Jaguar XJ (X350). Manual — part 25

Gases

See Gas Cylinders.

Gaskets (Fluoroelastomer)

See Viton.

General Workshop Tools and Equipment

It is essential that all tools and equipment are maintained in good condition and the correct
safety equipment is used where required.

Never use tools or equipment for any purpose other than that for which they were designed.
Never over – load equipment such as hoists, jacks, axle and chassis stands or lifting slings.
Damage caused by overloading is not always immediately apparent and may result in a fatal
failure the next time that the equipment is used.

Do not use damaged or defective tools or equipment, particularly high speed equipment such
as grinding wheels. A damaged grinding wheel can disintegrate without warning and cause
serious injury.

Wear suitable eye protection when using grinding, chiselling or sand blasting equipment.

Wear a suitable breathing mask when using abrasive blasting equipment, working with
asbestos-based materials or using spraying equipment.

Ensure adequate ventilation to control dusts, mists and fumes.

High Pressure Air, Lubrication and Oil Test Equipment

See also Lubricants and Greases.

Always keep high pressure equipment in good condition, and regularly maintained,
particularly at joints and unions.

Never direct a high pressure nozzle, e.g. diesel injector, at the skin as the fluid may penetrate
to the under - lying tissue etc., and cause serious injury.

Halon

See CFCs.

Many laws and regulations make requirements relating to health and safety in the use and
disposal of materials and equipment in workshops. Some of these laws which apply in the
U.K. are listed. Similar laws exist for other territories:

•

The Factories Act (1961).

•

The Asbestos Regulations (1969).

•

Highly Flammable Liquids and Liquified Petroleum Gases Regulations (1972).

•

Control of Pollution Act (1974).

•

Health and Safety at Work Act (1974).

•

The Classification, Packaging and Labelling of Dangerous Substances Regulations
(1978, 1981, 1983, 1984).

•

Control of Lead at Work Regulations (1980).

•

Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) Regulations (1989).

•

Abrasive Wheels Regulations (1970).

•

Reporting of injuries, diseases and dangerous occurrences regulations 1985
(RIDDOR).

Workshops should be familiar, in detail, with these and associated laws and regulations.

Consult the local factory inspectorate if in any doubt.

Lubricants and Greases

Avoid all prolonged and repeated contact with mineral oils. All lubricants and greases may be
irritating to the eyes and skin.

Used Engine Oil

Prolonged and repeated contact with mineral oil will result in the removal of natural oils from
the skin, leading to dryness, irritation and dermatitis. In addition, used engine oil contains
potentially harmful contaminants which may cause skin cancer. Adequate means of skin
protection and washing facilities must be provided.

Do not employ used engine oils as lubricants or for any application where appreciable skin
contact is likely to occur.

There are publications describing the problems and advising on precautionary measures. For
the UK a typical Health and Safety Executive publication is: SHW 397: Cautionary Notice:
Effects of mineral oil on the skin.

Health Protection Precautions

•

Avoid prolonged and repeated contact with oils, particularly used engine oils.

•

Wear protective clothing, including impervious gloves where practicable.

•

Do not put oily rags into pockets.

•

Avoid contaminating clothing.

•

Heavily soiled clothing and oil - impregnated footwear should not be worn. Overalls
must be cleaned regularly.

•

First Aid treatment should be obtained immediately for open cuts and wounds.

Legal Aspects

www.

•

Use barrier creams, applying them before each work period, to help the removal of oil
from the skin.

•

Wash with soap and water to make sure all oil is removed (skin cleansers and nail
brushes will help). Preparations containing lanoline replace the natural skin oils which
have been removed.

•

Do not use gasoline (petrol), kerosene (paraffin), diesel fuel (gas oil), thinners or
solvents for cleaning skin.

•

If skin disorders develop, obtain medical advice without delay.

•

Where practical, degrease components prior to handling.

•

Where there is a risk of eye contact, eye protection should be worn, for example,
chemical goggles or face shields; in addition an eye wash facility should be provided.

Environmental Precautions

Burning used engine oil in small space heaters or boilers can be recommended only for units
of approved design. In the UK the heating system must meet the requirements of HM
Inspectorate of Pollution for small burners of less than 0.4 MW. If in doubt check with the
appropriate local authority and/or manufacturer of approved appliances.

Dispose of used oil and used oil filters through authorized waste disposal contractors or
licensed waste disposal sites, or to the waste oil reclamation trade, batterys should also be
disposed off under similar arrangments. If in doubt, contact the relevant local authority for
advice on disposal facilities.

It is illegal to pour used oil, antifreeze and automatic transmission fluid on to the ground,
down sewers, drains, or into water courses.

Noise

Some operations may produce high noise levels which could, in time, damage hearing. In
these cases, suitable ear protection must be worn.

Noise Insulation Materials

See Foams, Fibre Insulation.

0-Rings (Fluoroelastomer)

See Viton.

Paints

See also body and paint manual.

See also Solvents, Chemical Materials.

Highly flammable, flammable - observe No Smoking policy

Pressurized Equipment

See High Pressure Air, Lubrication and Oil Test Equipment.

Solder

Solders are mixtures of metals such that the melting point of the mixture is below that of the
constituent metals (normally lead and tin). Solder application does not normally give rise to
toxic lead fumes, provided a gas/air flame is used. Oxy - acetylene flames should not be used,
as they are much hotter and will cause lead fumes to be produced.

Some fumes may be produced by the application of any flame to surfaces coated with grease
etc. and inhalation of these should be avoided.

Removal of excess solder should be undertaken with care, to make sure that fine lead dust is
not produced, which can give toxic effects if inhaled. Respiratory protection may be
necessary.

Solder spillage and filings should be collected and removed promptly to prevent general air
contamination by lead.

High standards of personal hygiene are necessary in order to avoid ingestion of lead or
inhalation of solder dust from clothing.

Solvents

See also Chemical Materials, Fuels (Kerosene), Fire.

e.g. acetone, white spirit, toluene, xylene, trichloroethane.

Used in cleaning and dewaxing materials, paints, plastics, resins, thinners etc.

Some may be highly flammable or flammable.

Skin contact will degrease the skin and may result in irritation and dermatitis following
repeated or prolonged contact. Some can be absorbed through the skin in toxic or harmful
quantities.

Splashes in the eye may cause severe irritation and could lead to loss of vision.

Brief exposure of high concentrations of vapors or mists will cause eye and throat irritation,
drowsiness, dizziness, headaches and, in the worst circumstances, unconsciousness.

Repeated or prolonged exposure to excessive but lower concentrations of vapors or mists, for
which there might not be adequate warning indications, can cause more serious toxic or
harmful effects.

Aspiration into the lungs (e.g. through vomiting) is the most serious consequence of
swallowing.

www.