Ford Galaxy / Ford S-MAX. Manual — part 11

Some fumes may be produced by the application of any flame to surfaces coated with
grease, and inhalation of these should be avoided.

Removal of excess solder should be undertaken with care, to make sure that fine lead dust
is not produced, which can give toxic effects if inhaled. Respiratory protection may be
necessary.

Solder spillage and filings should be collected and removed promptly to prevent general air
contamination by lead.

High standards of personal hygiene are necessary in order to avoid ingestion of lead or
inhalation of solder dust from clothing.

Solvents

See also Chemical Materials, Fuels (Kerosene), Fire.

For example acetone, white spirit, toluene, xylene, trichloroethane.

Used in cleaning and dewaxing materials, paints, plastics, resins and thinners.

Some may be highly flammable or flammable.

Skin contact will degrease the skin and may result in irritation and dermatitis following
repeated or prolonged contact. Some can be absorbed through the skin in toxic or harmful
quantities.

Splashes in the eye may cause severe irritation and could lead to loss of vision.

Brief exposure of high concentrations of vapors or mists will cause eye and throat irritation,
drowsiness, dizziness, headaches and, in the worst circumstances, unconsciousness.

Repeated or prolonged exposure to excessive but lower concentrations of vapors or mists,
for which there might not be adequate warning indications, can cause more serious toxic or
harmful effects.

Aspiration into the lungs, for example through vomiting, is the most serious consequence of
swallowing.

Avoid splashes to the skin, eyes and clothing. Wear protective gloves, goggles and clothing
if necessary.

Make sure there is good ventilation when in use, avoid breathing fumes, vapors and spray
mists and keep containers tightly sealed. Do not use in confined spaces.

When spraying materials containing solvents, for example paints, adhesive, coatings, use
extraction ventilation or personal respiratory protection in the absence of adequate general
ventilation.

Do not apply heat or flame except under specific and detailed manufacturers instructions.

Sound Insulation

See Fibre Insulation, Foams.

Suspended Loads

CAUTION: Never improvise lifting tackle.

There is always a danger when loads are lifted or suspended. Never work under an
unsupported, suspended or raised load, for example a suspended engine.

Always make sure that lifting equipment such as jacks, hoists, axle stands and slings are
adequate and suitable for the job, in good condition and regularly maintained.

Transmission Brake Bands

See Asbestos.

Underseal

See Corrosion Protection.

Viton

In common with many other manufacturers vehicles, some components have O-rings, seals
or gaskets, which contain a material known as `Viton'.

Viton is a fluoroelastomer, that is a synthetic rubber type material, which contains Fluorine.
It is commonly used for O-rings, gaskets and seals of all types. Although Viton is the most
well known fluoroelastomer, there are others, including Fluorel and Tecmoflon.

When used under design conditions fluoroelastomers are perfectly safe. If, however, they
are exposed to temperatures in excess of 400°C, the material will not burn, but will
decompose, and one of the products formed is hydrofluoric acid.

This acid is extremely corrosive and may be absorbed directly, through contact, into the
general body system.

O-rings, seals or gaskets which have been exposed to very high temperatures will appear
charred or as a black sticky substance.

DO NOT; under any circumstances touch them or the attached components.

Enquiries should be made to determine whether Viton or any other fluoroelastomer has
been used in the affected O-ring, seal or gasket. If they are of natural rubber or nitrile
there is no hazard. If in doubt, be cautious, as the material may be Viton or any
fluoroelastomer.

If Viton or any other fluoroelastomers have been used, the affected area should be
decontaminated before the commencement of work.

Disposable heavy duty plastic gloves should be worn at all times, and the affected area
washed down using wire wool and a limewater (calcium hydroxide) solution to neutralize
the acid before disposing of the decomposed Viton residue and final cleaning of the area.
After use, the plastic gloves should be discarded carefully and safely.

Welding

See also Fire, Electric Shock, Gas Cylinders.

Welding processes include Resistance Welding (Spot Welding), Arc Welding and Gas
Welding.

Resistance Welding

This process may cause particles of molten metal to be emitted at a high velocity, and the
eyes and skin must be protected.

Arc Welding

This process emits a high level of ultra-violet radiation, which may cause arc-eye, and skin
burns to the operator and to other persons nearby. Gas-shielded welding processes are
particularly hazardous in this respect. Personal protection must be worn, and screens used
to shield other people.

CONTACT LENS WEARERS ARE ADVISED TO REVERT TO ORDINARY SPECTACLES WHEN
ARC WELDING as the arc spectrum is believed to emit microwaves which dry out the fluid
between the lens and the eye. This may result in blindness when the lens is removed from
the eye.

Metal spatter will also occur, and appropriate eye and skin protection is necessary.

The heat of the welding arc will produce fumes and gases from the metals being welded,
the rods and from any applied coatings or contamination on the surfaces being worked on.
These gases and fumes may be toxic and inhalation of these should be avoided. The use of

extraction ventilation to remove the fumes from the working area may be necessary
particularly in cases where the general ventilation is poor, or where considerable welding
work is anticipated. In extreme cases or confined spaces where adequate ventilation cannot
be provided, air-fed respirators may be necessary.

Gas Welding (and Cutting)

Oxy-acetylene torches may be used for welding and cutting, and special care must be taken
to prevent leakage of these gases, with consequent risk of fire and explosion.

The process will produce metal spatter and eye and skin protection is necessary.

The flame is bright, and eye protection should be used, but the ultra-violet emission is
much less than that from arc welding, and lighter filters may be used.

The process itself produces few toxic fumes, but such fumes and gases may be produced
from coatings on the work, particularly during cutting away of damaged body parts, and
inhalation of the fumes should be avoided.

In brazing, toxic fumes may be produced from the metals in the brazing rod, and a severe
hazard may arise if brazing rods containing cadmium are used. In this event particular care
must be taken to avoid inhalation of fumes and expert advice may be required.

SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS MUST BE TAKEN BEFORE ANY WELDING OR CUTTING TAKES PLACE
ON VESSELS, WHICH HAVE CONTAINED COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS, FOR EXAMPLE
BOILING OR STEAMING OUT OF FUEL TANKS.

Warning Symbols on Vehicles

Decals showing warning symbols will be found on various vehicle components.

These decals must not be removed. The warnings are for the attention of owners/operators
and persons carrying out service or repair operations on the vehicle.

The most commonly found decals are reproduced below together with an explanation of the
warnings.

1. 1. Components or assemblies displaying the caution triangle and open book symbol

advise consultation of the relevant section of the owner literature before touching or
attempting adjustments of any kind.

2. 2. Components or assemblies displaying the warning triangle with the `electrified'

arrow and open book symbol give warning of inherent high voltages. Never touch
these with the engine running or the ignition switched on. See Electric Shock in this
subsection.

3. 3. Vehicles and replacement components which contain asbestos are identified by this

symbol. See Asbestos in this subsection.

4. 4. Components or assemblies displaying this symbol give warning that the component

contains a corrosive substance. See Acids and Alkalis in this subsection.

5. 5. Displaying the caution circle with a deleted lighted match symbol, caution against

the use of naked lights or flames within the immediate vicinity due to the presence
of highly flammable or explosive liquids or vapors. See Fire in this subsection.