Ford Falcon. Manual — part 110
303-01a-11
Engine — I6
303-01a-11
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION (Continued)
Lower Engine Components
Item
Description
1
Gasket - Front Cover RH
2
Timing Chain Tensioner
3
Lever arm assembly - Timing chain
tensioner
4
Timing chain
5
Guide assembly - Timing chain
6
Oil pump
7
Oil pump pick-up/ Screen
8
Sensor Assembly Engine Spark intensity
(knock sensor)
9
Flywheel assembly
10
Cover - Flywheel housing
11
Filter assembly - Oil
12
Piston compression ring, Upper
13
Piston compression ring, Lower
14
Piston Oil control, Ring
15
Piston
16
Connecting rod
17
Bearing upper - Connecting rod (Big End)
18
Bearing lower - Connecting Rod (Big End)
19
Cap - Connecting rod
20
Pin - Piston
21
Cover - Flywheel
22
Plug - Oil pan drain
23
Pan - Oil
24
Baffle - Oil pan
25
Seal - Oil pan
26
Crank windage oil baffle
27
Brace - Main bearing cap support
28
Crankshaft main bearing caps
29
Crankshaft main bearing - Lower
30
Crankshaft
31
Crankshaft main bearings - Upper
32
Cylinder block
33
Tube - Oil lever indicator
34
Oil lever indicator
35
Damper assembly - Crankshaft
36
Crank sensor
37
Crankshaft sprocket / Tone wheel
38
Switch assembly - Oil pressure
39
Seal - Oil, Cylinder front cover
40
Cover - Cylinder front
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303-01a-12
Engine — I6
303-01a-12
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING
Visual Inspection Chart
Engine
Mechanical
Inspection and Verification
Coolant leaks
Oil leaks
Since diagnosis and testing actually begins when
Leaks in the fuel system
repairs are taken on, the following procedure is
Visibly damaged or worn parts
recommended.
Loose or missing nuts or bolts
1. Verify the customer concern by operating the
system.
3. If an obvious cause for an observed or reported
concern is found, correct the cause (if possible)
2. Visually inspect for obvious signs of mechanical
before proceeding to the next step.
damage or electrical damage. If the concern
cannot be reproduced, carry out a road test
4. If the concern is not visually evident, verify the
and/or visual check with the aid of the following
symptom and refer to the Symptom Chart.
table.
Symptom Chart
Condition
Source
Action
Engine will not crank
Faulty Starter System
Refer Section 303-06 Starting System.
Transmission lever not in P or N.
Place in P.
Seized engine
Replace engine.
Coolant in cylinders
Replace engine.
Engine cranks but will not start
Ignition system inoperative
Refer section 303-06 Starting System
Fuel system inoperative
Refer section 303-04
LPG engine requires "key-off" to
Key-off LPG engine if 1st starting
Engine slow/difficult to start
regain starting enrichment after initial
attempt failed.
failed start.
Variable Cam Timing (VCT) unit lock
pin not engaged at start.
Clean Oil Control Valve. Refer to Valve
VCT unit Oil Control Valve jammed.
Cover Section.
Engine misfires
Fail Safe Cooling in operation
Repair coolant system
Ignition system faulty
Refer Section 303-06
Fuel system faulty
Refer Section 303-04
Restricted exhaust system
Inspect Exhaust system
Carry out Intake Manifold Vacuum test
Intake vacuum leak
in this section
Burned valve/poor seating
Perform a compression check
Broken valve spring
Inspect valve springs
Head gasket leakage
Inspect head gasket
Piston damage
Perform cylinder compression check
Broadband Intake Manifold not
Check switching occurs at 3800 rpm-
Insufficient
Power
operative
refer Section 303-14.
VCT unit(s) not operative
Refer Section 303-14.
Electronic Throttle Control Unit faulty
Refer Section 303-14.
Green(low mileage) engine/vehicle
Establish accurate fuel consumption
Excessive Fuel Consumption
City/stop-start driving
using full-to-full method.
Faulty Fuel System
Refer Section 303-04
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303-01a-13
Engine — I6
303-01a-13
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING (Continued)
Condition
Source
Action
Excessive Oil Consumption
Green engine
Recheck at 15,000 km
Valve stem seal damaged or missing.
Inspect the seals.
Oil leakage
Repair oil leakage
Incorrect Oil viscosity
Drain and fill with correct oil
Piston/rings/cylinder worn or damaged
Repair. Refer Section 303-00.
Determine cause. Correct. Drain and
Diluted oil
refill oil.
Crankcase overfilled
Adjust oil level.
Faulty PCV Valve
Check and replace.
Engine leaks oil
Joint fasteners loose
Tighten to specification.
Out of position or damaged seal/RTV
Pressurise crankcase to 35kPa. Apply
soapy water, check for leak. Inspect
sealant omitted/inadequate.
and replace.
Worn/out of position crank rotary seal
Inspect and replace.
Clean suspect area, Perform
Porous casting
pressurized crankcase check. Run
engine, check for leak. Replace
casting.
Sealant in Crank Damper keyway
Replace
sealant.
omitted or inadequate
Sealant between Rear Main Cap and
Perform pressurized crankcase leak
block omitted or inadequate
check. Repair.
Excessive Crankshaft Main bearing or
Inspect and repair. Refer relevant
Engine
Noise
big end clearance.
Section.
Excessive Crankshaft end play
Excessive camshaft end play
Excessive piston to bore
clearance/damaged piston/bent
connecting rod.
Excessive hydraulic valve adjuster
clearance
Worn cam lobe or roller finger follower
Excessive valve guide clearance
Broken valve spring
Loose timing chain
Loose crank damper
Worn/noisy Front End Accessory Drive
Belt
Worn/noisy tensioner/idler pulley
Exhaust gas leakage
Check for excessively low or high oil
Soft or spongy lash adjusters
level. Air leak in suction side of oil
pump.
Carbon in combustion chamber/top
Remove carbon using proprietary
land of piston
carbon removal treatment
Pressurised leak check
Component Tests
Engine Oil Leaks
1. Clean the engine with a suitable cleaning fluid to
remove all traces of oil.
NOTE: Before installing new gaskets or oil seals,
2. Block off the line to the PCV valve.
make sure that the fault is clearly established. If the
oil leak cannot be identified clearly by a visual
3. Apply a regulated air supply line to the fresh air
inspection, carry out a pressurized crankcase leak
makeup point on the rocker cover.
check.
4. Pressurise the crankcase to 35 kPa.
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303-01a-14
Engine — I6
303-01a-14
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING (Continued)
5. Check for air leaks by washing the suspect area
If the reading stays the same, the cause is either
with a solution of soapy water and watching for
damaged valve seats, or valve stem seals.
bubbles.
If the measurements for two adjacent cylinders are
6. Repair all leaks as necessary.
both too low, then it is very likely that the cylinder
head gasket between the cylinder is burnt through.
General Remarks
This can also be recognized by traces of engine oil in
the coolant and/or coolant in the engine oil.
NOTE: Removing fuses and disconnecting electrical
components causes the powertrain control module
Excessive Engine Oil Consumption
(PCM) to log an error message. After the
measurements have been carried out this error
The amount of oil an engine uses will vary with the
message should be cleared from memory by
way the vehicle is driven in addition to normal
connecting to WDS.
engine-to-engine variation. This is especially true
during the first 15,000 km when a new engine is being
The compression pressure should be checked with
broken in or until certain internal components become
the engine at operating temperature.
conditioned. Vehicles used in heavy-duty operation
may use more oil. The following are examples of
Check The Compression Pressure
heavy-duty operation:
trailer towing applications
WARNING: On manual transmissions, shift
the transmission into neutral. On automatic
severe loading applications
transmission vehicles, select ’’P’’. Failure to
sustained high speed operation
follow these instructions may result in personal
Engines need oil to lubricate the following internal
injury.
components:
1. Remove the fuel pump relay.
cylinder block cylinder walls
2. Start the engine and run for a few seconds, then
pistons and piston rings
stall.
intake and exhaust valve stems
3. Remove the spark plugs.
intake and exhaust valve guides
4. Install an adaptor and compression tester.
all internal engine components
5. Install an auxiliary starter switch in the starting
When the pistons move downward, a thin film of oil is
circuit. With the ignition switch OFF, use the
left on the cylinder walls. As the vehicle is operated,
auxiliary starter switch to crank the engine a
some oil is also drawn into the combustion chambers
minimum of five compression strokes, and record
past the intake and exhaust valve stem seals and
the highest reading. Note the approximate
burned.
number of compression strokes required to obtain
the highest reading.
The following is a partial list of conditions that can
affect oil consumption rates:
6. Repeat the test on each cylinder, cranking the
engine approximately the same number of
engine size
compression strokes.
operator driving habits
7. Install the components in reverse order, observing
ambient temperatures
the specified tightening torques.
quality and viscosity of oil
8. Reset the PCM fault memory.
Operation under varying conditions can frequently be
Interpretation of the Results
misleading. A vehicle that has been run for several
thousand kilometers on short trips or in cold ambient
The indicated compression pressure is considered to
temperatures may have consumed a ’’normal’’
be within specification if the lowest reading cylinder is amount of oil. However, when checking the engine oil
within 75% of the highest reading.
level, it may measure up to the full mark on the oil
level indicator due to dilution (condensation and fuel)
CAUTION: If engine oil is sprayed into the
in the engine crankcase. If the vehicle is then driven
combustion chamber, run the engine at 2000rpm
at high speeds on a highway where the condensation
for about 15 minutes (in order to burn the oil and
and fuel boil off, the next time the engine oil is
prevent damage to the catalytic converter) after
checked it may appear that a litre of oil was used in a
carrying out the measurement.
relatively short distance.
If the measurement on one or more cylinders is
Make sure the selected engine oil meets the Ford
significantly lower than the specified value, spray
specification and the recommended API performance
some engine oil into the combustion chamber and
category ’’SJ/CF’’ and SAE viscosity grade as shown
repeat the compression measurement.
in the vehicle’s Owner’s Manual. It is also important
If the reading greatly improves, the piston rings are
that the engine oil is changed at the intervals
damaged.
specified for the typical operating conditions.
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