Defender. Manual — part 48
Steering System - General Information -
Steering
Steering
geometry
Steering wheel
diameter
412 mm (16.22 in)
Front wheel
alignment
-10' ± 10' toe-out
Rear wheel
alignment
+5' ± 15' toe-in
Camber angle -
Front
-10' ± 45'
Camber angle -
Rear
-10' ± 45'
Castor angle
3° 15' ± 45'
Cross castor
1° Maximum
Cross camber -
Front
1° Maximum
Cross camber -
Rear
1° Maximum
Swivel pin
inclination - static
7° Check with vehicle on level ground at EEC kerb weight. Rock the front of the vehicle up and
down to allow it to take up normal static position.
Turning circle between kerbs
90 Models
265/75 x 16 tires
12.65 m (41.5 ft)
All other tires
11.70 m (38.4 ft)
110 Models
750 x 16 tires
13.41 m (44 ft)
130 Models
750 x 16 tires
15.24 m (50 ft)
Steering box and pump
Steering box make and type
Adwest Varamatic - worm and roller
Steering box ratio
Variable: Straight ahead - 19.3:1 on lock - 14.3:1
Steering wheel turns - lock to lock
3.375
Steering pump make and type
JTekt P4
Power steering system
Fluids and capacities
Power steering fluid
Texaco Cold Climate 33270
Fluid capacity - steering gear and reservoir - LHD
2.90 litres (5.0 pints)
Fluid capacity - steering gear and reservoir - RHD
3.40 litres (6.00 pints)
Torque specifications
Description
Nm
lbf-ft
Drag link to drop arm
40
30
Ball joint nuts
40
30
Clamp bolt (M6)
9
7
Steering column bracket nuts
22
16
Steering wheel nut
43
32
Tie bar to mounting nut initial torque
80
60
Tie bar to mounting nut final torque
110
80
Universal joint pinch bolt
30
22
Steering gear adjuster locknut
60
45
Steering gear drop arm nut
175
130
Steering gear sector shaft cover to steering box
75
55
Steering gear to chassis
80
60
Steering gear fluid pipes 14mm thread
15
11
Steering gear fluid pipes 16mm thread
20
15
Steering gear tie bar
80
60
Power steering pump high pressure fluid pipe
20
15
Power steering pump mounting
35
25
Power steering pump pulley bolts
10
7
Power steering pump hose clamp
3
2
Power steering pump front mounting plate bolts
9
7
Power steering reservoir hose clamp
3
2
Fixing size
Nm
lbf-ft
M5
6
4.5
M6
9
7
M8
25
18
M10
45
33
M12
90
65
M14
105
77
M16
180
133
1/4 in
9
7
5/16 in
24
18
3/8 in
39
29
7/16 in
78
58
! in
90
65
5/8 in
135
100
Torque specifications in the table above are for all screws and bolts used, except for those specifically referred to in the
Torque specifications table.
Steering System - General Information - Steering System
Description and Operation
Power steering system
Item
Part Number
Description
1.
-
Hydraulic pump
2.
-
Fluid reservoir
3.
-
Steering box
4.
-
Upper column
5.
-
Universal joints
6.
-
Lower shaft
7.
-
Compression joint
8.
-
Drag link
Power steering box components
Item
Part Number
Description
1.
-
Housing complete with sector shaft bearings
2.
-
Cover plate complete with bearing
3.
-
Sector shaft
4.
-
Hydraulic piston/rack
5.
-
Worm/valve and torsion bar assembly
6.
-
Shims for centralizing worm/valve
7.
-
Ball race
8.
-
'Teflon' seals for valve sleeve
9.
-
Bearing adjuster, locknut and seal
10.
-
Worm shaft pressure seal, circlip and dirt excluder
11.
-
'Teflon' and rubber seal for piston
12.
-
End cover seal and snap ring
13.
-
Adjustment components for piston/rack
14.
-
Hydraulic pipe
15.
-
Bleed screw
16.
-
Sector shaft adjustment lock nut with seal
17.
-
Cover plate bolts
18.
-
Cover plate seal
19.
-
Seal, washer and backup seal
20.
-
Circlip and dust cover
GENERAL
The steering system incorporates a compression joint in the lower shaft and is designed to collapse on impact. The mis-
alignment of the upper steering column with the steering box and the inclusion of two universal joints, is also designed
to prevent the column moving toward the driver under frontal impact.
The steering box is located behind the first chassis cross member and is connected to the road wheel swivel housing by
a drag link and track rod. A hydraulic damper absorbs shocks in the steering, caused by road wheel deflections when
operating on rough terrain.
Power steering system
The power steering system comprises a hydraulic pump which is belt driven from the engine and supplied with fluid from
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