the hill.

Exhaust Brake Operating
Characteristics

The exhaust brake switches on when you
remove your feet from the accelerator
pedal and the exhaust brake is on.

If the brake is working properly, you may
notice:

•

A slight change in engine sound when
the exhaust brake turns on.

•

A smooth braking effect. Do not expect
a retarding effect similar to sudden,
hard application of the service brakes.

•

A retarding force possibly felt acting
against your body during brake
application, depending on the grade
and vehicle load. This force helps your
vehicle resist increasing speeds down
grades.

•

Engine temperatures remaining in the
normal operating range.

•

A drop in engine RPM, depending on
grade and vehicle load, during a
descent.

•

A decrease in road speed when
applying the exhaust brake during a
descent, except when your vehicle is
carrying a heavy load or the grade is
extremely steep. In these instances,
you may need to apply the service
brakes occasionally.

144

Brakes

TRAILER BRAKES

(IF EQUIPPED)

Trailer Brake Hand Control

(If Equipped)

WARNING:

The hand control

should never be used to apply the brakes
when the tractor and trailer are parked
unattended. Air may leak from the
system and the vehicle could possibly
move, resulting in possible property
damage, personal injury or death.

E210339

The hand control is located on the
right-hand side of the instrument panel. It
applies the trailer service brakes, which are
independent of the truck or tractor service
brakes.

It operates a valve that provides gradual
control of air pressure applied. When the
valve is only partially applied, you can
override the trailer brakes by pressing fully
on the brake pedal.

To apply the trailer brakes using the hand
control, move the lever downward. The
further you push the lever down, the
greater the air pressure is applied to the
brakes. The lever remains in place until
manually moved.

To release the trailer brakes, move the
lever up completely.

Trailer Air Supply and Parking
Brake Modular Controls

(If Equipped)

E210340

The trailer air supply valve delivers air to
the trailer supply and automatically pops
out, shutting off the trailer supply, if
pressure decreases to approximately 35 psi
(249 kPa).

E210341

The parking brake controls the spring
brakes on the tractor. When you pull the
knob out, it causes the trailer supply valve
to pop out, applying both the tractor and
trailer parking brakes. You can
independently release the trailer brakes by
pushing only the trailer air supply valve in.

145

Brakes

Initial Charge

E210342

With the air system completely discharged,
both knobs (A and B) are out. When the
air pressure reaches 70 psi (481 kPa), the
trailer air supply (A - red knob) may be
pushed in and should stay in, charging the
trailer air system and releasing the trailer
brakes.

E210343

You can push in the parking brake (B -
yellow knob) and supply air to the tractor
spring brakes, releasing them.

Normal Driving Position

E210343

Push in both knobs (A and B) to supply air
to both trailer and tractor spring brakes,
releasing all brakes.

146

Brakes

System Park

E210344

With both knobs (A and B) pushed in
(normal driving position), the parking
brakes for both the tractor and trailer can
be applied by pulling the parking brake
knob (B) out, exhausting air from the
tractor spring brakes, simultaneously
causing the trailer air supply valve to pop
out, applying the trailer brakes.

Trailer Charge

E210342

If both knobs (A and B) are out, and you
want to recharge the trailer while leaving
the tractor spring brakes applied, the trailer
air supply (A) can be pushed in to recharge
the trailer air supply line. You can also use
this mode to park a combination vehicle
with tractor spring brakes.

147

Brakes

Automatic Application

E210345

If both knobs (A and B) are pushed in and
the brake system air pressure is reduced
to approximately 35 psi (249 kPa), the
trailer air supply (A) knob automatically
pops out applying the emergency or
parking brakes on the trailer. If the trailer
air supply (A) knob is manually held in and
the air pressure is reduced to
approximately 30 psi (207 kPa), a tripper
piston within the valve moves, exhausting
the trailer air supply, applying the trailer
brakes. Further reduction of air pressure,
while holding the trailer air supply knob in,
causes the parking brake knob to pop out
at 25 psi (172 kPa).

Actuation of Trailer Park (Emergency)
or Tractor Bobtail Position

E210345

To actuate the trailer brakes only, pull out
the trailer air supply (A) knob. This applies
the trailer brakes whether the trailer uses
emergency or spring brakes.

You can also use this mode when the
tractor or truck with trailer is used during
bobtail operation.

148

Brakes

PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

The traction control system helps avoid
drive wheel spin and loss of traction.

If your vehicle begins to slide, the system
applies the brakes to individual wheels
and, when needed, reduces engine power
at the same time. If the wheels spin when
accelerating on slippery or loose surfaces,
the system reduces engine power in order
to increase traction.

Note:

The system does not apply the brakes

when vehicle speed is above 25 mph
(40 km/h).

USING TRACTION CONTROL -
VEHICLES WITH: AIR BRAKES

WARNING:

Operating your vehicle

with the traction control disabled could
lead to an increased risk of loss of vehicle
control, vehicle rollover, personal injury
and death.

E330660

E330660

Press the TCS Off button on the
instrument panel to enable the
mud/snow mode.

This is beneficial when your vehicle is stuck
in snow or on a slippery road surface. This
mode allows wheel spin to dig your vehicle
out and allows you to rock your vehicle.

Press the switch again to select standard
traction control. The system automatically
selects standard traction control at the
next ignition cycle.

System Indicator Light

Note:

If the traction control light does not

flash during a traction control event or stays
illuminated, the system is not functioning
properly. Take your vehicle to an authorized
dealer for service.

During traction control operation, the
traction control light flashes rapidly and
the engine does not rev-up when you press
further on the accelerator. This is normal
and is no reason for concern.

In mud/snow mode, the TCS OFF light
illuminates on the instrument cluster. If a
traction event occurs in either mode, the
stability and traction control light flashes
rapidly.

USING TRACTION CONTROL -
VEHICLES WITH: HYDRAULIC
BRAKES

WARNING:

Operating your vehicle

with the traction control disabled could
lead to an increased risk of loss of vehicle
control, vehicle rollover, personal injury
and death.

The system turns on each time you switch
the ignition on.

E330660

E330660

Use the traction control button
on the instrument panel to
switch the system off or on.

If your vehicle is stuck in mud or snow,
switching traction control off is beneficial
as this allows the wheels to spin.

Press the button again to switch the
traction control system on.

System Indicator Light

Note:

If the traction control light does not

flash during a traction control event or stays
on, the system is not operating. Have the
system checked as soon as possible.

During a traction control event, the traction
control light rapidly flashes. Pressing
further on the accelerator does not cause
the engine to rev higher. This is normal and
is no reason for concern.

149

Traction Control

When the system turns the traction control
off, the OFF light illuminates on the
instrument cluster. If a traction event
occurs in either mode, the stability and
traction control light rapidly flashes.

150

Traction Control

PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION -
VEHICLES WITH: HYDRAULIC
BRAKES

WARNING:

Vehicle modifications

involving braking system, aftermarket
roof racks, suspension, steering system,
tire construction and wheel and tire size
may change the handling characteristics
of your vehicle and may adversely affect
the performance of the electronic
stability control system. In addition,
installing any stereo loudspeakers may
interfere with and adversely affect the
electronic stability control system. Install
any aftermarket stereo loudspeaker as
far as possible from the front center
console, the tunnel, and the front seats
in order to minimize the risk of interfering
with the electronic stability control
sensors. Reducing the effectiveness of
the electronic stability control system
could lead to an increased risk of loss of
vehicle control, vehicle rollover, personal
injury and death.

WARNING:

Remember that even

advanced technology cannot defy the
laws of physics. It's always possible to
lose control of a vehicle due to
inappropriate driver input for the
conditions. Aggressive driving on any
road condition can cause you to lose
control of your vehicle increasing the risk
of personal injury or property damage.
Activation of the electronic stability
control system is an indication that at
least some of the tires have exceeded
their ability to grip the road; this could

reduce the operator's ability to control
the vehicle potentially resulting in a loss
of vehicle control, vehicle rollover,
personal injury and death. If your
electronic stability control system
activates, SLOW DOWN.

The system turns on each time you switch
the ignition on.

If a fault occurs in either the stability
control or the traction control system, the
following conditions are possible:

•

The stability and traction control light
illuminate.

•

The stability control and traction
control systems are not maintaining
traction of the wheels.

If a driving condition activates either the
stability control or the traction control
system, the following conditions are
possible:

•

The stability and traction control light
flash.

•

Your vehicle slows down.

•

The system reduces engine power.

•

A vibration in the brake pedal.

•

The brake pedal is stiffer than usual.

•

If the driving condition is severe and
your foot is not on the brake, the brake
pedal could move as the system
applies higher brake force.

The stability control system has several
features built into it to help you maintain
control of your vehicle:

Electronic Stability Control

The system assists in preventing skids or
lateral slides by applying the brakes to one
or more of the wheels individually and, if
necessary, decreases engine power.

151

Stability Control