Ford F-450 (2022 year). Manual in english — page 27

*

Treadwear:

The treadwear

grade is a comparative rating
based on the wear rate of the tire
when tested under controlled
conditions on a specified
government test course. For
example, a tire graded 150 would
wear one and one-half times as
well on the government course as
a tire graded 100.

*

Traction:

The traction grades,

from highest to lowest are AA, A,
B, and C. The grades represent the
tire's ability to stop on wet
pavement as measured under
controlled conditions on specified
government test surfaces of
asphalt and concrete. A tire
marked C may have poor traction
performance.

*

Temperature:

The temperature

grades are A (the highest), B and
C, representing the tire's
resistance to the generation of
heat and its ability to dissipate
heat when tested under controlled
conditions on a specified indoor
laboratory test wheel.

M.

Maximum Inflation

Pressure:

Indicates the tire

manufacturers' maximum
permissible pressure or the
pressure at which the maximum
load can be carried by the tire. This
pressure is normally higher than
the vehicle manufacturer's
recommended cold inflation
pressure which can be found on
the Safety Compliance
Certification Label (affixed to
either the door hinge pillar,

door-latch post, or the door edge
that meets the door-latch post,
next to the driver's seating
position), or Tire Label which is
located on the B-Pillar or the edge
of the driver’s door. The cold
inflation pressure should never be
set lower than the recommended
pressure on the vehicle label.

The tire suppliers may have
additional markings, notes or
warnings such as standard load
or radial tubeless.

Additional Information
Contained on the Tire Sidewall
for LT Type Tires

Note:

Tire Quality Grades do not

apply to this type of tire.

A

B

C

B

D

E142544

433

Wheel and Tire Information

LT type tires have some additional
information beyond those of P
type tires; these differences are
described below.

A.

LT:

Indicates a tire, designated

by the Tire and Rim Association,
that is intended for service on light
trucks.

B.

Load Range and Load

Inflation Limits:

Indicates the

tire's load-carrying capabilities
and its inflation limits.

C.

Maximum Load Dual lb (kg)

at psi (kPa) cold:

Indicates the

maximum load and tire pressure
when the tire is used as a dual,
defined as four tires on the rear
axle (a total of six or more tires on
the vehicle).

D.

Maximum Load Single lb

(kg) at psi (kPa) cold:

Indicates

the maximum load and tire
pressure when the tire is used as
a single, defined as two tires
(total) on the rear axle.

Information on T Type Tires

T145/80D16 is an example of a
tire size.

Note:

The temporary tire size for

your vehicle may be different from
this example. Tire Quality Grades
do not apply to this type of tire.

A

B

C

D

E

E142545

T type tires have some additional
information beyond those of P
type tires; these differences are
described below:

A.

T:

Indicates a type of tire,

designated by the Tire and Rim
Association, that is intended for
temporary service on cars, sport
utility vehicles, minivans and light
trucks.

B.

145:

Indicates the nominal

width of the tire in millimeters
from sidewall edge to sidewall
edge. In general, the larger the
number, the wider the tire.

434

Wheel and Tire Information

C.

80:

Indicates the aspect ratio

which gives the tire's ratio of
height to width. Numbers of 70 or
lower indicate a short sidewall.

D.

D:

Indicates a diagonal type tire.

R:

Indicates a radial type tire.

E.

16:

Indicates the wheel or rim

diameter in inches. If you change
your wheel size, you will have to
purchase new tires to match the
new wheel diameter.

GLOSSARY OF TIRE
TERMINOLOGY

*

Tire label:

A label showing the

original equipment tire sizes,
recommended inflation pressure
and the maximum weight the
vehicle can carry.

*

Tire Identification Number

(TIN):

A number on the sidewall

of each tire providing information
about the tire brand and
manufacturing plant, tire size and
date of manufacture. Also referred
to as DOT code.

*

Inflation pressure:

A measure

of the amount of air in a tire.

*

Standard load:

A class of

P-metric or Metric tires designed
to carry a maximum load at set
pressure. For example: For
P-metric tires 35 psi (2.4 bar) and
for Metric tires 36 psi (2.5 bar).
Increasing the inflation pressure
beyond this pressure will not
increase the tire’s load carrying
capability.

*

Extra load:

A class of P-metric

or Metric tires designed to carry a
heavier maximum load at 42 psi
(2.9 bar). Increasing the inflation
pressure beyond this pressure will
not increase the tire’s load
carrying capability.

*

kPa:

Kilopascal, a metric unit of

air pressure.

*

PSI:

Pounds per square inch, a

standard unit of air pressure.

*

Cold tire pressure:

The tire

pressure when the vehicle has
been stationary and out of direct
sunlight for an hour or more and
prior to the vehicle being driven for
1 mi (1.6 km).

*

Recommended inflation

pressure:

The cold inflation

pressure found on the Safety
Compliance Certification Label
(affixed to either the door hinge
pillar, door-latch post, or the door
edge that meets the door-latch
post, next to the driver's seating
position), or Tire Label located on
the B-Pillar or the edge of the
driver door.

*

B-pillar:

The structural member

at the side of the vehicle behind
the front door.

*

Bead area of the tire:

Area of

the tire next to the rim.

*

Sidewall of the tire:

Area

between the bead area and the
tread.

435

Wheel and Tire Information

*

Tread area of the tire:

Area of

the perimeter of the tire that
contacts the road when mounted
on the vehicle.

*

Rim:

The metal support (wheel)

for a tire or a tire and tube
assembly upon which the tire
beads are seated.

TIRE REPLACEMENT
REQUIREMENTS

AGE

WARNING:

Tires degrade

over time depending on many
factors such as weather, storage
conditions, and conditions of use
(load, speed, inflation pressure)
the tires experience throughout
their lives.
In general, tires should be
replaced after six years
regardless of tread wear.
However, heat caused by hot
climates or frequent high loading
conditions can accelerate the
aging process and may require
tires to be replaced more
frequently.
You should replace your spare
tire when you replace the road
tires or after six years due to
aging even if it has not been
used.

U.S. DOT Tire Identification
Number

Both United States and Canada
Federal regulations require tire
manufacturers to place
standardized information on the
sidewall of all tires. This
information identifies and
describes the fundamental
characteristics of the tire and also
provides a U.S. DOT Tire
Identification Number for safety
standard certification and in case
of a recall.

This begins with the letters DOT
and indicates that the tire meets
all federal standards. The next
two numbers or letters are the
plant code designating where it
was manufactured, the next two
are the tire size code and the last
four numbers represent the week
and year the tire was built. For
example, the numbers 317 mean
the 31st week of 1997. After 2000,
the numbers go to four digits. For
example, 2501 means the 25th
week of 2001. The numbers in
between are identification codes
used for traceability. This
information is used to contact
customers if a tire defect requires
a recall.

Tire Replacement
Requirements

Your vehicle is equipped with tires
designed to provide a safe ride
and handling capability.

436

Wheel and Tire Information

WARNING:

Only use

replacement tires and wheels
that are the same size, load
index, speed rating and type
(such as P-metric versus
LT-metric or all-season versus
all-terrain) as those originally
provided by Ford. The
recommended tire and wheel
size may be found on either the
Safety Compliance Certification
Label (affixed to either the door
hinge pillar, door-latch post, or
the door edge that meets the
door-latch post, next to the
driver's seating position), or the
Tire Label which is located on
the B-Pillar or edge of the
driver's door. If this information
is not found on these labels, then
you should contact your
authorized dealer as soon as
possible. Use of any tire or wheel
not recommended by Ford can
affect the safety and
performance of your vehicle,
which could result in an
increased risk of loss of vehicle
control, vehicle rollover, personal
injury and death.

WARNING:

To reduce the

risk of serious injury, when
mounting replacement tires and
wheels, you should not exceed
the maximum pressure indicated
on the sidewall of the tire to set
the beads without additional
precautions listed below. If the
beads do not seat at the
maximum pressure indicated,
re-lubricate and try again.

WARNING:

For a mounting

pressure more than 20 psi
(1.38 bar) greater than the
maximum pressure, a Ford
dealer or other tire service
professional should do the
mounting.

WARNING:

Always inflate

steel carcass tires with a remote
air fill with the person inflating
standing at a minimum of 12 ft
(3.66 m) away from the wheel
and tire assembly.

WARNING:

When inflating

the tire for mounting pressures
up to 20 psi (1.38 bar) greater
than the maximum pressure on
the tire sidewall, the following
precautions must be taken to
protect the person mounting the
tire:

•

Make sure that you have the
correct tire and wheel size.

•

Lubricate the tire bead and
wheel bead seat area again.

437

Wheel and Tire Information

•

Stand at a minimum of 12 ft
(3.66 m) away from the wheel
and tire assembly.

•

Use both eye and ear
protection.

Important:

Remember to replace

the wheel valve stems when the
road tires are replaced on your
vehicle.

It is recommended that the two
front tires or two rear tires
generally be replaced as a pair if
the worn tires still have usable
depth.

To avoid potential Four-Wheel
Drive (4WD) malfunction or
(4WD) system damage, it is
recommended to replace all four
tires rather than mixing
significantly worn tires with new
tires.

The tire pressure sensors mounted
in the wheels (originally installed
on your vehicle) are not designed
to be used in aftermarket wheels.

The use of wheels or tires not
recommended may affect the
operation of your tire pressure
monitoring system.

If the tire pressure monitoring
system indicator is flashing, your
system is malfunctioning. Your
replacement tire might be
incompatible with your tire
pressure monitoring system, or
some component of the system
may be damaged.

Tire can be damaged during
off-road use, so inspection after
off-road use is also
recommended.

Replacing a Tire That Is
Greenhouse Gas Certified

The tires installed on this vehicle
at the factory as original
equipment are certified for
Greenhouse Gas and Fuel
Efficiency regulations.
Replacement tires must be of
equal or lower rolling resistance
level (TRRL or Crr). Consult with
your tire supplier(s) for
appropriate replacement tires.

USING SNOW CHAINS

WARNING:

Do not exceed 30 mph

(50 km/h). Failure to follow this
instruction could result in the loss of
control of your vehicle, personal injury or
death.

WARNING:

Do not use snow chains

on snow-free roads.

WARNING:

Only fit snow chains to

specified tires.

WARNING:

If your vehicle is fitted

with wheel trims, remove them before
fitting snow chains.

WARNING:

Wheels and tires must

be the same size, load index and speed
rating as those originally fitted on the
vehicle. Use of any other tire or wheel
can affect the safety and performance
of your vehicle. Additionally, the use of
non-recommended tires and wheels can

438

Wheel and Tire Information

cause steering, suspension, axle, transfer
case or power transfer unit failure.
Follow the recommended tire inflation
pressures found on the Safety
Compliance Certification label, or the
Tire Label on the B-Pillar or the edge of
the driver door. Failure to follow this
instruction could result in loss of vehicle
control, vehicle rollover, or personal injury
or death.

Note:

Do not use snow chains on vehicles

with LT275/65R20 or LT 285/75R18 sized
tires.

Note:

The suspension insulation and

bumpers will help prevent vehicle damage.
Do not remove these components from your
vehicle when using snow tires and chains.

The tires on your vehicle have all-weather
treads to provide traction in rain and snow.
However, in some climates, you may need
to use snow tires and cables. If you need
to use cables, we recommend that you use
steel wheels of the same size and
specification, as cables may chip
aluminum wheels.

Follow these guidelines when using snow
tires and chains:

•

If possible, avoid fully loading your
vehicle.

•

Use only SAE Class S chains.

•

Install chains securely, verifying that
the chains do not touch any wiring,
brake lines or fuel lines.

•

Only install snow chains on the rear
axle.

•

For Dual Rear Wheel (DRW) vehicles,
only install snow chains on the outer
wheel of each pair.

•

Drive cautiously. If you hear the chains
rub or bang against your vehicle, stop
and retighten the chains. If this does
not work, remove the chains to prevent
damage to your vehicle.

•

Remove the tire chains when you no
longer need them. Do not use tire
chains on dry roads.

E292547

439

Wheel and Tire Information

Use snow chains that fit against the
sidewall of the tire to prevent the chains
from touching the wheel rims or
suspension. Refer to the previous
illustration.

If you have any questions regarding snow
chains, please contact your authorized
dealer.

440

Wheel and Tire Information

CHECKING THE TIRE
PRESSURES

Safe operation of your vehicle
requires that your tires are
properly inflated. Every day before
you drive, check your tires.

At least once a month and before
long trips, inspect each tire and
check the tire pressure with a tire
gauge. Inflate all tires to the
recommended inflation pressure.
See

Inflating the Tires

(page

441).

INFLATING THE TIRES

WARNING:

Under-inflation

is the most common cause of
tire failures and may result in
severe tire cracking, tread
separation or blowout, with
unexpected loss of vehicle
control and increased risk of
injury. Under-inflation increases
sidewall flexing and rolling
resistance, resulting in heat
buildup and internal damage to
the tire. It also may result in
unnecessary tire stress, irregular
wear, loss of vehicle control and
accidents. A tire can lose up to
half of its air pressure and not
appear to be flat!

Use the recommended cold
inflation pressure for optimum tire
performance and wear.
Under-inflation or over-inflation
may cause uneven treadwear
patterns.

Always inflate your tires to the
recommended inflation pressure
even if it is less than the maximum
inflation pressure information
found on the tire. You will find a
Tire Label containing the
manufacturer's recommended tire
inflation pressure by the tire size
and other important information
located on the B-Pillar or the edge
of the driver door.

The recommended tire inflation
pressure is also found on the
Safety Compliance Certification
Label, affixed to either the door
hinge pillar, door-latch post, or the
door edge that meets the
door-latch on the B-pillar, or on
the edge of the driver door.

Failure to follow the tire pressure
recommendations can cause
uneven treadwear patterns and
adversely affect the way your
vehicle handles.

Note:

If you have to drive a

distance to get air for your tire(s),
check and record the tire pressure
first and add the appropriate air
pressure when you get to the
pump. It is normal for tires to heat
up and the air pressure inside to go
up as you drive.

To check the pressure in your
tire(s):

441

Tire Care

1. Make sure the tires are cool,
meaning they are not hot from
driving even a mile.

Note:

If you are checking tire

pressure when the tire is hot, (for
example, driven more than 1 mile
[1.6 kilometers]), never bleed or
reduce air pressure. The tires are
hot from driving and it is normal for
pressures to increase above
recommended cold pressures. A
hot tire at or below recommended
cold inflation pressure could be
significantly under-inflated.

2. Remove the cap from the valve
on one tire, then firmly press the
tire gauge onto the valve and
measure the pressure.

3. Add enough air to reach the
recommended air pressure.

Note:

If you overfill the tire, release

air by pressing on the metal stem
in the center of the valve. Then
recheck the pressure with your tire
gauge.

4. Replace the valve cap.

5. Repeat this procedure for each
tire, including the spare.

Note:

Some spare tires operate at

a higher inflation pressure than the
other tires. For T type mini-spare
tires, (see the Dissimilar spare
wheel and tire assembly
information for a description. Store
and maintain at 60 psi
(4.15 bar)60 psi (4.15 bar). For
full-size and dissimilar spare tires,
see the Dissimilar spare wheel and
tire assembly information for a
description. Store and maintain at
the higher of the front and rear
inflation pressure as shown on the
Safety Compliance Certification
Label or Tire Label.

Note:

Do not reduce tire pressure

to change the ride characteristics
of the vehicle. If you do not
maintain the inflation pressure at
the levels specified by Ford, your
vehicle may experience a condition
known as shimmy. Shimmy is a
severe vibration and oscillation in
the steering wheel after the vehicle
travels over a bump or dip in the
road that does not dampen out by
itself. Shimmy may result from
significant under-inflation of the
tires, improper tires (load range,
size, or type), or vehicle
modifications such as lift-kits. In
the event that your vehicle
experiences shimmy, you should
slowly reduce speed by either lifting
off the accelerator pedal or lightly
applying the brakes. The shimmy
will cease as the vehicle speed
decreases.

442

Tire Care

When weather temperature
changes occur, tire inflation
pressures also change. A 10°F
(6°C) temperature drop can
cause a corresponding drop of 1
psi (7 kPa) in inflation pressure.
Check your tire pressures
frequently and adjust them to the
proper pressure which can be
found on the Safety Compliance
Certification Label or Tire Label.

Steel Carcass Plies

WARNING:

An inflated tire

and rim can be very dangerous
if improperly used, serviced or
maintained. To reduce the risk
of serious injury, never attempt
to re-inflate a tire which has
been run flat or seriously
under-inflated without first
removing the tire from the wheel
assembly for inspection. Do not
attempt to add air to tires or
replace tires or wheels without
first taking precautions to
protect persons and property.

All tires with Steel Carcass Plies
(if equipped):

This type of tire utilizes steel cords
in the sidewalls. As such, they
cannot be treated like normal light
truck tires. Tire service, including
adjusting tire pressure, must be
performed by personnel trained,
supervised and equipped
according to Federal Occupational
Safety and Health Administration
regulations. For example, during
any procedure involving tire
inflation, the technician or
individual must utilize a remote
inflation device, and ensure that
all persons are clear of the
trajectory area.

WARNING:

Always inflate

steel carcass tires with a remote
air fill with the person inflating
standing at a minimum of 12 ft
(3.66 m) away from the wheel
and tire assembly.

443

Tire Care

E161437

INSPECTING THE TIRE FOR
WEAR

E142546

When the tread is worn down to
one sixteenth of an inch (2 mm),
tires must be replaced to help
prevent your vehicle from skidding
and hydroplaning. Built-in
treadwear indicators, or wear bars,
which look like narrow strips of
smooth rubber across the tread
will appear on the tire when the
tread is worn down to one
sixteenth of an inch (2 mm).

When the tire tread wears down
to the same height as these wear
bars, the tire is worn out and must
be replaced.

444

Tire Care

The tires should also be balanced
periodically. An unbalanced tire
and wheel assembly may result in
irregular tire wear.

Periodically inspect the tire treads
for uneven or excessive wear and
remove objects such as stones,
nails or glass that may be wedged
in the tread grooves.

INSPECTING THE TIRE FOR
DAMAGE

Inspect the tire sidewalls for
cracking, cuts, bruises and other
signs of damage or excessive
wear. If internal damage to the tire
is suspected, have the tire
dismounted and inspected in case
it needs to be repaired or replaced.
For your safety, tires that are
damaged or show signs of
excessive wear should not be used
because they are more likely to
blow out or fail.

Periodically inspect the tire treads
and sidewalls for damage, such
as bulges in the tread or sidewalls,
cracks in the tread groove and
separation in the tread or sidewall.
If damage is observed or
suspected, have the tire inspected
by a tire professional.

Tires can be damaged during
off-road use, so inspection after
off-road use is also
recommended.

Safety Practices

WARNING:

If your vehicle

is stuck in snow, mud or sand, do
not rapidly spin the tires;
spinning the tires can tear the
tire and cause an explosion. A
tire can explode in as little as
three to five seconds.

WARNING:

Do not spin the

wheels at over 34 mph
(55 km/h). The tires may fail and
injure a passenger or bystander.

Highway Hazards

No matter how carefully you drive,
there is always the possibility that
you could eventually have a flat
tire on the highway. Drive slowly
to the closest safe area out of
traffic. This could further damage
the flat tire, but your safety is
more important.

If you feel a sudden vibration or
ride disturbance while driving, or
you suspect your tire or vehicle
has been damaged, immediately
reduce your speed. Drive with
caution until you can safely pull
off the road. Stop and inspect the
tires for damage. If a tire is
under-inflated or damaged,
deflate it, remove the wheel and
replace it with your spare tire and
wheel. If you cannot detect a
cause, have the vehicle towed to
the nearest repair facility or tire
dealer to have the vehicle
inspected.

445

Tire Care

Tire and Wheel Alignment

A bad jolt from hitting a curb or
pothole can cause the front end
of your vehicle to become
misaligned or cause damage to
your tires. If your vehicle seems to
pull to one side when you are
driving, the wheels could be out of
alignment. Have an authorized
dealer check the wheel alignment
periodically.

Wheel misalignment in the front
or the rear can cause uneven and
rapid treadwear of your tires and
should be corrected by an
authorized dealer.

INSPECTING THE WHEEL
VALVE STEMS

Check the valve stems for holes,
cracks, or cuts that may permit air
leakage and replace the valve
stem if damaged.

Note:

A new valve stem (including

new nut, new washer & new screw)
must be installed whenever a new
tire or wheel is installed.

TIRE ROTATION

WARNING:

If the tire label

shows different tire pressures for
the front and rear tires and the
vehicle has a tire pressure
monitoring system, then you
need to update the settings for
the system sensors. Always

perform the system reset
procedure after tire rotation. If
you do not reset the system, it
may not provide a low tire
pressure warning when
necessary.

Rotating your tires at the
recommended interval will help
your tires wear more evenly,
providing better tire performance
and longer tire life.

Note:

If your tires show any uneven

wear have the alignment checked
by an authorized dealer before
rotating tires.

Note:

If you have a dissimilar spare

wheel and tire assembly, it is
intended for temporary use only
and should not be used in a tire
rotation.

Note:

After having your tires

rotated, inflation pressure must be
checked and adjusted to the
vehicle requirements.

Tire Rotation Diagram

Follow the diagram indicating the
correct tire locations for rotating
the tires.

446

Tire Care

E142548

Rear-wheel drive vehicles and
four-wheel drive vehicles (front
tires at left of diagram).

E166988

Dual rear wheel drive vehicle - six
tire rotation (front tires at top of
diagram).

If your vehicle is equipped with
dual rear wheels it is
recommended that the front and
rear tires (in pairs) be rotated only
side to side. We do not
recommend splitting up the dual
rear wheels. Rotate them side to
side as a set. After tire rotation,
inflation pressures must be
adjusted for the tires' new
positions in accordance with
vehicle requirements.

E227387

Note:

When installing 17-inch dual

rear wheels, align the valve stems
facing each other.

447

Tire Care

WHAT IS THE TIRE PRESSURE
MONITORING SYSTEM

The tire pressure monitoring
system measures the vehicle's
tire pressures. A warning lamp

illuminates if one or more tires are
significantly underinflated or if there is a
system malfunction.

TIRE PRESSURE MONITORING
SYSTEM OVERVIEW

WARNING:

If the tire pressure

monitor sensor becomes damaged it
may not function.

WARNING:

Under-inflation is the

most common cause of tire failures and
may result in severe tire cracking, tread
separation or blowout, with unexpected
loss of vehicle control and increased risk
of injury. Under-inflation increases
sidewall flexing and rolling resistance,
resulting in heat buildup and internal
damage to the tire. It also may result in
unnecessary tire stress, irregular wear,
loss of vehicle control and accidents. A
tire can lose up to half of its air pressure
and not appear to be flat!

WARNING:

To determine the

required pressure(s) for your vehicle, see
the Safety Compliance Certification
Label (on the door hinge pillar,
door-latch post or the door edge that
meets the door-latch post, next to the
driver seat) or the Tire Label on the
B-Pillar or the edge of the driver door.

Each tire, including the spare (if provided),
should be checked monthly when cold and
inflated to the inflation pressure
recommended by the vehicle manufacturer
on the vehicle placard or tire inflation
pressure label. (If your vehicle has tires of
a different size than the size indicated on
the vehicle placard or tire inflation pressure
label, you should determine the proper tire
inflation pressure for those tires).

As an added safety feature, your vehicle
has been equipped with a Tire Pressure
Monitoring System (TPMS) that
illuminates a low tire pressure telltale
when one or more of your tires is
significantly under-inflated. Accordingly,
when the low tire pressure telltale
illuminates, you should stop and check
your tires as soon as possible, and inflate
them to the proper pressure. Driving on a
significantly under-inflated tire causes the
tire to overheat and can lead to tire failure.
Under-inflation also reduces fuel efficiency
and tire tread life, and may affect the
vehicle’s handling and stopping ability.

Please note that the TPMS is not a
substitute for proper tire maintenance, and
it is the driver’s responsibility to maintain
correct tire pressure, even if under-inflation
has not reached the level to trigger
illumination of the TPMS low tire pressure
telltale.

Your vehicle has also been equipped with
a TPMS malfunction indicator to indicate
when the system is not operating properly.
The TPMS malfunction indicator is
combined with the low tire pressure
telltale. When the system detects a
malfunction, the telltale will flash for
approximately one minute and then remain
continuously illuminated. This sequence
will continue upon subsequent vehicle
start-ups as long as the malfunction exists.

448

Tire Pressure Monitoring System

(If Equipped)